scholarly journals The Influence of Diet on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Bacterial Biofilms in the Human Oral Cavity

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1444
Author(s):  
Ilona Rowińska ◽  
Adrianna Szyperska-Ślaska ◽  
Piotr Zariczny ◽  
Robert Pasławski ◽  
Karol Kramkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Oral Diseases

The article is a concise compendium of knowledge on the etiology of pathogenic microorganisms of all complexes causing oral diseases. The influence of particular components of the diet and the role of oxidative stress in periodontal diseases were described. The study investigated the bacteriostatic effect of the diet of adults in in vivo and in vitro tests on the formation of bacterial biofilms living in the subgingival plaque, causing diseases called periodontitis. If left untreated, periodontitis can damage the gums and alveolar bones. Anaerobic bacteria, called periopathogens or periodontopathogens, play a key role in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis. The most important periopathogens of the oral microbiota are bacteria of all complexes, including the red complex. The obtained results suggest the possibility of using a specific diet in the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases-already treated as a disease of civilization. The quoted article is an innovative compilation of knowledge on this subject and it can be a valuable source of knowledge for professional hygienists, dentists, peridontologists, dentistry students and anyone who cares about proper oral hygiene. The obtained results suggest the possibility of using this type of diet in the prophylaxis of the oral cavity in order to avoid periodontitis.

scholarly journals Effect of Ligilactobacillus salivarius and Other Natural Components against Anaerobic Periodontal Bacteria

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4519
Author(s):  
Marzena Kucia ◽  
Ewa Wietrak ◽  
Mateusz Szymczak ◽  
Paweł Kowalczyk
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

In this present study, the bacteriostatic effect of Salistat SGL03 and the Lactobacillus salivarius strain contained in it was investigated in adults in in vivo and in vitro tests on selected red complex bacteria living in the subgingival plaque, inducing a disease called periodontitis, i.e., chronic periodontitis. Untreated periodontitis can lead to the destruction of the gums, root cementum, periodontium, and alveolar bone. Anaerobic bacteria, called periopathogens or periodontopathogens, play a key role in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis. The most important periopathogens of the oral microbiota are: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola and others. Our hypothesis was verified by taking swabs of scrapings from the surface of the teeth of female hygienists (volunteers) on full and selective growth media for L. salivarius. The sizes of the zones of growth inhibition of periopathogens on the media were measured before (in vitro) and after consumption (in vivo) of Salistat SGL03, based on the disk diffusion method, which is one of the methods of testing antibiotic resistance and drug susceptibility of pathogenic microorganisms. Additionally, each of the periopathogens analyzed by the reduction inoculation method, was treated with L. salivarius contained in the SGL03 preparation and incubated together in Petri dishes. The bacteriostatic activity of SGL03 preparation in selected periopathogens was also analyzed using the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests. The obtained results suggest the possibility of using the Salistat SGL03 dietary supplement in the prophylaxis and support of the treatment of periodontitis—already treated as a civilization disease.

scholarly journals Beneficial Role of Antioxidant Secondary Metabolites from Medicinal Plants in Maintaining Oral Health

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Suraj Prakash ◽  
Radha ◽  
Neeraj Kumari ◽  
Ashok Pundir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Oral Diseases

Plant-derived phytochemicals have been touted as viable substitutes in a variety of diseases. All over the world, dentists have turned to natural remedies for dental cure due to the negative possessions of certain antibacterial mediators used in dentistry. Antimicrobial and other drugs are currently in use, but they show some side effects. Since ancient times, antioxidant EOs have been used for different ailments and have grown in popularity over time. Several in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials have shown the safety and effectiveness of antioxidant essential oils (EOs) in oral health obtained from medicinal plants. The current review of literature provides a summary of secondary metabolites, more specifically EOs from 20 most commonly used medicinal plants and their applications in maintaining oral health. Dental caries and periodontal diseases are the most common and preventable global infectious diseases, with diseases of the oral cavity being considered major diseases affecting a person’s health. Several clinical studies have shown a connection between oral diseases and oral microbiota. This review discusses the role of antioxidant secondary metabolites in inhibiting the growth of oral pathogens and reducing the formation of dental plaque, and as well as reducing the symptoms of oral diseases. This review article contributes a basic outline of essential oils and their healing actions.

