scholarly journals Analysis of the Influencing Factors of FDM-Supported Positions for the Compressive Strength of Printing Components

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4008
Author(s):  
Zhengkai Feng ◽  
Heng Wang ◽  
Chuanjiang Wang ◽  
Xiujuan Sun ◽  
Shuai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Suspended State ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Reference Experiment

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) has the advantage of being able to process complex workpieces with relatively simple operations. However, when processing complex components in a suspended state, it is necessary to add support parts to be processed and formed, which indicates an excessive dependence on support. The stress intensity of the supported positions of the printing components can be modified by changing the supporting model of the parts, their density, and their distance in relation to the Z direction in the FDM printing settings. The focus of the present work was to study the influences of these three modified factors on the stress intensity of the supporting position of the printing components. In this study, 99 sets of compression tests were carried out using a position of an FDM-supported part, and the experimental results were observed and analyzed with a 3D topographic imager. A reference experiment on the anti-pressure abilities of the printing components without support was also conducted. The experimental results clarify how the above factors can affect the anti-pressure abilities of the supporting positions of the printing components. According to the results, when the supporting density is 30% and the supporting distance in the Z direction is Z = 0.14, the compressive strength of the printing component is lowest. When the supporting density of the printing component is ≤30% and the supporting distance in the Z direction is Z ≥ 0.10, the compressive strength of printing without support is greater than that of the linear support model. Under the same conditions, the grid-support method offers the highest compressive strength.

scholarly journals Process Parameter Optimization in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Salman Mustafa ◽  
Muhammad Qasim Zafar ◽  
Muhammad Arslan Muneer ◽  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
Farrukh Arsalan Siddiqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Printing Parameters

Abstract Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a widely adopted additive manufacturing process to produce complex 3D structures and it is typically used in the fabrication of biodegradable materials e.g. PLA/PHA for biomedical applications. However, FDM as a fabrication process for such material needs to be optimized to enhance mechanical properties. In this study, dogbone and notched samples are printed with the FDM process to determine optimum values of printing parameters for superior mechanical properties. The effect of layer thickness, infill density, and print bed temperature on mechanical properties is investigated by applying response surface methodology (RSM). Optimum printing parameters are identified for tensile and impact strength and an empirical relation has been formulated with response surface methodology (RSM). Furthermore, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the experimental results to determine the influence of the process parameters and their interactions. ANOVA results demonstrate that 44.7% infill density, 0.44 mm layer thickness, and 20C° printing temperatures are the optimum values of printing parameters owing to improved tensile and impact strength respectively. The experimental results were found in strong agreement with the predicted theoretical results.

scholarly journals Fused Deposition Modeling of Poly (lactic acid)/Macadamia Composites—Thermal, Mechanical Properties and Scaffolds

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Song ◽  
Wei He ◽  
Huadong Qin ◽  
Shoufeng Yang ◽  
Shifeng Wen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Structural Parts

In this work Macadamia nutshell (MS) was used as filler in fused deposition modeling (FDM) of Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) composites filaments. Composites containing MS both treated and untreated with alkali and silane were investigated by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetry (TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the treated MS composites had better thermal stability. Furthermore, compression tests were carried out. The PLA with 10 wt% treated MS composite was found possessing the best mechanical properties which was almost equivalent to that of the pure PLA. Finally, porous scaffolds of PLA/10 wt% treated MS were fabricated. The scaffolds exhibited various porosities in range of 30–65%, interconnected holes in size of 0.3–0.5 mm, micro pores with dimension of 0.1–1 μm and 37.92–244.46 MPa of elastic modulus. Those values indicated that the FDM of PLA/MS composites have the potential to be used as weight lighter and structural parts.

scholarly journals Design of Shoe Soles Using Lattice Structures Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 719-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoying Dong ◽  
Daniel Tessier ◽  
Yaoyao Fiona Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Lattice Structures ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Footwear Industry ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Shoe Soles

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) has enabled great application potential in several major industries. The footwear industry can customize shoe soles fabricated by AM. In this paper, lattice structures are discussed. They are used to design functional shoe soles that can have controllable stiffness. Different topologies such as Diamond, Grid, X shape, and Vintiles are used to generate conformal lattice structures that can fit the curved surface of the shoe sole. Finite element analysis is conducted to investigate stress distribution in different designs. The fused deposition modeling process is used to fabricate the designed shoe soles. Finally, compression tests compare the stiffness of shoe soles with different lattice topologies. It is found that the plantar stress is highly influenced by the lattice topology. From preliminary calculations, it has been found that the shoe sole designed with the Diamond topology can reduce the maximum stress on the foot. The Vintiles lattice structure and the X shape lattice structure are stiffer than the Diamond lattice. The Grid lattice structure buckles in the experiment and is not suitable for the design.

Deposition Strategies and Resulting Part Stiffnesses in Fused Deposition Modeling

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kulkarni ◽  
D. Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling

In the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process, the choice of deposition strategy plays an important role. In this paper, the effects of different deposition paths on this deposition based LM process are investigated. Some variations on the current deposition strategies are also proposed. The stiffness of parts manufactured by the different strategies is experimentally determined. It is then compared with an analytical model developed using laminate analysis. A good conformance of the laminate model to the experimental results suggests that the laminate model can be used as a design aide to help the designer tailor the deposition strategy to the stiffness requirements.

