scholarly journals Recycling of Waste Materials for Asphalt Concrete and Bitumen: A Review

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Tareq Rahman ◽  
Abbas Mohajerani ◽  
Filippo Giustozzi
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Glass Waste ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Materials Recycling ◽  
Oil Fuel

Waste management has become an issue of increasing concern worldwide. These products are filling landfills and reducing the amount of livable space. Leachate produced from landfills contaminates the surrounding environment. The conventional incineration process releases toxic airborne fumes into the atmosphere. Researchers are working continuously to explore sustainable ways to manage and recycle waste materials. Recycling and reuse are the most efficient methods in waste management. The pavement industry is one promising sector, as different sorts of waste are being recycled into asphalt concrete and bitumen. This paper provides an overview of some promising waste products like high-density polyethylene, marble quarry waste, building demolition waste, ground tire rubber, cooking oil, palm oil fuel ash, coconut, sisal, cellulose and polyester fiber, starch, plastic bottles, waste glass, waste brick, waste ceramic, waste fly ash, and cigarette butts, and their use in asphalt concrete and bitumen. Many experts have investigated these waste materials and tried to find ways to use this waste for asphalt concrete and bitumen. In this paper, the outcomes from some significant research have been analyzed, and the scope for further investigation is discussed.

Use of Wastes in Developing Mortar – A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 935 ◽  
pp. 146-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivakumar Naganathan ◽  
Sonny Silvadanan ◽  
Tang Yew Chung ◽  
Mark Francis Nicolasselvam ◽  
Sivadass Thiruchelvam
Keyword(s):  
Corn Cob ◽  
Glass Waste ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Cathode Ray Tube ◽  
Oil Fuel ◽  
Quarry Dust ◽  
Masonry Mortar ◽  
The Ideal

This paper is a literature review about the use of wastes in masonry mortar. Wastes such as wood waste ash, municipal solid waste, ground waste seashells, glass waste, fly ash, corn cob ash and palm oil fuel ash are used to replace cement as the binding material. Wastes of Cathode Ray Tube (CRTs) glass, plastic waste, construction demolition wastes, foundry sand and quarry dust are used as a replacement for fine aggregates. Additives such as recycled copper tailings and animal proteins also improve the properties of masonry mortar. It is learnt that certain percentages of wastes can be used as substitutes for binding materials and fine aggregates and therefore the ideal amount of waste can be determined.

scholarly journals Chemical and Fresh State Properties of Foamed Concrete Incorporating Palm Oil Fuel Ash and Eggshell Ash as Cement Replacement

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.30) ◽  
pp. 350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sufian Kamaruddin ◽  
Wan Inn Goh ◽  
Ashfaque Ahmed Jhatial ◽  
Muhammad Tahir Lakhiar
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Fresh State ◽  
Foamed Concrete ◽  
Chemical Analysis Result ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Oil Fuel

Malaysia faces three major environmental problems, out of which solid waste and management is one of them. Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) and eggshells are two agro-food waste materials which are produced in enormous quantities in Malaysia. Due to the characteristics possessed by eggshells and POFA, these waste materials can potentially be utilized in the production as cement replacement, reducing the use of cement which is one of the major production of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) gas emissions. This study was conducted to determine the chemical and fresh state properties of foamed concrete incorporating POFA and eggshell ash (ESA) as cement replacement. Based upon the results, it was observed that the increase in usage amount of POFA and ESA as cement replacement, the workability of foamed concrete reduced without blocking. For the chemical analysis result shows the POFA which had high amount of silicon dioxide and ESA having large amount of calcium oxide were compatible and could be used together as cement replacement. The use of ESA and POFA as cement replacement to reduce the cement consumption with various percentage of ESA (0% - 15%) and POFA (20% - 35%) in 1800 kg/m3 density of foamed concrete.

scholarly journals Study on Mechanical Properties of Foamed Concrete Incorporating Palm Oil Fuel Ash and Mussel Shell as Partial Cement Replacement

2021 ◽  
Vol 1200 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
A F Rahman ◽  
W I Goh ◽  
N H Othman ◽  
M S Kamaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Mussel Shell ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Foamed Concrete ◽  
Partial Cement Replacement ◽  
Oil Fuel

