Steatite Powder Additives in Wood-Cement Drywall Particleboards

The objective of this study was to develop a new drywall wood-based particleboard as an alternative to gypsum board. Various development iterations have led to the use of wood particles, steatite powder and Portland cement. The resulting outcome shows that screw withdrawal resistance was improved by 37% and bending properties by 69% compared to gypsum board of a similar density (0.68–0.70). The raw surface of the boards is of good quality and comparable to the paper-faced surface of gypsum board. Furthermore, the reaction to fire was evaluated through bench-scale test with a cone calorimeter. The investigated particleboard did not reveal visual signs of combustion after 20 min when exposed to a radiant heat of 50 kW/m2, while burning of the overlay paper of gypsum board occurred at about 57 s, suggesting that wood-cement-steatite powder particleboard could be classified as a quasi non-combustible material.

Download Full-text

SIFAT MEKANIK PAPAN GYPSUM DARI SERBUK LIMBAH KAYU NON KOMERSIAL

Jurnal Riset Industri Hasil Hutan ◽

10.24111/jrihh.v6i2.1231 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Saibatul Hamdi

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Wood Particle ◽

Quality Standards ◽

Gypsum Board ◽

Average Value ◽

Wood Particles ◽

Sawn Timber ◽

Materials Used ◽

Artocarpus Elasticus ◽

Ficus Glomerata

The purpose of this research is to know the mechanical strength of gypsum board by utilizing waste sawn wood. Raw materials used consist of flour, gypsum,wood particles, boraks and kambang (Goniothalamus sp), wood tarap (Artocarpus elasticus REINW) and lua (Ficus glomerata ROXB). Wood particle 40 mesh and 60 mesh, concentrations boraks of 1 and 2 and the percentage particles of gypsum sawn timber is 300, 400 and 500%. The results showed that the average value Modulus of Rufture (MoR) in lua wood ranges from 12.55 – 14,47 kgcm2, wood kambang 25.10-31,11 kgcm2 and wood tarap 19.20- 24,18 kgcm2. As for Modulus of Elasticity (MoE) on the lua 1129,80- 2092,70 kgcm2, wood kambang 2512,37-3971,32 kgcm2 and tarap 2050,63-2691,09 kgcm2. Gypsum board are mechanical properties do not meet quality standards created SNI 03-6434-2000.Keywords: sawdust, lua, kambang, tarap, gypsum, mechanical

Download Full-text

Removal of nitrogen from coal gasification wastewater by nitrosofication and denitrosofication

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1998.0011 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 39-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Junxin Liu ◽

Weiguang Li ◽

Xiuheng Wang ◽

Hongyuan Liu ◽

Baozhen Wang

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Coal Gasification ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Test Results ◽

New Process ◽

Scale Test ◽

Coal Gasification Wastewater ◽

Total Nitrogen Removal ◽

Biological Nitrogen ◽

Bench Scale Test

In this paper, a study of a new process with nitrosofication and denitrosofication for nitrogen removal from coal gasification wastewater is reported. In the process, fibrous carriers were packed in an anoxic tank and an aerobic tank for the attached growth of the denitrifying bacteria and Nitrobacter respectively, and the suspended growth activated sludge was used in an aerobic tank for the growth of Nitrosomonas. A bench scale test has been carried out on the process, and the test results showed that using the process, 25% of the oxygen demand and 40% of the carbon source demand can be saved, and the efficiency of total nitrogen removal can increase over 10% as compared with a traditional process for biological nitrogen removal.

