scholarly journals Establishing the Carbonation Profile with Raman Spectroscopy: Effects of Fly Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1798
Author(s):  
Yanfei Yue ◽  
Jing Jing Wang ◽  
P. A. Muhammed Basheer ◽  
Yun Bai
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

Establishing the carbonation profile is of great significance to the prediction of the service life of reinforced concrete structures. In our previous work, Raman spectroscopy was shown to be an efficient tool for characterizing calcium carbonate (CaCO3) polymorphs and their profile in plain Portland cement (PC) matrices. However, as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), particularly fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), are widely used in concrete, establishing the carbonation profile without considering the possible effects of these SCMs could be of little significance to the real world. This paper, thus, investigated the effects of FA and GGBS on the working capacity and reliability of Raman spectroscopy for establishing the carbonation profile in PC blends containing SCMs. The thermogravimetry (TG) analysis was also conducted to verify the results from Raman spectroscopy. The results show that Raman spectroscopy demonstrated a good capacity for differentiating the variation of CaCO3 contents in FA or GGBS blends. However, the incorporation of FA and GGBS into the PC system caused some adverse effects on the quantification of CaCO3 by Raman spectroscopy, which could be attributed to the darker color and weak scatter nature of FA and the high content of glassy phases in GGBS.

scholarly journals Characterization of Supplementary Cementitious Materials and Fibers to Be Implemented in High Temperature Concretes for Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Application

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 5190
Author(s):  
Laura Boquera ◽  
David Pons ◽  
Ana Inés Fernández ◽  
Luisa F. Cabeza
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Iron Silicate ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

Six supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) were identified to be incorporated in concrete exposed to high-temperature cycling conditions within the thermal energy storage literature. The selected SCMs are bauxite, chamotte, ground granulated blast furnace slag, iron silicate, silica fume, and steel slag. A microstructural characterization was carried out through an optical microscope, X-ray diffraction analysis, and FT-IR. Also, a pozzolanic test was performed to study the reaction of SCMs silico-aluminous components. The formation of calcium silica hydrate was observed in all SCMs pozzolanic test. Steel slag, iron silicate, and ground granulated blast furnace slag required further milling to enhance cement reaction. Moreover, the tensile strength of three fibers (polypropylene, steel, and glass fibers) was tested after exposure to an alkalinity environment at ambient temperature during one and three months. Results show an alkaline environment entails a tensile strength decrease in polypropylene and steel fibers, leading to corrosion in the later ones.

scholarly journals Performa Beton Dengan Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Terhadap Sulfate Attack

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Rizki Amalia Tri Cahyani ◽  
Ernawan Setyono ◽  
Yunan Rusdianto
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Sulfate Attack ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

Serangan sulfat (sulfate attack) termasuk hal yang umum terjadi pada struktur beton, mengingat ion sulfat banyak dijumpai pada tanah, air tanah dan air laut. Peningkatan ketahanan beton melawan sulfat akan berdampak besar pada durabilitas dan umur layan struktur beton. Penambahan supplementary cementitious materials seperti GGBFS (ground granulated blast furnace slag) ke campuran beton telah terbukti memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap durabilitas dan properti mekanis beton. Namun, GGBFS tergolong material yang baru dikembangkan di Indonesia dan potensinya dalam meningkatkan durabilitas beton belum dimanfaatkan secara luas. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, perlu dilakukan investigasi terkait aplikasi GGBFS dan pengaruhnya terhadap durabilitas beton, terutama dalam melawan serangan sulfat. Dalam studi ini, durabilitas beton dengan persentase penggantian GGBFS 30%, 50% dan 70% terhadap total volume binder dievaluasi menggunakan perlakuan siklus basah-kering dalam larutan magnesium sulfat. Tingkat degradasi beton diukur dengan melakukan observasi terhadap perubahan kuat tekan dan massa spesimen akibat serangan sulfat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggantian GGBFS hingga 50% dari total volume binder dapat meningkatkan ketahanan beton terhadap serangan sulfat, ditunjukkan dengan kehilangan massa dan reduksi kekuatan yang lebih rendah dibandingkan spesimen kontrol dengan 100% semen Portland.

Durability of Normal and Lightweight Aggregate Mortars with Different Supplementary Cementitious Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 271-281
Author(s):  
Efstratios Badogiannis ◽  
Eirhnh Makrinou ◽  
Marianna Fount
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Binder Ratio ◽  
Pumice Sand ◽  
Water To Binder Ratio ◽  
Furnace Slag

A study on the durability parameters of normal and lightweight aggregate mortars, incorporated different supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) is presented. Mortars were prepared using limestone or pumice as aggregates and Metakaolin, Fly ash, Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and Silica Fume, as SCM, that they replaced cement, at 10 % by mass. Ten different mortars, having same water to binder ratio and aggregate to cement volumetric ratio, they were compared mainly in terms of durability. The use of pumice sand was proved to be effective not only to the density of the mortars as it was expected, but also in durability, fulfilling at the same time minimum strength requirements. The addition of the different SCM further enhanced the durability of the mortars, where Metakaolin was found to be the most effective one, especially against chloride’s ingress.