Evaluation of an Ayurvedic toothpaste in a diabetic population

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-119
Author(s):  
Utgikar Neelima J ◽  
Kakar Ashish ◽  
Kakar Kanupriya ◽  
Dwivedi Prakash Dutt ◽  
Stewart Bernal A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Diabetic Population

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is present in almost every country around the world. Diabetics are known to suffer more from gingivitis/periodontitis than the general population. The projected increase in the diabetic population will only lead to an increase in oral diseases, such as gingivitis in this population. This study evaluates an Ayurvedic toothpaste for the control of gingivitis in a diabetic population. In vitro and in vivo evaluations were performed on this Ayurvedic toothpaste. The in vitro study used a well known anaerobic biofilm model. In the in vivo clinical studies, diabetic subjects were evaluated for plaque and gingivitis using classical methods. The subjects were also evaluated using traditional Ayurvedic endpoints, namely (gum bleeding), (inflammation), and (sponginess of gums).The results of these evaluations demonstrate that the Ayurvedic toothpaste has antibacterial efficacy against anaerobic bacteria. Its use by diabetic subjects resulted in a reduction in plaque and gingival indices in two separate studies lasting up to 6 months. In addition, there was an improvement in the Ayurvedic endpoints in these clinical studies as well. This study demonstrates that an Ayurvedic toothpaste has a positive oral health benefit in diabetic subjects who suffer from gingivitis.The research reported within demonstrates that this Ayurvedic toothpaste has a positive oral health benefit in diabetic subjects who suffer from gingivitis. It has also shown effectiveness against anaerobic bacteria that are responsible for periodontal infections.

scholarly journals Automated Caries Detection using a 3D Intraoral Scanner. An in Vivo Validation Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavroula Michou ◽  
Mathias S. Lambach ◽  
Panagiotis Ntovas ◽  
Ana R. Benetti ◽  
Azam Bakhshandeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Occlusal Caries ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Occlusal Caries Detection

Abstract The use of 3D intraoral scanners (IOS) and software that can support automated detection and objective monitoring of oral diseases such as caries, tooth wear or periodontal diseases is increasingly receiving attention from researchers and industry. This study clinically validates an automated caries scoring system for occlusal caries detection and classification, previously developed for an IOS system featuring fluorescence (TRIOS 4, 3Shape TRIOS A/S, Denmark). Four algorithms (ALG1, ALG2, ALG3, ALG4) are assessed for the IOS; the first three are based only on fluorescence information, while ALG4 also takes into account the tooth color information. The diagnostic performance of these automated algorithms is compared with the diagnostic performance of the clinical visual examination, while histological assessment is used as reference. Additionally, possible differences between in vitro and in vivo diagnostic performance of the IOS system are investigated. The algorithms show comparable in vivo diagnostic performance to the visual examination. Only minor differences between their in vitro and in vivo diagnostic performance are noted. This novel IOS system exhibits encouraging performance for clinical application on occlusal caries detection and classification. Different approaches can be investigated for possible optimization of the system.

scholarly journals The “Vitaminic-strategy” Against the Oral Bacteria S. Mutans and F. Nucleatum, Agents of Caries and Halitosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Pietrangelo ◽  
Irene Magnifico ◽  
Giulio Petronio Petronio ◽  
Marco Alfio Cutuli ◽  
Noemi Venditti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Oral Biofilms ◽  
Oral Preparation ◽  
Soft Tissue Inflammation

