DNA Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Coatings Are Antifouling and Promote Mammalian Cell Adhesion

The ability of bacteria to adhere to and form biofilms on implant surfaces is the primary cause of implant failure. Implant-associated infections are difficult to treat, as the biofilm mode of growth protects microorganisms from the host’s immune response and antibiotics. Therefore, modifications of implant surfaces that can prevent or delay bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation are highly desired. In addition, the attachment and spreading of bone cells are required for successful tissue integration in orthopedic and dental applications. We propose that polyanionic DNA with a negatively charged phosphate backbone could provide a dual function to repel bacterial adhesion and support host tissue cell attachment. To this end, we developed polyelectrolyte multilayer coatings using chitosan (CS) and DNA on biomaterial surfaces via a layer-by-layer technique. The assembly of these coatings was characterized. Further, we evaluated staphylococcal adhesion and biofilm growth on the coatings as well as cytotoxicity for osteoblast-like cells (SaOS-2 cells), and we correlated these to the layer structure. The CS-DNA multilayer coatings impaired the biofilm formation of Staphylococcus by ~90% on both PMMA and titanium surfaces. The presence of cationic CS as the top layer did not hinder the bacteria-repelling property of the DNA in the coating. The CS-DNA multilayer coatings demonstrated no cytotoxic effect on SaOS-2 cells. Thus, DNA polyelectrolyte multilayer coatings could reduce infection risk while promoting host tissue cell attachment on medical implants.

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Enhancing Osseointegration and Mitigating Bacterial Biofilms on Medical-Grade Titanium with Chitosan-Conjugated Liquid-Infused Coatings

10.21203/rs.3.rs-624942/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yuxi Zhang ◽

Martin Villegas ◽

Maryam Badv ◽

Claudia Alonso-Cantu ◽

David Wilson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Adhesion ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Bone Cells ◽

Bacterial Biofilms ◽

Implant Infection ◽

Device Failure ◽

Tissue Integration ◽

Biofilm Prevention ◽

Medical Grade

Abstract Titanium alloys, in particular, medical-grade Ti-6Al-4V is heavily used in orthopaedic applications due to its high moduli, strength, and biocompatibility. Implant infection can result in biofilm formation and failure of prosthetics. The formation of a biofilm on implants protect bacteria from antibiotics and the immune response, resulting in the propagation of the infection and ultimately result in device failure. Recently, slippery liquid-infused surfaces (LIS) have been investigated for their stable liquid interface, which provide excellent repellent properties to suppress biofilm formation. One of the current limitations of LIS coatings lies in the indistinctive repellency of bone cells in orthopaedic applications, therefore causing poor integration between tissue and implant. Here, we report a chitosan impregnated LIS coating that facilitates cell adhesion and osseointegration while preventing biofilm formation. Our results indicate that chitosan-conjugated LIS increased cell adhesion of osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells and significantly promoted proliferation compared to conventional titanium liquid-infused surfaces. Furthermore, the chitosan conjugated LIS significantly reduced biofilm formation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) when compared to untreated and chitosan-coated titanium. Our engineered coating can be easily modified with other biopolymers or capture molecules to be applied to other biomaterials where both tissue integration and biofilm prevention is needed.

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Coating Made fromPseudotsuga menziesiiPhytosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles is Efficient AgainstStaphylococcus aureusBiofilm Formation

Nano LIFE ◽

10.1142/s1793984415400061 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 05 (04) ◽

pp. 1540006 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Poushpi Dwivedi ◽

S. S. Narvi ◽

R. P. Tewari

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽

Bacterial Adhesion ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Christmas Tree ◽

Medical Implants ◽

Microbial Adhesion ◽

Medical Implant ◽

Tissue Integration ◽

Implantation Process

In this nano era, biomaterials associated infection is a serious problem in the biomedical arena. The race between microbial adhesion and tissue integration becomes a major cause of concern, during the implantation process. Microbial adhesion further gives rise to biofilm formation which finally leads to implant failure. We have therefore designed a strategy to fight effectively against the encroachment of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm, which is chiefly responsible for majority of biomaterials associated infections. Silver nanoparticles have been synthesized for the purpose using foliage needles of the plant Pseudotsuga menziesii, our Christmas tree. Thereafter the nanoparticles were dispersed in chitosan, a biopolymer matrix and a bionanocomposite, self-sterilizing coating biomaterial was developed. The silver nanoparticles produced, the bionanocomposite developed, and the coating over medical implant, have been characterized through various techniques. The efficacy of the silver/chitosan bionanocomposite, against S. aureus biofilm has been studied here, after being coated over medical implant. It was found that coating of medical implants with this material can definitely restrict bacterial adhesion and their subsequent biofilm formation. This biomaterial was found to be blood and biocompatible at specific levels through testing.