scholarly journals Influence of Inter-Particle Distances on the Rheological Properties of Cementitious Suspensions

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7869
Author(s):  
Rajagopalan Sam Rajadurai ◽  
Su-Tae Kang
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Furnace Slag

Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), such as fly ash (FA), blast furnace slag (BS), and silica fume (SF), have been mostly used as a replacement for Portland cement (PC). Replacing the SCMs with cement can provide improved strength characteristics; however, their applicability depends on the flow characteristics of the fresh mixtures. In this study, the rheological performance of cementitious suspensions in paste scale with different water-to-solid (W/S) volume ratios, varied from 1.25, 1.50, 1.75, 2.00, 2.25, to 2.50, was evaluated. As a result of the rheological tests, the yield stress and plastic viscosity of PC, FA, BS, and SF suspensions decreased as the W/S ratio increased. This study also estimated the inter-particle distances of the cementitious suspensions, and their relationship to the rheological properties was established. The inter-particle distances of the PC, FA, BS, and SF suspensions were in the ranges of 5.74~14.67 µm, 5.18~11.66 µm, 3.82~9.34 µm, and 0.107~0.27 µm, respectively. For very fine particles with a large surface area, the sensitivity to the rheological properties was high and the sensitivity was low when the particle sizes increased, indicating that the rheological properties were more sensitive to fine particles.

scholarly journals Performance of Class F Pulverised Fuel Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag in Ternary Concrete Mixes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Jhon Kamau ◽  
Ash Ahmed ◽  
Paul Hirst ◽  
Joseph Kangwa
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Anthropogenic Carbon ◽  
Process Heating ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Furnace Slag

Cement is the most utilised material after water, and the processes that are involved in making it are energy intensive, contributing to about 7% of the total global anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2). Energy efficiency can however be achieved by using Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) such as Pulverised Fuel Ash (PFA) and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) which demand less process heating and emit fewer levels of CO2. This work examined the advantages of substituting cement using PFA and GGBS in ternary (2 SCMs) concrete at steps of 0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. It was found that PFA increased the workability of GGBS, whereas GGBS improved the strength of PFA. The densities of the resultant concrete were below those of the 0% replacement as well as those of individual binary (1 SCM) concretes. The tensile strengths of the ternary concrete were lower than those of the binary concretes, whereas the gains in compressive strengths over curing time were higher at lower replacements for the ternary concrete compared with the 0% replacement and the binary concretes, but lower at higher replacements. The findings indicate that PFA and GGBS could be used together to improve the properties of concrete where each falls short.

scholarly journals Evaluation of concrete deterioration under simulated acid rain environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Michaela Smolakova ◽  
Adriana Estokova
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Silicon Ions ◽  
Furnace Slag

Abstract Acid rain is identified as one of the most serious environmental problems nowadays and it is mainly a mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids. Deterioration of concrete structures exposed to aggressive acid rain attack is a key durability issue that affects the performance and maintenance costs of vital civil infrastructures. The motivation for understanding the acid rain corrosion process is high because of the early age deterioration of many concrete structures exposed to acid rain. The main objective of this study was to investigate the durability of concrete specimens with different supplementary cementitious materials, such as fly ash, zeolite and blast furnace slag against acid rain attack. Experiments of acid rain simulation influence on the composites were carried out for 7 weeks and parameters like visual changes, absorbability and leachability of calcium and silicon ions were evaluated. The increase in absorbability was detected for all samples while the sample with blast furnace slag was identified to be the most durable in this point of view. The most durable sample considering leached-out calcium and silicon ions was found to be sample with fly ash.

Validation of the Splitting Tensile Strength Formula for Concrete Containing Blast Furnace Slag

2017 ◽  
Vol 744 ◽  
pp. 136-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama Ahmed Mohamed ◽  
Modafar Ati ◽  
Omar Fawwaz Najm
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Splitting Tensile Strength ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Prediction Formula ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

The adverse environmental impact of the construction industry may be mitigated through the partial replacement of cement with supplementary cementitious materials (SCM). SCMs such as ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), impart many favourable fresh and long-term concrete properties. A study by Mohamed [1] assessed the splitting tensile strength of sustainable self- consolidating concrete in which up to 80% of the cement was partially replaced with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and developed a prediction formula for the splitting tensile strength. In this paper, the tensile strength prediction formula developed by Mohamed et al. [1] is benchmarked against formulas proposed in different building codes and validated with additional test results obtained from the literature. The proposed prediction formula showed excellent correlation to experimental data obtained from the literature.

scholarly journals Effect of Mineral Admixtures on the Performance of Low-Quality Recycled Aggregate Concrete

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 596
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Dosho
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Recycled Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Recycled Aggregate ◽  
Mineral Admixtures ◽  
Structural Concrete ◽  
Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

To improve the application of low-quality aggregates in structural concrete, this study investigated the effect of multi-purpose mineral admixtures, such as fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag, on the performance of concrete. Accordingly, the primary performance of low-quality recycled aggregate concrete could be improved by varying the replacement ratio of the recycled aggregate and using appropriate mineral admixtures such as fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag. The results show the potential for the use of low-quality aggregate in structural concrete.

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