scholarly journals Evaluation of Bonding Gap Control Methods for an Epoxy Adhesive Joint of Carbon Fiber Tubes and Aluminum Alloy Inserts

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1977
Author(s):  
Witold Rządkowski ◽  
Jan Tracz ◽  
Adam Cisowski ◽  
Kamil Gardyjas ◽  
Hubert Groen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Epoxy Adhesive ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
External Diameter ◽  
Carbon Fiber Composite ◽  
Gap Control

The aim of this paper is to compare two methods of epoxy adhesive bond gap control: one with a geometrical (mechanical) solution and the other with glass beads, which have the diameter of the desired bond gap and are mixed with an epoxy adhesive. The adhered materials were carbon fiber composite tubes and aluminum alloy inserts, which were used as wishbones in a suspension system of a motorsport vehicle. It was assumed that the gap thickness would be equal to 0.2 mm and the length of a bond would be 30 mm. The internal diameter of the tubes was 14 mm and 18 mm, whereas the inserts’ external diameter was 13.6 mm and 17.6 mm. Their surface has been subjected to mechanical treatment with sand paper starting from 240 grit up to 400. The adhesives used were EA 3425 and EA 9466 cured at 80 °C for 2 h. The results showed that the glass beads method provides more consistent and better results as compared to the geometrical (mechanical) method. Further study in the area of fatigue and interfacial failure modes could be useful.

Numerical and experimental evaluation of mechanical performance of the multifunctional energy storage composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110495
Author(s):  
Yinan Wang ◽  
Fu-Kuo Chang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Carbon Fiber Composite

This work presents numerical simulation methods to model the mechanical behavior of the multifunctional energy storage composites (MESCs), which consist of a stack of multiple thin battery layers reinforced with through-the-hole polymer rivets and embedded inside carbon fiber composite laminates. MESC has been demonstrated through earlier experiments on its exceptional behavior as a structural element as well as a battery. However, the inherent complex infrastructure of the MESC design has created significant challenges in simulation and modeling. A novel homogenization technique was adopted to characterize the multi-layer properties of battery material using physics-based constitutive equations combined with nonlinear deformation theories to handle the interface between the battery layers. Second, mechanical damage and failure modes among battery materials, polymer reinforcements, and carbon fiber-polymer interfaces were characterized through appropriate models and experiments. The model of MESCs has been implemented in a commercial finite element code in ABAQUS. A comparison of structural response and failure modes from numerical simulations and experimental tests are presented. The results of the study showed that the predictions of elastic and damage responses of MESCs at various loading conditions agreed well with the experimental data. © 2021

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Steel-FRP, FRP and Steel-Reinforced Coral Concrete Beams in Their Flexural Performance

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Jiwang Zhang ◽  
Changshi Huang ◽  
Feng Fu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Carbon Fiber Composite ◽  
Steel Core ◽  
Reinforced Beams

In this study, a comparative study of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bar and steel–carbon fiber composite bar (SCFCB) reinforced coral concrete beams was made through a series of experimental tests and theoretical analyses. The flexural capacity, crack development and failure modes of CFRP and SCFCB-reinforced coral concrete were investigated in detail. They were also compared to ordinary steel-reinforced coral concrete beams. The results show that under the same conditions of reinforcement ratios, the SCFCB-reinforced beams exhibit better performance than CFRP-reinforced beams, and stiffness is slightly lower than that of steel-reinforced beams. Under the same load conditions, the crack width of SCFCB beams was between that of steel-reinforced beams and CFRP bar-reinforced beams. Before the steel core yields, the crack growth rate of SCFCB beam is similar to the steel-reinforced beams. SCFCB has a higher strength utilization rate—about 70–85% of its ultimate strength. Current design guidance was also examined based on the test results. It was found that the existing design specifications for FRP-reinforced normal concrete is not suitable for SCFCB-reinforced coral concrete structures.

Design of Novel Solution of Flexible Pipe for Offshore Oil Offloading Transfer

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Do ◽  
S. Legeay ◽  
D. Charliac ◽  
J. M. Pere ◽  
J. P. Roques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Flexible Pipe ◽  
Carbon Fiber Composite ◽  
Composite Armor ◽  
Offshore Oil ◽  
First Time