Abstract BackgroundThe oral cavity is one of the most complex human body environments. Indeed, the continuous variation of this habitat conditions reflects the high dynamism of the resident microbial community. Two key actors in the oral diseases are the bacteria Streptococcus mutans and Fusobacterium nucleatum, both implicated in the formation of oral biofilms and consequently in the generation of common pathologies such as caries and various gingival and soft tissue inflammation diseases. In addition, F. nucleatum is also implicated in the halitosis phenomenon, thanks to its demonstrated ability to produce as second metabolite the hydrogen sulphide (H2S), one of the volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) that, with methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) and the dimethyl sulphide (CH3SCH3)24, is produced by periodontopathic anaerobic bacteria and causes the awkward bad breath in halitosis patients.MethodsIn this study, the oral preparation Vea® Oris constituted only by vitamin E and capric/caprylic acid was evaluated as a potential treatment of caries and periodontal diseases; the effect of the product at different concentrations on the growth and the ability of both strains to form biofilm was investigated. Regarding to F. nucleatum also the influence of Vea® Oris on the production of H2S was evaluated. ResultsOur in vitro results suggested that the Vea® Oris treatment could considerably reduce the growth and biofilm formation of both S. mutans and F. nucleatum. For F. nucleatum an appreciable reduction of the H2S production can be also obtained. ConclusionsOverall, this study highlighted the potential of Vea® Oris as a more “natural” adjuvant to prevent the biofilm and plaque formation and to reduce the smelly odour of halitosis.

scholarly journals Hydrogel Containing an Extract of Tormentillae Rhizoma for the Treatment of Biofilm-Related Oral Diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Tomczyk ◽  
Katarzyna Sosnowska ◽  
Małgorzata Pleszczyńska ◽  
Jakub Strawa ◽  
Adrian Wiater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Work Of Adhesion ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins ◽  
Texture Characteristics ◽  
Artificial Biofilm ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Dried Extract

In the present study, hydrogels containing the dried extract of tormentil ( Potentilla erecta (L.) Raeusch., Rosaceae) were designed and qualitatively evaluated regarding their viscosity, thixotropy, and texture properties. As mucoadhesiveness is a crucial factor determining drug retention within the oral cavity, mucoadhesive properties expressed as the work of adhesion and maximum detachment force under the presence of porcine buccal mucosa and two different models of mucoadhesive layers: mucin and gelatin discs were evaluated. The fingerprints of the analyzed tormentil extract were established by using a LC-ESI-MS method. The dominating compounds of the tested extract are oligomeric proanthocyanidins and agrimoniin. This study reveals that designed hydrogels are promising semi-solid delivery systems for the dry extract of tormentil with beneficial mucoadhesive, thixotropic, and texture characteristics and may be utilized as platforms for tormentil delivery to the oral cavity in periodontal diseases. In vitro evaluation of the efficacy of the tormentil hydrogel against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans biofilms was also performed. The hydrogel significantly reduced artificial biofilm formation. For all Streptococci, complete inhibition was revealed at a final concentration of the extract of 2 mg/mL. These beneficial characteristics, as well as the anti-biofilm activity, enable its use for dental care, but further clinical studies are required.

scholarly journals In Vitro Tests for a Rapid Evaluation of Antidiabetic Potential of Plant Species Containing Caffeic Acid Derivatives: A Validation by Two Well-Known Antidiabetic Plants, Ocimum gratissimum L. Leaf and Musanga cecropioides R. Br. ex Tedlie (Mu) Stem Bark

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 5566
Author(s):  
Abdulmomem Awwad ◽  
Patrick Poucheret ◽  
Yanis A. Idres ◽  
Damien S. T. Tshibangu ◽  
Adrien Servent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Cell Mortality ◽  
Myoblast Cells