Abstract Concept of sustainable construction has gradually become one of the concern issues in our construction industry in recent years. Concrete which acts as an important construction material has contributed to excessive consumption of natural resources. Simultaneously, tonnes of waste materials were produced from agricultural activity in form of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) while mussel shell from marine hatchery. Utilization of agricultural waste as cement replacement is an option to reduce the environmental impact from the construction industry. In this study, these waste materials were used as partial cement replacement to produce foamed concrete in wet density of 1800 kg/m3. The main purpose of this research is to study the workability and mechanical properties of foamed concrete which contain uniform 20% of POFA combined with 5% to 10% of mussel shell powder (MSP) and mussel shell ash (MSA) respectively. The cube specimens were cast in dimension 100 mm x 100 mm x100 mm to test the compressive strength at 7th and 28th. The cylinder specimens were cast in 100 mm diameter x 200 mm diameter for split tensile test to determine the tensile strength and compression test to determine modulus of elasticity at 28th day. The result showed workability of foamed concrete decreased as more cement was replaced by POFA combined with MSP and MSA. Foamed concrete mixture with 20% POFA and 5% MSP was selected as optimum percentage of cement replacement due to reduction less than 5% compromised performance in compressive strength at 16.52MPa while tensile strength at 1.83MPa.

scholarly journals Concrete Containing Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) and Oil Palm Shell (OPS) Subjected to Elevated Temperatures

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.Y. Jong ◽  
D. C. L. Teo
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Concrete Specimen ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Oil Palm Shell ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Oil Fuel ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Construction

 Nowadays, waste products such as Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) and Oil Palm Shell (OPS) are produced in large quantities from the agriculture industry on a daily basis. Improper disposal of the agriculture wastes at landfills contributes to environmental pollution. The cost of construction material increases when the demand is high. Therefore, reutilization of these waste products not only reduces the cost of construction material but also minimizes waste disposal problem. In this research, waste POFA and OPS as cement and aggregate replacement respectively are used to produce a ?greener? concrete. This paper presents the effects of elevated temperatures on POFA OPS concrete. A concrete made from OPS aggregates (0% POFA) was also produced as a comparison. From the results obtained, it was observed that the formation of hair-line cracks on the surface of POFA OPS concrete specimen was less visible than OPS concrete specimen. All concrete specimens experience mass loss after being subjected to elevated temperatures. In terms of compressive strength, both OPS concrete and POFA OPS concrete specimen experienced a decrease in strength after being subjected to elevated temperatures. However, the POFA OPS concrete specimen showed better strength performance as compared to OPS concrete specimen at elevated temperatures of 200˚C to 500 ˚C.

scholarly journals Utilization of Palm Oil Fuel Ash and Eggshell Powder as Partial Cement Replacement - A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashfaque Ahmed Jhatial ◽  
Wan Inn Goh ◽  
Noridah Mohamad ◽  
Samiullah Sohu ◽  
Muhammad Tahir Lakhiar
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Calcium Hydride ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Partial Cement Replacement ◽  
Oil Fuel ◽  
By Products

The increase in population leads to increase in construction of houses and other buildings to accommodate these people. The extensive use of concrete for constructional purposes leads to release of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) gas into the atmosphere which adds to the already increased global warming. The increase in urbanization has also lead to increased generation of waste materials. These waste materials are by-products, which are disposed in landfills causing environmental and health issues. The utilization of agricultural wastes as cement substitute is a great alternative for reducing the use and production of cement, which contributes to 5% to 7% of global CO2 emissions alone. Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) Eggshells are two major agricultural wastes, which are generated in abundance in Malaysia. This paper reviews the combined utilization of Eggshells Powder (ESP) and POFA as potential partial cement replacement material and development of bio-concrete, which may help in reducing the environmental issues that are caused by the agricultural by-products. They have been used successfully but individually in concrete. The pozzolanic activity triggered by POFA requires Calcium Hydroxide which cement provides to a limit. Eggshells when grinded into Eggshells Powder (ESP) are rich in calcium oxide and can provide the required calcium hydride and enhance the pozzolanic reaction.

