scholarly journals Microstructural Characteristics of Cement-Based Materials Fabricated Using Multi-Mode Fiber Laser

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngjin Seo ◽  
Dongkyoung Lee ◽  
Sukhoon Pyo
Keyword(s):  
Laser Cutting ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Laser Interaction ◽  
Microstructural Characteristics ◽  
Micro Cracks ◽  
Water To Cement Ratio ◽  
Cement Based Materials ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cut Surface

Cement-based materials are the most prevalent construction materials, and the conventional cutting techniques are still mostly used for fabricating the materials. However, these conventional cutting methods could generate undesirable micro-cracks and remove unintentional structural sections. This experimental study aims to evaluate the effects of the new fabricating method using laser on the microstructural characteristics of the cement-based materials. The experimental variables are laser cutting speed, water to cement ratio and material compositions. In order to compare the microstructure before and after the laser interaction, the microstructure of the cut surface is observed through scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-Ray (SEM/EDX). After the laser interaction, the Material Removed Zone (MRZ) and Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) are observed on the cut surface. In MRZ, it is found that the glassy layer is thickened by an increasing amount of silicate-based materials in cement-based materials. In addition, it concluded that the amount of silicate-based material mixed in the cement-based materials affects the laser cutting quality.

scholarly journals Influence of cutting parameters on the quality of the cut surfaces of steel swith a laser beam

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Dobre Runchev ◽  
Filip Zdraveski ◽  
Irena Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Laser Cutting ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Thermal Cutting ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Cut Surface

The main objective of the research covered in this paper is to present results for the quality of surfaces thermally cut with a laser beam. The variety of steel materials used as samples on which laser cutting is performed are the following Č.0146 (1.0330), Č.0147 (1.0333), Č.2131 (1.5024), SS Ferbec CR, HARDOX 450 and HARDOX 550. Thermal cutting is carried out with a CNC controlled Fiber laser BAYKAL type BLS–F–1530. The quality of the cut surface is analyzed based on varying the power of the laser beam, changing cutting speed and the type of additional gas (oxygen, air and nitrogen). By visual inspection, measuring the roughness of the cut surface and measuring the width of the intersection, it is determined the influence of the factors like type of the base material, type of gases, the power of thelaser beam and the cutting speed, in accordance with the standards DIN EN ISO 9013-2002 and the JUS C.T3.022.

Effects of Laser Cutting Main Parameters on Microhardness and Microstructure Changes of Stainless Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 811-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imed Miraoui ◽  
Mohamed Boujelbene ◽  
Emin Bayraktar
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Laser Power ◽  
Laser Cutting ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Surface Microstructure ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Microhardness And Microstructure ◽  
Cut Surface

Laser cutting of materials is becoming the preferred method of cutting. It has many advantages over conventional machining techniques such as better quality of cuts, quick and accurate cutting. The objective of this work is to investigate the effect of the main input laser cutting parameters, laser power and cutting speed, on the microhardness of stainless steel sheets obtained by CO2 laser cutting. The experimental tests were performed at various laser powers and cutting speeds. The cut surface was studied based on microhardness depth profiles beneath the machined surface. In order to investigate the metallurgical alterations beneath the cut surface, the microstructure was observed by using scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the microhardness and the surface microstructure are affected by laser cutting. Laser cutting leads to the formation of periodic striations and cracks. Also the main parameters of cutting, laser power and cutting speed, have an effect on surface microstructure and microhardness.

scholarly journals Rapid Prototyping of Art Sculptural Shapes According to the Sample

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saša Živanović ◽  
Slobodan Tabaković ◽  
Saša Radjelović
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Laser Cutting ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Thermal Cutting ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Cut Surface

The main objective of the research covered in this paper is to present results for the quality of surfaces thermally cut with a laser beam. The variety of steel materials used as samples on which laser cutting is performed are the following Č.0146 (1.0330), Č.0147 (1.0333), Č.2131 (1.5024), SS Ferbec CR, HARDOX 450 and HARDOX 550. Thermal cutting is carried out with a CNC controlled Fiber laser BAYKAL type BLS–F–1530. The quality of the cut surface is analyzed based on varying the power of the laser beam, changing cutting speed and the type of additional gas (oxygen, air and nitrogen). By visual inspection, measuring the roughness of the cut surface and measuring the width of the intersection, it is determined the influence of the factors like type of the base material, type of gases, the power of thelaser beam and the cutting speed, in accordance with the standards DIN EN ISO 9013-2002 and the JUS C.T3.022.