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Bacterial Adhesion Capacity of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli to Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Coated Urinary Catheter Surface

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11060630 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 630

Author(s):

Klemen Bohinc ◽

Lora Kukić ◽

Roman Štukelj ◽

Anamarija Zore ◽

Anže Abram ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

Bacterial Adhesion ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Urinary Catheter ◽

Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Health Care Facilities ◽

Polyelectrolyte Multilayer ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Coated Surfaces

The application of catheters to the urinary tract is associated with nosocomial infections. Such infections are one of the most common types of infections in hospitals and health care facilities and can lead to numerous medical complications. Therefore, the understanding of the properties of urinary catheter surfaces and their potential modifications are crucial in order to reduce bacterial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation. In our study, we consider standard polyvinyl chloride (PVC) catheter surfaces and compare their properties with the properties of the same surfaces coated with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)/poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PDADMA/PSS) polyelectrolyte multilayers. Uncoated and coated surfaces were characterized by means of roughness, hydrophobicity, and zeta potential measurements. Finally, bacterial adhesion extent of uropathogenic Escherichia coli on bare and polyelectrolyte multilayer coated surfaces was measured. The obtained results show that on non-treated surfaces, biofilm is formed which was not the case for multilayer coated surfaces. The PSS-terminated multilayer shows the lowest bacterial adhesion and could be helpful in prevention of biofilm formation. The analysis of the properties of the uncoated and coated surfaces reveals that the most significant difference is related to the charge (i.e., zeta potential) of the examined surfaces, while roughness and hydrophobicity of the examined surfaces are similar. Therefore, it could be concluded that the surface charge plays the crucial role in the bacterial adhesion on uncoated and coated PVC catheter surfaces.

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Bond Strengthening in Oral Bacterial Adhesion to Salivary Conditioning Films

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01119-08 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 74 (17) ◽

pp. 5511-5515 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Henny C. van der Mei ◽

Minie Rustema-Abbing ◽

Joop de Vries ◽

Henk J. Busscher

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Adhesion ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Specific Interactions ◽

Adhesion Forces ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Bacterial Interactions ◽

Initial Adhesion ◽

Conditioning Film ◽

Interacting Surfaces ◽

Conditioning Films

ABSTRACT Transition from reversible to irreversible bacterial adhesion is a highly relevant but poorly understood step in initial biofilm formation. We hypothesize that in oral biofilm formation, irreversible adhesion is caused by bond strengthening due to specific bacterial interactions with salivary conditioning films. Here, we compared the initial adhesion of six oral bacterial strains to salivary conditioning films with their adhesion to a bovine serum albumin (BSA) coating and related their adhesion to the strengthening of the binding forces measured with bacteria-coated atomic force microscopy cantilevers. All strains adhered in higher numbers to salivary conditioning films than to BSA coatings, and specific bacterial interactions with salivary conditioning films were accompanied by stronger initial adhesion forces. Bond strengthening occurred on a time scale of several tens of seconds and was slower for actinomyces than for streptococci. Nonspecific interactions between bacteria and BSA coatings strengthened twofold faster than their specific interactions with salivary conditioning films, likely because specific interactions require a closer approach of interacting surfaces with the removal of interfacial water and a more extensive rearrangement of surface structures. After bond strengthening, bacterial adhesion forces with a salivary conditioning film remained stronger than those with BSA coatings.

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A Real-Time Thermal Sensor System for Quantifying the Inhibitory Effect of Antimicrobial Peptides on Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21082771 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

pp. 2771

Author(s):

Tobias Wieland ◽

Julia Assmann ◽

Astrid Bethe ◽

Christian Fidelak ◽

Helena Gmoser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Peptides ◽

Real Time ◽

Bacterial Adhesion ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Bovine Mastitis ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Thermal Sensor ◽

Bacterial Cells ◽

Static Conditions

The increasing rate of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pathogenic bacteria is a global threat to human and veterinary medicine. Beyond antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) might be an alternative to inhibit the growth of bacteria, including AMR pathogens, on different surfaces. Biofilm formation, which starts out as bacterial adhesion, poses additional challenges for antibiotics targeting bacterial cells. The objective of this study was to establish a real-time method for the monitoring of the inhibition of (a) bacterial adhesion to a defined substrate and (b) biofilm formation by AMPs using an innovative thermal sensor. We provide evidence that the thermal sensor enables continuous monitoring of the effect of two potent AMPs, protamine and OH-CATH-30, on surface colonization of bovine mastitis-associated Escherichia (E.) coli and Staphylococcus (S.) aureus. The bacteria were grown under static conditions on the surface of the sensor membrane, on which temperature oscillations generated by a heater structure were detected by an amorphous germanium thermistor. Bacterial adhesion, which was confirmed by white light interferometry, caused a detectable amplitude change and phase shift. To our knowledge, the thermal measurement system has never been used to assess the effect of AMPs on bacterial adhesion in real time before. The system could be used to screen and evaluate bacterial adhesion inhibition of both known and novel AMPs.