A mini review of construction and demolition waste management in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 708-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Humam Zaim Faruqi ◽  
Faisal Zia Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Hierarchical Control ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Information Framework ◽  
Processing Mechanism

The growth of the Indian construction sector is expected to result in a significant demand–supply gap with respect to construction materials such as sand, limestone, and aggregates. Additionally, the vast quantity of unprocessed Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste pose serious problems in some places, particularly in residential, institutional, industrial or commercial construction hotspots. While several waste quantification methodologies have been proposed in the literature, the quantification of waste generation in India is inadequate. This inadequacy can be attributed to the lack of appropriate hierarchical control mechanism, absence of a common C&D waste estimation method, and the lack of C&D waste processing knowledge among generators, collectors, operators, regulators, and the general public. The C&D Waste Management Rules 2016 were introduced to ensure organized collection, storage, transportation, treatment/processing, and disposal of C&D waste in India and fix responsibilities of all stakeholders for management of C&D waste. This comprehensive research attempts to analyze the existing legislation and challenges, and proposes an information framework for organized collection, storage, treatment/processing, and disposal of C&D waste. The C&D waste processing mechanism, potential application of recycled C&D waste products, its limitations, and the best practices of C&D waste management in India are important constituents of the proposed framework.

scholarly journals Suitability of demolition waste as a landfill liner material – An experimental approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Devika ◽  
K.V. Hareesh ◽  
Samuel Baby ◽  
Muhammed Shiyas
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Liner Material ◽  
Landfill Liner ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Marine Areas

Waste management is the term that refers to the collection, processing, recycling, transport and monitoring of waste products. Various methods of waste management like incineration and recycling have been introduced recently. A landfill liner, or composite liner, is a low permeable barrier, which is laid down under engineered landfill sites. Until it deteriorates, the liner retards migration of leachate, and its toxic constituents, into underlying aquifers or nearby rivers, causing spoliation of the local water. The efficient use of low cost, reliable and durable materials is very much essential for modern practices of construction. Demolition waste is the waste debris obtained from destruction of buildings, roads, bridges or other structures. Bentonite is a type of clay that has an ability to swell and gel when dispersed in water which is used in construction, mainly in excavation and foundation works. Dredged marine clay is a type of clay found in coastal regions across the world. This can be obtained from coastal and marine areas with the help of dredgers. This project includes an investigation into the feasibility of combining demolished waste materials with dredged marine clay and bentonite to study the suitability of a landfill liner by experimental approach. When demolished waste was mixed with dredged marine clay, it did not satisfy the conditions required for the landfill but when combining the demolition waste with bentonite, the criteria was satisfied and the perfect mix was obtained. Keywords— Dredged marine clay, Bentonite, Demolition waste, Landfill, Landfill liner

scholarly journals Implementation of 3R Principle in Construction and Demolition Waste Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 667-672
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Building Site ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Management Concepts ◽  
Construction Type

Building and demolition of structures are common in developing nations owing to fast urbanization taking place. These operations produce an enormous quantity of waste products that are detrimental to the environment, requiring an efficient method of waste management. Construction and Demolition Waste Management (C&DWM) methods frequently embrace the 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) principle for suitable waste management in construction sites. Managing different waste in separate areas of the industry seems very important nowadays. Most contemporary Western counties around the globe set separate laws to reduce and handle the quantity of waste in various areas of their industries as well. However, waste manufacturing is inevitable in the building sector, and no building site is less waste. Different kinds of waste in building sites can cause infinite social and environmental issues. It seems crystal clear that there is a huge need for waste management in such a scenario. A fresh idea on building waste management has been suggested in latest years is "3R" concept, which is based on three key waste management concepts such as reuse, recycle and reduce. Waste management was discussed in the introduction chapter. Then Construction type of waste was evaluated after Managing was reviewed, then various kinds of waste followed by how to do energy recovery through "3R" principles and lastly how to execute energy recovery through the "3R" principles mentioned. Hopefully the content of this article will benefit various individuals in charge of building projects.