scholarly journals High-Power Fiber Laser Cutting for 50-mm-Thick Cement-Based Materials

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngjin Seo ◽  
Dongkyoung Lee ◽  
Sukhoon Pyo
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Laser Cutting ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Multimode Fiber ◽  
Ultra High Performance Concrete ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Water To Cement Ratio ◽  
Cement Based Materials

This experimental research highlights the applicability of laser cutting to cement-based materials using multimode fiber lasers. A 9 kW multimode fiber laser is used, and the experimental variables are the water-to-cement ratio, laser speed, and material compositions such as cement paste, cement mortar and ultra high performance concrete (UHPC). The laser cutting performance on the cement-based materials is investigated in the downward laser direction. The kerf width and penetration depth of the cement-based materials are quantitatively evaluated with the parameters in the surface and cross section of the specimens after the laser cutting. Moreover, the material removal zone of each specimen is compared in terms of the penetration shapes in the cross-sectional view. Based on experimental observations, the interaction mechanism between the laser and cement-based materials is proposed.

scholarly journals High-Power Laser Cutting of Steel Plates: Heat Affected Zone Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imed Miraoui ◽  
Mohamed Boujelbene ◽  
Mouna Zaied
Keyword(s):  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Laser Power ◽  
Laser Cutting ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
Laser Beam Diameter ◽  
Melted Zone ◽  
Zone Depth ◽  
Cut Surface

The thermal effect of CO2high-power laser cutting on cut surface of steel plates is investigated. The effect of the input laser cutting parameters on the melted zone depth (MZ), the heat affected zone depth (HAZ), and the microhardness beneath the cut surface is analyzed. A mathematical model is developed to relate the output process parameters to the input laser cutting parameters. Three input process parameters such as laser beam diameter, cutting speed, and laser power are investigated. Mathematical models for the melted zone and the heat affected zone depth are developed by using design of experiment approach (DOE). The results indicate that the input laser cutting parameters have major effect on melted zone, heat affected zone, and microhardness beneath cut surface. The MZ depth, the HAZ depth, and the microhardness beneath cut surface increase as laser power increases, but they decrease with increasing cutting speed. Laser beam diameter has a negligible effect on HAZ depth but it has a remarkable effect on MZ depth and HAZ microhardness. The melted zone depth and the heat affected zone depth can be reduced by increasing laser cutting speed and decreasing laser power and laser beam diameter.

scholarly journals The interaction of high-power fiber laser irradiation with intrusive rocks

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngjin Seo ◽  
Dongkyoung Lee ◽  
Sukhoon Pyo
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Laser Cutting ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Intrusive Rocks ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Volume Energy ◽  
Edx Analyses ◽  
Melted Material ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractLaser cutting of intrusive rocks, including granite, gabbro, and diorite, is carried out in order to assess the cut characteristics through geometrical measurements, such as kerf width, melting width, and penetration depth. The absorption rate for each specimen at the wavelength of 1064 nm is measured using a spectrophotometer. A multimode fiber laser is used in this study with the power of 9 kW and different cutting speeds. Furthermore, nitrogen gas at 13 bar is applied as the assistant gas in order to remove the melted material effectively. As a result of the experiment, the relationship between the cutting speed and geometrical measurements is investigated. Furthermore, variations of penetration depth are performed in accordance with the number of laser cuts. In addition, through energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) element mapping, minerals that comprise the rocks are classified and characterized. Subsequently, the changes in the microstructure and chemical composition of each specimen, before and after laser cutting, are compared using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and EDX analyses. Experimental results demonstrate that the cutting characteristics vary, depending on the types of minerals that make up the rock. Based on a series of tests, it is identified that volume energy of more than 3.06E + 13 $$\mathrm{J}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$$ J / m 3 is required to fully cut intrusive rocks that have a thickness of 25 mm.

scholarly journals Analysis of neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser and experimental prospects for cutting micro-thin black walnut veneers in industry