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Bacterial adhesion to collagens: implications for biofilm formation and disease progression in the oral cavity

Critical Reviews in Microbiology ◽

10.1080/1040841x.2021.1944054 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Simón Álvarez ◽

Camila Leiva-Sabadini ◽

Christina M. A. P. Schuh ◽

Sebastian Aguayo

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Disease Progression ◽

Bacterial Adhesion ◽

Biofilm Formation

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Influence of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Properties on Bacterial Adhesion Capacity

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym8100345 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 345 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Davor Kovačević ◽

Rok Pratnekar ◽

Karmen Godič Torkar ◽

Jasmina Salopek ◽

Goran Dražić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Adhesion ◽

Polyelectrolyte Multilayer

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Cell Biology and Molecular Mechanisms in Artificial Device Infections

The International Journal of Artificial Organs ◽

10.1177/039139889301601103 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. 755-764 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

A.G. Gristina ◽

G. Giridhar ◽

B.L Gabriel ◽

P.T. Naylor ◽

Q.N. Myrvik

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Adhesion ◽

Cell Biology ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Total Joint Replacement ◽

Total Artificial Heart ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Microbial Adhesion ◽

Major Barrier ◽

Tissue Integration ◽

Biomaterial Surfaces

Biomaterials are being used with increasing frequency for tissue substitution. Complex devices such as total joint replacement and the total artificial heart represent combinations of polymers and metal alloys for system and organ replacement. The major barrier to the extended use of these devices is bacterial adhesion to biomaterials, which causes biomaterial-centered infection, and the lack of successful tissue integration or compatibility with biomaterial surfaces. Adhesion-mediated infections are extremely resistant to antibiotics and host defenses and frequently persist until the biomaterial or foreign body is removed. The pathogenesis of adhesive infections is related, in part, to preferential colonization of “inert” substrata whose surfaces are not integrated with healthy tissues composed of living cells and intact extracellular polymers. Tissue integration is an interesting parallel to microbial adhesion and is a desired phenomenon for the biocompatibility of certain implants and biomaterials. Tissue integration requires a form of eukaryocytic adhesion or compatibility with possible chemical integration to an implant surface. Many of the fundamental principles of interfacial science apply to both microbial adhesion and to tissue integration and are general to and independent of the substratum materials involved. Interactions of biomaterials with bacteria and tissue cells are directed not only by specific receptors and outer membrane molecules on the cell surface, but also by the atomic geometry and electronic state of the biomaterial surface. An understanding of these mechanisms is important to all fields of medicine and is derived from and relevant to studies in microbiology, biochemistry, and physics. Modifications of biomaterial surfaces at an atomic level will allow the programming of cell-to-substratum events, thereby diminishing infection by enhancing tissue compatibility or integration, or by directly inhibiting bacterial adhesion.

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Monolithic Ceramics: Effect of Finishing Techniques on Surface Properties, Bacterial Adhesion and Cell Viability

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/17-011-l ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 315-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

AMO Dal Piva ◽

LPC Contreras ◽

FC Ribeiro ◽

LC Anami ◽

SEA Camargo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mtt Assay ◽

Bacterial Adhesion ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Nonparametric Tests ◽

Lithium Silicate ◽

Gingival Fibroblasts ◽

Sem Images ◽

High Profile ◽

Colony Forming Units ◽

Monolithic Ceramics

SUMMARY Introduction: This study evaluated the morphology, biofilm formation, and viability of human gingival fibroblasts in contact with two monolithic ceramics after two different finishing techniques: polishing or glazing. For this, 92 blocks (4.5 × 4.5 × 1.5 mm) of each ceramic were made using high translucency zirconia partially stabilized by yttrium (YZHT) and lithium silicate reinforced by zirconium (ZLS). Methods and Materials: Blocks were sintered and then divided into glazing (g) or polishing (p) surface finish. Surface roughness (Ra and RSm) was evaluated through a contact rugosimeter and profilometry. Specimens were contaminated for heterotypic biofilm formation with Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis and Candida albicans for 16 hours. Biofilm was quantified by counting the colony forming units (CFU/mL) and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fibroblast viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Surface free energy (SFE) was also determined. Roughness data were evaluated using nonparametric tests, while SFE, MTT and CFU results were evaluated by analysis of variance and Tukey test, and MTT data were also submitted to t-test (all, α=0.05). Results: Results showed that polished samples presented a lower high profile mean (p<0.001); however, YZHTg presented less space between defects (p=0.0002). SFE showed that YZHT presented higher SFE than ZLS. Profilometry evidenced more homogeneity on polished surfaces. The interaction of finishing technique and microorganisms influenced the CFU (p=0.00). MTT assay demonstrated initial severe cytotoxic behavior for polished surfaces. SEM images showed homogeneous surfaces, except for glazed YZHT. Conclusion: Glazed surfaces have a greater roughness and tend to accumulate more biofilm. Polished surfaces have higher SFE; however, they are temporarily cytotoxic.

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