Community Based 3R Waste Management Strategy (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) Bantas Village, Selemadeg Timur District, Tabanan Regency

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (09) ◽  
pp. 21041-21049 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Putu Sudana Satria Artha ◽  
Nyoman Utari Vipriyanti ◽  
I Putu Sujana
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Inorganic Waste

Garbage can be interpreted as a consequence of the activities of human life. It is undeniable, garbage will always be there as long as life activities continue to run. Every year, it can be ascertained that the volume of waste will always increase along with the increasing pattern of public consumerism. The landfill which is increasingly polluting the environment requires a technique and management to manage waste into something useful and of economic value, Bantas Village, Selemadeg Timur District, Tabanan Regency currently has a Waste Management Site (TPS3R) managed by Non-Governmental Organizations (KSM ) The source of waste comes from Households, Stalls, Restaurant Entrepreneurs, Schools, Offices and Ceremonies which are organic and inorganic waste. The waste management system at Bantas Lestari TPS with 3R system is Reduce (reduction of waste products starts from the source), Reuse (reuse for waste that can be reused) and Recycle (recycling waste) to date it is still running but not optimal. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative with data analysis using SWOT analysis. This study produces a Waste Management Strategy which is the result of research from the management aspect, aspects of human resources and aspects of infrastructure facilities.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Padat Abu Cangkang dan Serat Kelapa Sawit dari Boiler untuk Pembuatan Bata Beton Ringan

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-128
Author(s):  
Haspiadi Haspiadi ◽  
Kurniawaty Kurniawaty
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Water Absorption Capacity ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Oil Fuel

Research of  the utilization solid waste of palm oil fuel ash from boiler as row materials  for manufacturing light concrete brick has been conducted. The main objective of this study is to investigate the potential use solid waste of palm oil fuel ash from palm oil mill boilers as row materials for manufacturing light concrete brick has recently attracted for an alternative environmentally sustainable application. In this study, light concrete brick made with various proportions of palm oil fuel ash from palm oil mill boilers and sand were fabricated and studied under laboratory scales. Percentage of palm oil fuel ash of 0% as a control,  10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, replacement  sand, wheras others materials such as Portland cement, lime, gypsum, foaming agent and aluminium with the numbers constant. The quality of light concreate brick   were applied followed by the compressive strength test, density and water absorption capacity. The study discovered that the compressive strength for all composition meet the recommended value to light structural of 6.89 MPa as prescribed in SNI 03-3449-2002. In the same manner density of light concrete brick for all proportion under the maximum density recommended value of 1400 Kg/m3 according to SNI 03-3449-2002. While water absorption capacity of increased by the increasing use of ashes. Therefore, palm oil fuel ash from boiler can be used as raw material for the light concrete brick which is  environmental friendly because using solid waste and also an alternative handling solid waste.ABSTRAKPenelitian pemanfaatan limbah padat abu cangkang dan serat kelapa sawit dari boiler sebagai bahan baku pembuatan bata beton ringan telah dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah pemanfaatan limbah padat abu boiler berbahan bakar cangkang dan serat sebagai bahan pembuatan bata beton ringan sebagai salah satu alternatif pengelolaan lingkungan yang bekelanjutan. Dalam penelitian ini, bata beton ringan dibuat dengan berbagai komposisi abu boiler dan pasir yang diproduksi dalam  skala laboratorium. Persentase dari abu berturut-turut 0% sebagai kontrol, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% dan 60% mensubtitusi pasir, sedangkan bahan lain yaitu semen, kapur, gypsum,  foaming  agent serta aluminium pasta dengan jumlah tetap. Mutu bata beton ringan yang diujikan adalah kuat tekan, bobot jenis dan daya serap air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kuat tekan untuk semua komposisi memenuhi batas minimum yang dipersyaratkan untuk stuktural ringan yaitu 6,89 MPa sesuai SNI 03-3449-2002. Demikian pula bobot jenis dari bata ringan yang dihasilkan masih dibawah dari batas maksimum yang direkomendasikan SNI 03-3449-2002 yaitu maksimal 1400 Kg/m3. Sedangkan daya serap air mengalami kenaikan dengan naiknya jumlah abu yang digunakan . Limbah padat abu boiler berbahan bakar cangkang dan serat sawit dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan bata beton ringan yang ramah lingkungan dengan memanfaatkan limbah dan menjadi salah satu alternatif pengelolaan limbah. Kata kunci :  Abu cangkang kelapa sawit,  bata beton ringan, bobot jenis,  daya serap air,  limbah,  kuat tekan

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