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 2416-2432
Author(s):  
Bakary S. Doumbia ◽  
Chunmei Yang ◽  
Yan Ma ◽  
Ting Jiang ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Laser Power ◽  
Laser Cutting ◽  
Yttrium Aluminum Garnet ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Kerf Width ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Cut Surface

By structurally and practically analyzing the use of Nd: YAG laser for cutting black walnut veneer, this study considered practical and environmental concerns regarding the global warming protection measures. A numerical model of laser wood veneer cutting was based on the relation between process parameters and the material thickness. A pulsed Nd: YAG was used to cut black walnut veneer of 0.3 mm thickness under different machining conditions regarding laser power and cutting speed to study the cut kerf width. An analysis of variance was conducted to test the significance of machining parameters. The parameters studied were laser power, cutting speed, kerf width, cut surface, safety, and eco-friendliness. The results showed that the kerf width decreased significantly with increased cut speed and, inversely, by laser output power. An efficient cut with a narrow kerf, clean and smooth, with less burn, was possible at laser cutting speeds of 2.5, 5.0, and 5.5 mm/s with kerf widths of 0.544, 0.69, 0.62 mm, respectively. As multiple factors affect the micro-thin wood laser cutting process, finding the optimal process parameters is crucial for successful machining with no burn effect.

Deformation Replication

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 280-281
Author(s):  
J. Temple Black
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Rake Face ◽  
Orthogonal Machining ◽  
Aluminum Chips ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Glass Knife ◽  
Very High

Tool materials used in ultramicrotomy are glass, developed by Latta and Hartmann (1) and diamond, introduced by Fernandez-Moran (2). While diamonds produce more good sections per knife edge than glass, they are expensive; require careful mounting and handling; and are time consuming to clean before and after usage, purchase from vendors (3-6 months waiting time), and regrind. Glass offers an easily accessible, inexpensive material ($0.04 per knife) with very high compressive strength (3) that can be employed in microtomy of metals (4) as well as biological materials. When the orthogonal machining process is being studied, glass offers additional advantages. Sections of metal or plastic can be dried down on the rake face, coated with Au-Pd, and examined directly in the SEM with no additional handling (5). Figure 1 shows aluminum chips microtomed with a 75° glass knife at a cutting speed of 1 mm/sec with a depth of cut of 1000 Å lying on the rake face of the knife.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE CO2 LASER CUTTING OF NOVEL POLYAMIDE 6/FLUOROELASTOMER THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERIC BLENDS

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shib Shankar Banerjee ◽  
Anil K. Bhowmick
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Co2 Laser ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Laser Power ◽  
Laser Cutting ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Dynamic Vulcanization

ABSTRACT The application of the low-power CO2 laser-cutting process to fluoroelastomer (FKM), polyamide 6 (PA6), PA6/FKM thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs), and their thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) is reported. The main laser process parameters studied were laser power, cutting speed, and material thickness. The value of the top and bottom widths of the slit that were formed during laser cutting (kerf width), melted transverse area, and melted volume per unit time were measured and analyzed. Interestingly, TPE showed a smaller melted area and melted volume per unit time when compared with those values with PA6. Dynamic vulcanization further decreased these values. For example, the melted areas of PA6 and TPE were 510 × 10−3 mm2 and 305 × 10−3 mm2, respectively, which reduced to 238 × 10−3 mm2 for TPV at 40 W laser power. FKM showed the lowest value (melted area of 180 × 10−3 mm2). In addition, the output quality of the cut surface was examined by measuring the root mean square (RMS) roughness of the cut edges and heat-affected zone (HAZ). The obtained results indicated that the dimension of the HAZ and RMS roughness largely decreased in TPE when compared with PA6. For example, the HAZ of PA6 was 700 μm, which decreased to 230 μm for TPE at 40 W laser power. On the other hand, HAZ was nonexistent for FKM. Infrared spectroscopic analysis showed that there was no structural change of TPE or pristine polymers after applying the low-power CO2 laser on the surface of materials. CO2 laser cutting will be a new technique in this industry, and this analysis will assist the manufacturing industry to choose a suitable laser system with exhaustive information of process parameters for cutting or machining of rubber, TPEs, and TPVs.

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