Spread moored FPSO (Floating Production and Storage Offloading) vessels are generally used for the large West African oil fields. The oil is transferred from the FPSO to shuttle tankers via an Oil Loading Terminal (OLT). 2 to 3 large diameter flexible lines are connecting the FPSO to the OLT. The final connection between the OLT and the shuttle tanker is made by floating hoses. The single length of each flexible pipe can be typically 2,300 meters or higher, and the internal diameter is generally very large in the order of 15_23″ to minimize the pressure drop and the offloading time. Conventional flexible pipe is the most suitable solution for this application. However, its long length and large diameter require a large number of buoyancy modules which are necessary to support the substantial weight generated by the steel armor wires. An alternative to steel is Carbon Fiber Composite (CFC). This material is not only twice as strong and five times lighter than a high strength steel but it is also characterized by its exceptional performance in fatigue. As the weight of the composite armor flexible pipe is significantly reduced, the use of buoyancy is no longer necessary. The pipe can also be manufactured in a single length without intermediate connection. A qualification program based on a 19″ internal diameter prototype has been launched. This is the first time that a large internal prototype with Carbon Fiber Composite Armor (CFA) and end-fittings have been designed and manufactured. The main goals are to confirm the suitability of the CFA flexible pipe for oil offloading application in accordance with the design tools. The mechanical behavior responses of the CFA are monitored by strain gages when the flexible pipe is in straight and curved positions under internal pressure and bending cycles. The paper will present the main mechanical properties and the overall performance of the flexible pipe designed and tested. The economic viability will be demonstrated by showing how the CFC material cost is positively offset by the removal of the buoyancy modules and a faster offshore installation.

Influences of in-plane and out-of-plane fiber waviness on mechanical properties of carbon fiber composite laminate

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (13) ◽  
pp. 877-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenjun Wu ◽  
Yizhuo Gu ◽  
Liang Luo ◽  
Peng Xu ◽  
Shaokai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Compressive Property ◽  
Mechanical Degradation ◽  
Carbon Fiber Composite ◽  
Fiber Waviness ◽  
Out Of Plane

Based on the curing process of carbon fiber/epoxy prepreg with autoclave, two kinds of unidirectional carbon fiber laminates with in-plane and out-of-plane waviness were fabricated by rolling prefabricated out-of-plane waviness and inserting prepreg strip, respectively. Fiber waviness defects in composites were characterized by waviness ratio. The specimens containing fiber waviness were successfully prepared with almost the same fiber content and low porosity. The influences of fiber waviness with different waviness ratio on tensile, compressive, and charpy impact properties of unidirectional laminates were studied, and the corresponding failure modes were observed. The mechanism of the effects of fiber waviness on mechanical properties was discussed. The experimental results show that tensile property and compressive property decrease by in-plane buckling and out-of-plane wrinkling, especially with large waviness ratio. Reduction of 33.0% of compressive strength with out-of-plane wrinkling is seen in the case of 0.037 waviness ratio, while 25.4% reduction is obtained for in-plane buckling under 0.038 waviness ratio. Charpy impact strength decreases by in-plane buckling, whereas increases by out-of-plane wrinkling. Failure morphologies of various specimens are changed by fiber waviness, which are consistent with the mechanical degradation. In addition, there are some differences on the sensitivity of mechanical properties to different types of fiber waviness. Tensile strength is more sensitive to in-plane buckling in comparison with out-of-plane wrinkling, and compressive property is more sensitive to out-of-plane wrinkling.

A Review on Acoustic Emission Characterization of Failure Modes of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 1148 ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vemu Vara Prasad ◽  
Javisseti Nageswara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Acoustic Emissions ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Composite Sheet ◽  
Carbon Fiber Composite ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced

Among various composites available for use, carbon fiber reinforced composite is unique in its Nature. Carbon fiber is an extremely strong thin fiber made by pyrolyzing synthetic fibers, such as rayon, until charred. High Strength Composites are made from this fiber by using appropriate matrix material mostly Epoxy resins are used. High Strength, stiffness, light weight and high thermal conductivity are the main advantages over the other composites. Making products with one single composite sheet is not possible always. Some of the intricate or complex shape making is required for joining of two composite sheet. The composites joining can be done in three ways mainly Adhesive, Riveting and Hybrid. Based on the Review among all these joints adhesive joining gives better economic solution in joining. Experimental results point to significant influence of fibre on mechanical properties of sample. The tensile test of the acoustic signal emission (AE) to identify the current state of material integrity in real time. Acoustic system signal correlated to damage events. The carbon fiber composite characteristic failure mechanisms are initiated on the microscale and result in a spontaneous release of elastic energy in terms of mechanical stress waves, the so-called acoustic emissions.

Experimental Study on Composite Containment Vessels

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Dong ◽  
Yan Gu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Carbon Fiber Composite ◽  
Glass Fiber Composite ◽  
Design And Application

In this paper, we present experimental results of tests performed on composite containment vessels. The experimental observations of dynamic response of glass fiber composite vessels and carbon fiber composite vessels are compared, in which the carbon fiber composite vessels demonstrate better performance than that of glass fiber composite vessels. The study on the failure of composite vessels is also presented, in which it is found that failure modes of glass fiber composite vessels and carbon fiber composite vessels are different. The current study may contribute to the further understanding on the design and application of composite containment vessels.

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