Download Full-text

Factors Influencing SO2 Removal Efficiency by Electron Beam Processing of Coal-Fired Flue Gas Treatment

Energy & Environment ◽

10.1177/0958305x9800900506 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 535-547 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ryunosuke Kikuchi

Keyword(s):

Electron Beam ◽

Flue Gas ◽

Electron Beam Irradiation ◽

Gas Treatment ◽

So2 Removal ◽

Electron Beam Processing ◽

Scale Test ◽

Sulphate Salts ◽

Flue Gas Treatment ◽

Bench Scale Test

A bench-scale test (800 Nm3/h) for electron beam treatment of flue gas was conducted. It was concluded that the method is favourable for treatment of flue gas with a high SO2 concentration (5,500 ppm) at low electron beam irradiation (5 kGy). Results are consistent with the claim that SOx is removed from flue gas by the reaction of SOx with ammonia, and the intermediate salts formed are oxidised by radicals to sulphate salts consisting mainly of ammonium sulphate (a N-fertiliser). A typical flue gas desulphurization (FGD) method such as the wet limestone process cannot remove NOx and SO3 effectively (Ando, 1990), but the electron beam process removes SO2, SO3 and NOx simultaneously without generating waste water and CO2.

Download Full-text

Solid Biomass to Medium CV Gas Conversion With Rich Combustion

Volume 3: Coal, Biomass, Hydrogen, and Alternative Fuels; Cycle Innovations; Electric Power; Industrial and Cogeneration; Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems ◽

10.1115/gt2019-90196 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Gordon E. Andrews ◽

Aysha Irshad ◽

Herodotus N. Phylaktou ◽

Bernard M. Gibbs

Keyword(s):

Cone Calorimeter ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Radiant Heat ◽

Exhaust Gas ◽

Sensible Heat ◽

Gas Temperature ◽

Heated Sample ◽

Fuel Feed ◽

The Rich ◽

Solid Biomass

Abstract A modified cone calorimeter for controlled atmosphere combustion was used to investigate the gases released from fixed bed rich combustion of solid biomass. The cone calorimeter was used with 50 kW/m2 of radiant heat that simulated a larger gasification system. The test specimen in the cone calorimeter is 100mm square and this sits on a load cell so that the mass burn rate can be determined. Pine wood was burned with fixed air ventilation that created rich combustion at 1.5–4 equivalence ratio, Ø. The raw exhaust gas was sampled using a multi-hole gas sample probe in a discharge chimney above the cone heater, connected via heated sample lines, filters and pumps to the heated Gasmet FTIR. The FTIR was calibrated for 60 species, including 40+ hydrocarbons. The hydrogen in the gas was computed from the measured CO concentration using the water-gas shift reaction. The exhaust gas temperature was also measured so that the sensible heat from the gasification zone was included in the energy balance. The GCV of the pine was 18.8 MJ/kgpine and at the optimum Ø the energy in the rich combustion zone gases was 14.5 MJ/kgpine, which is a 77% energy conversion from solid biomass to a gaseous fuel feed for potential gas turbine applications. This conversion efficiency is comparable with the best conventional gasification of biomass and higher than most published conversion efficiencies for coal gasifiers. Of the energy in the gas from the rich combustion 35% was from the CO, 20% from hydrogen, 35% from hydrocarbons and 10% sensible heat. Ash remained in the rich burning gasification zone. As the biomass is a carbon neutral fuel there is no need to convert the gasified gases to hydrogen, with the associated energy losses.

Download Full-text

Edge screw withdrawal resistance in conventional particleboard and OSB: Influence of the particles type

Glasnik Sumarskog fakulteta ◽

10.2298/gsf0795109m ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 109-117

Author(s):

Jovan Miljkovic ◽

Mladjan Popovic ◽

Milanka Djiporovic-Momcilovic ◽

Ivana Gavrilovic-Grmusa

Keyword(s):