A Study on Dimensional Accuracy of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Processed Parts using Fuzzy Logic

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjeet Kumar Sahu ◽  
S.S. Mahapatra ◽  
Anoop Kumar Sood
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Fuzzy Decision Making ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling

AbstractFused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing technology for rapid prototyping that can build intricate parts in minimal time with least human intervention. The process parameters such as layer thickness, orientation, raster angle, raster width and air gap largely influence on dimensional accuracy of built parts which can be expressed as change in length, width and thickness. This paper presents experimental data and a fuzzy decision making logic in integration with the Taguchi method for improving the dimensional accuracy of FDM processed ABSP 400 parts. It is observed that length and width decreases but thickness shows positive deviation from desired value of the built part. Experimental results indicate that optimal factor settings for each response are different. Therefore, all the three responses are expressed in a single response index through fuzzy logic approach. The process parameters are optimized with consideration of all the performance characteristics simultaneously. Finally, an inference engine is developed to perform the inference operations on the rules for fuzzy prediction model based on Mamdani method. Experimental results are provided to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The predicted results are in good agreement with the values from the experimental data with average percentage error of less than 4.5.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Mechanical Behavior in 3D Printed PLA Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Structure for Orthopedics

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
N. Nandakumar ◽  
T.Allwin Raja
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Periodic Minimal Surface ◽  
Triply Periodic ◽  
Triply Periodic Minimal Surface ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Bone Structures

This project is related to the design, fabrication and characterization of scaffold structures of different structure Using Polylactic Acid (PLA) filament, the micro bone structures are manufactured by Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). Such morphology is chosen for its good strength, high porosity leading to good nutrient and waste diffusion, and favorable mechanical properties. Load vs Displacement values are obtained by taking compression tests for each as an overall outcome of the research, microstructure with better mechanical properties to replace the damaged bone tissues is identified.

scholarly journals Inverse 3D Printing with Variations of the Strand Width of the Resulting Scaffolds for Bone Replacement

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1964
Author(s):  
Michael Seidenstuecker ◽  
Pia Schilling ◽  
Lucas Ritschl ◽  
Svenja Lange ◽  
Hagen Schmal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
A Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Strand Spacing ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Good Biocompatibility

The objective of this study was to vary the wall thicknesses and pore sizes of inversely printed 3D molded bodies. Wall thicknesses were varied from 1500 to 2000 to 2500 µm. The pores had sizes of 500, 750 and 1000 µm. The sacrificial structures were fabricated from polylactide (PLA) using fused deposition modeling (FDM). To obtain the final bioceramic scaffolds, a water-based slurry was filled into the PLA molds. The PLA sacrificial molds were burned out at approximately 450 °C for 4 h. Subsequently, the samples were sintered at 1250 °C for at least 4 h. The scaffolds were mechanically characterized (native and after incubation in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 28 days). In addition, the biocompatibility was assessed by live/dead staining. The scaffolds with a strand spacing of 500 µm showed the highest compressive strength; there was no significant difference in compressive strength regardless of pore size. The specimens with 1000 µm pore size showed a significant dependence on strand width. Thus, the specimens (1000 µm pores) with 2500 µm wall thickness showed the highest compressive strength of 5.97 + 0.89 MPa. While the 1000(1500) showed a value of 2.90 + 0.67 MPa and the 1000(2000) of 3.49 + 1.16 MPa. As expected for beta-Tricalciumphosphate (β-TCP), very good biocompatibility was observed with increasing cell numbers over the experimental period.

Combinational processing of 3D printing and electrospinning of hierarchical poly(lactic acid)/gelatin-forsterite scaffolds as a biocomposite: Mechanical and biological assessment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saman Naghieh ◽  
Ehsan Foroozmehr ◽  
Mohsen Badrossamay ◽  
Mahshid Kharaziha
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Biological Assessment ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling

In this research, hierarchical scaffolds including poly(lactic acid) (PLA) micro struts and nanocomposite gelatin-forsterite fibrous layers were developed using fused deposition modeling (FDM) and electrospinning (ES), respectively. Briefly, geometrically various groups of pure PLA scaffolds (interconnected pores of 230 to 390 μm) were fabricated using FDM technique. After mechanical evaluation, ES technique was utilized to develop gelatin-forsterite nanofibrous layer. To study these scaffolds, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and uniaxial compression tests were performed. Furthermore, bioactivity of the scaffolds was evaluated by immersing in the simulated body fluid and apatite formation on the surface of the scaffolds was investigated. Results depicted that elastic modulus of PLA/gelatin-forsterite scaffolds, fabricated by a combinational approach, was significantly higher than that of pure one (about 52%). SEM images showed the formation of calcium phosphate-like precipitates on the surface of these scaffolds, confirming the effects of nanocomposite fibrous layer on the improved bioactivity of the scaffolds. Regarding the obtained biological as well as mechanical properties, the developed bio-composite scaffolds can be used as a biocompatible candidate for bone tissue regeneration.

scholarly journals Optimizing process parameters to improve the compressive strength of FDM products (Fused Deposition Modeling)

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (K5) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Nghi Huu Huynh ◽  
Ton Minh Tran ◽  
Tho Huu Nguyen ◽  
Ha Thi Thu Thai
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Modeling Technology ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Raster Angle ◽  
Deposition Modeling

Nowadays, 3D Printing Technology, also known as AM - Additive Manufacturing plays an important role in the 4.0 industrial revolution. In 3D printing technologies, FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) technology is the most popular technology. In general, the quality of AM products and FDM depend on the process parameters. The article addressed the issue of optimizing process parameters to improve the compressive strength of the product. The parameters are considered as the fill pattern, fill density, number of contours, layer thickness and raster angle. The experimental design based on the Taguchi method is employed to identify the optimum process parameters. In addition, ANOVA is also utilized to evaluate the effect of each parameter on the compressive strength of the product.

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