Plant bioactive extracts represent a major resource for identifying drugs and adjuvant therapy for type 2 diabetes. To promote early screening of plants’ antidiabetic potential, we designed a four in vitro tests strategy to anticipate in vivo bioactivity. Two antidiabetic plants were studied: Ocimum gratissimum L. (Oc) leaf extract and Musanga cecropoides R. Br. ex Tedlie (Mu) stem bark extract. Chemical compositions were analyzed by LCMS and HPLC. Antidiabetic properties were measured based on (1) INS-1 cells for insulin secretion, (2) L6 myoblast cells for insulin sensitization (Glut-4 translocation), (3) L6 myoblast cells for protection against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) oxidative stress (cell mortality), and (4) liver microsomial fraction for glucose-6-phosphastase activity (G6P). Oc extract increased insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, whereas it decreased oxidative stress-induced cell mortality and G6P activity. Mu extract decreased insulin secretion and had no effect on insulin sensitivity or G6P activity, but it increased oxidative stress-induced cell mortality. Results were compared with NCRAE, an antidiabetic plant extract used as reference, previously characterized and reported with increased insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, protection against oxidative stress, and decreased G6P activity. The proposed set of four in vitro tests combined with chemical analysis provided insight into the interest in rapid early screening of plant extract antidiabetic potential to anticipate pharmaco-toxicological in vivo effects.

scholarly journals Polyphenol-Rich Extracts from Cotoneaster Leaves Inhibit Pro-Inflammatory Enzymes and Protect Human Plasma Components against Oxidative Stress In Vitro

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kicel ◽  
Joanna Kolodziejczyk-Czepas ◽  
Aleksandra Owczarek ◽  
Anna Marchelak ◽  
Malgorzata Sopinska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Human Blood Plasma ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Phenolic Profile ◽  
Extraction Solvent

The present study investigated the phenolic profile and biological activity of dry extracts from leaves of C. bullatus, C. zabelii and C. integerrimus—traditional medicinal and dietary plants—and evaluated their potential in adjunctive therapy of cardiovascular diseases. Complementary UHPLC-PDA-ESI-MS3, HPLC-PDA-fingerprint, Folin-Ciocalteu, and n-butanol/HCl assays of the extracts derived by fractionated extraction confirmed that they are rich in structurally diverse polyphenols (47 analytes, content up to 650.8 mg GAE/g dw) with proanthocyanidins (83.3–358.2 mg CYE/g) dominating in C. bullatus and C. zabelii, and flavonoids (53.4–147.8 mg/g) in C. integerrimus. In chemical in vitro tests of pro-inflammatory enzymes (lipoxygenase, hyaluronidase) inhibition and antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP), the extracts effects were dose-, phenolic- and extraction solvent-dependent. The most promising polyphenolic extracts were demonstrated to be effective antioxidants in a biological model of human blood plasma—at in vivo-relevant levels (1–5 µg/mL) they normalized/enhanced the non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity of plasma and effectively prevented peroxynitrite-induced oxidative/nitrative damage of plasma proteins and lipids. As demonstrated in cytotoxicity tests, the extracts were safe—they did not affect viability of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In conclusion, Cotoneaster leaves may be useful in development of natural-based products, supporting the treatment of oxidative stress/inflammation-related chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disorders.

Comparison of High Purity Factor IX Concentrates and a Prothrombin Complex Concentrate in a Canine Model of Thrombogenicity

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (05) ◽  
pp. 609-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
I R MacGregor ◽  
J M Ferguson ◽  
L F McLaughlin ◽  
T Burnouf ◽  
C V Prowse
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Prothrombin Complex Concentrate ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Albumin Infusion

SummaryA non-stasis canine model of thrombogenicity has been used to evaluate batches of high purity factor IX concentrates from 4 manufacturers and a conventional prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC). Platelets, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen, fibrin(ogen) degradation products and fibrinopeptide A (FPA) were monitored before and after infusion of concentrate. Changes in FPA were found to be the most sensitive and reproducible indicator of thrombogenicity after infusion of batches of the PCC at doses of between 60 and 180 IU/kg, with a dose related delayed increase in FPA occurring. Total FPA generated after 100-120 IU/kg of 3 batches of PCC over the 3 h time course was 9-12 times that generated after albumin infusion. In contrast the amounts of FPA generated after 200 IU/kg of the 4 high purity factor IX products were in all cases similar to albumin infusion. It was noted that some batches of high purity concentrates had short NAPTTs indicating that current in vitro tests for potential thrombogenicity may be misleading in predicting the effects of these concentrates in vivo.

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