Oriented Strand Board ◽

Layer Structure ◽

Middle Layer ◽

Root Diameter ◽

Mean Values ◽

Pilot Hole ◽

Wood Particles ◽

Screw Withdrawal ◽

Insight Into

This research was based on presumption that the changes in size and shape of wood particles are expected to have certain impact on the particleboard quality in general. Since the conventional particleboard (PB) and oriented strand board (OSB) were built of the quite diverse wood particles, they present interesting specimens in the comparison tests. In this work, the influence of the wood particles type on the edge screw holding performance of conventional particleboard and OSB was investigated. Those tests were obtained with the screw diameters of 4.0 mm, 4.5 mm and 5 mm. Depth of embedment was 30 mm for all tests and with the pilot-hole diameter kept in the range of 80-90% in respect of the screw root diameter. Additional tests of the thickness density profile and tensile strength perpendicular to the surface of the board were conducted. Since the middle layer structure of the particleboard embeds the screw body, both mentioned parameters are considered important in the aspect of the quality of the edge screw holding performance. In order to have further insight into the conformation of the middle layer the image survey was obtained on the split board section presenting the surface of the middle layer. Significant differences in the SWR performance of OSB and PB was recorded at all screw diameters. For the screw withdrawal tests parameters OSB samples showed 56-73% superior mean values then conventional PB. On the other hand, the OSB showed wider dispersions of measured withdrawal forces at all screw diameters, which might present some of the problems in certain engineering and project calculations.

Download Full-text

Remediation of brownfields contaminated by organic compounds and heavy metals: a bench-scale test of a sulfur/vermiculite sorbent for mercury vapor removal

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-020-10696-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (33) ◽

pp. 42182-42188

Author(s):

Pavel Topka ◽

Karel Soukup ◽

Vladimír Hejtmánek ◽

Ivo Hlásenský ◽

František Kaštánek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Mercury Vapor ◽

Bench Scale ◽

Scale Test ◽

Bench Scale Test

Download Full-text

97/04013 NOx-controlled combustion in a bench scale test facility

Fuel and Energy Abstracts ◽

10.1016/s0140-6701(97)81305-7 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 337

Keyword(s):

Test Facility ◽

Bench Scale ◽

Scale Test ◽

Bench Scale Test

Download Full-text

Remediation of PCB-Contaminated Soil Using Extraction and Destruction: Bench-Scale Test

Remediation Journal ◽

10.1002/rem.21478 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 117-125

Author(s):

Sidney Aluani ◽

Maria Cristina F. Spilborghs ◽

Rebecca H. H. Kim

Keyword(s):

Contaminated Soil ◽

Bench Scale ◽

Scale Test ◽

Bench Scale Test

Download Full-text

Heat Transfer in Cone Calorimeter Tests of Generic Wall Assemblies

Volume 8A: Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering ◽

10.1115/imece2013-63981 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Charles T. Aire ◽

David A. Torvi ◽

Elizabeth J. Weckman

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Fire Resistance ◽

Fire Safety ◽

Cone Calorimeter ◽

Full Scale ◽

Resistance Test ◽

Double Layers ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Gypsum Board ◽

Fire Resistance Test

It is critical for the construction industry to ensure that new building designs and materials, including wall and floor assemblies (e.g., a studded wall with insulation and drywall) provide an acceptable level of fire safety. A key fire safety requirement that is specified in building codes is the minimum fire resistance rating, which is a measure of the ability of an assembly to limit fire spread within a building. A manufacturer of building materials (e.g., insulation or drywall) is required to perform full-scale fire resistance furnace tests to determine the fire resistance ratings of assemblies that use their products. Fire resistance test facilities are very limited and these tests are very expensive to perform. Therefore, it can be difficult to properly assess the impact of changes to individual components on the overall fire performance of an assembly during the design process. As part of a project to develop methods of using small-scale fire test data to predict full-scale fire resistance test results, the heat transfer through scale models of common wall assembly designs was measured during cone calorimeter tests using an incident heat flux of 75 kW/m2. Wall assemblies consisting of single and double layers of 12.7 mm (1/2 in.) regular and lightweight gypsum board, and 15.9 mm (5/8 in.) type X gypsum board, along with mineral wool insulation and wood studs were tested. Temperature measurements made at various points within these assemblies are presented in this paper, and are discussed using results from thermal gravimetric analysis tests of the three types of gypsum board. Implications of this research to the development of heat transfer models and scaling relationships are also briefly discussed.

Download Full-text