scholarly journals Influence of Rigid Segment Type on Copoly(ether-ester) Properties

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4614
Author(s):  
Konrad Walkowiak ◽  
Izabela Irska ◽  
Agata Zubkiewicz ◽  
Zbigniew Rozwadowski ◽  
Sandra Paszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Soft Phase ◽  
Ecological Awareness ◽  
Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy

The growing ecological awareness of society created the tendency to replace petrochemically based materials with alternative energy carriers and renewable raw materials. One of the most requested groups of polymer materials with significant technological importance is thermoplastic elastomers (TPE). They combine the properties of elastomers such as flexibility with the typical properties of thermoplastics, like easy processing. Herein, one compares the influence of rigid segments on the properties of copoly(ester-ether). Thermoplastic polyesters based on bio-1,6-hexanediol and terephthalic (T), furanic (F), and napthalate (N) diesters, i.e., PHT, PHF, and PHN, were obtained employing melt polycondensation. Additionally, to grant elastic properties of polyesters, systems containing 50 wt.% of bio-based polyTHF®1000 (pTHF) with a molecular mass of 1000 g/mol, have been prepared. The composition and chemical structure have been determined by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. The temperatures corresponding to phase transition changes were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) analyses. The crystalline structure was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Additionally, the influence of pTHF–rich segment on the tensile properties, water absorption, as well as thermal and thermo-oxidative stability, has been analyzed. It was found that incorporation of soft phase allows creation of thermoplastic elastomers with tensile characteristics comparable to the commercially available ones, by means of elongation at break higher than 500%, low values of tensile modulus, without exhibiting yield point.

scholarly journals Thermoplastic elastomers containing 2D nanofillers: montmorillonite, graphene nanoplatelets and oxidized graphene platelets

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Paszkiewicz ◽  
Iwona Pawelec ◽  
Anna Szymczyk ◽  
Zbigniew Rosłaniec
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Graphene Nanoplatelets ◽  
Soft Phase ◽  
Permanent Set ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Tetramethylene Oxide

Abstract This paper presents a comparative study on which type of platelets nanofiller, organic or inorganic, will affect the properties of thermoplastic elastomer matrix in the stronger manner. Therefore, poly(trimethylene terephthalate-block-poly(tetramethylene oxide) copolymer (PTT-PTMO) based nanocomposites with 0.5 wt.% of clay (MMT), graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and graphene oxide (GO) have been prepared by in situ polymerization. The structure of the nanocomposites was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in order to present good dispersion without large aggregates. It was indicated that PTT-PTMO/GNP composite shows the highest crystallization temperature. Unlike the addition of GNP and GO, the introduction of MMT does not have great effect on the glass transition temperature of PTMO-rich soft phase. An addition of all three types of nanoplatelets in the nanocomposites caused the enhancement in tensile modulus and yield stress. Additionally, the cyclic tensile tests showed that prepared nanocomposites have values of permanent set slightly higher than neat PTT-PTMO.

Fabrication of Lithium Silicate Doped with Lithium Titanate by Solid-State Reaction and its XRD Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. 200-203
Author(s):  
Yu Tian Wang ◽  
You Dong Cao ◽  
Jin Hu ◽  
Wei Jun Zhang ◽  
Da Ping Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Lithium Titanate ◽  
Lithium Silicate ◽  
Solid Phase Reaction ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

Fabrication of lithium silicate powder containing lithium titanate by solid phase reaction method. LiFabrication of lithium silicate powder doped with lithium titanate by solid-state reaction. Take lithium carbonate, silicon dioxide and titania as raw materials and then these powders were mixed according to the different ratios and grinded in an agate mortar for 15 min. And then the mixture were dried at 80°C. Finally, the samples were sintered in vacuum tube furnace at 750, 800, 850 and 900°C for 2h. Thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and XRD analysis were carried out systematically in this paper. The reaction process and mechanism at different temperatures and the effect of the different ratios and sintering temperature were discussed. Experimental results showed that lithium titanate component increased with increasing amount of titanium dioxide. While the mixture were sintered at 900°C for 2h, there would have lithium silicate and lithium titanate phase.

scholarly journals Dynamical Mechanical and Thermal Analyses of Biodegradable Raw Materials for Additive Manufacturing

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona-Nicoleta Mazurchevici ◽  
Andrei-Danut Mazurchevici ◽  
Dumitru Nedelcu
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Calorimetric Analysis ◽  
Fused Deposition

In order to find new ways to ensure sustainable development on a global level, it is essential to combine current top technologies, such as additive manufacturing, with the economic, ecological, and social fields. One objective of this paper refers to wire manufacture such as Arboblend V2 Nature, Arbofill Fichte, and Arboblend V2 Nature reinforced with Extrudr BDP “Pearl” (BDP—Biodegradable Plastic) in order to replace the plastic materials. After wire manufacture by extrusion, the diameter accuracy was analyzed compared with the Fiber Wood wire using SEM analyses and also EDAX—Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis and DSC—Differential Scanning Calorimetry analyses were done in order to identify their elemental composition and the phase transitions suffered by the materials during heating. Using the samples obtained through the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) method, both crystalline phases and chemical composition information (XRD analysis) were identified, as well was determined the visco-elastic behavior Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), for the reinforced material and Fiber Wood. The extruded wires have allowed size for the printing equipment, around 1.75 mm with tolerance of ± 0.05 mm. The wire material diagrams, Arboblend V2 Nature reinforced with Extrudr BDP “Pearl” and Fiber Wood following the calorimetric analysis, presented peaks corresponding to material crystallization, while Arbofill Fichte revealed only the melting temperature. The storage module was almost double in case of Arboblend V2 Nature reinforced with Extrudr BDP “Pearl” compared with Fiber Wood and materials’ melting temperatures were confirmed by the analyses carried out.

Preparation and Characterization of APTES Modified Bioglass

2008 ◽  
Vol 368-372 ◽  
pp. 1215-1217
Author(s):  
Li Ren ◽  
Tian Yi Yang ◽  
Ying Gang Zhao ◽  
Na Ru Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Total Reflectance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Sbf Solution

Bioglass (BG) particles were treated by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) in order to improve the interface compatibility with polymer materials. The surface structures of modified BG were characterized through Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance accessory, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that APTES was successfully grafted on the surface of BG. The biomineralization properties of APTES modified bioglass were also studied through FTIR, XRD and SEM. Results showed that hydroxylcarbonateapatite (HCA) was formed on the surface of modified BG after soaked into SBF solution. It was shown that the APTES modified BG could possess good mineralization properties and could be intended as a composition of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications.

scholarly journals Indentation Methods for Characterising the Mechanical and Fracture Behaviour of Polymer Nanocomposites

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Lach ◽  
Gyeong-Man Kim ◽  
Rameshwar Adhikari ◽  
Goerg H Michler ◽  
Wolfgang Grellmann
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Soft Phase ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Spherical Silica ◽  
Nanostructured Polymer ◽  
Sio2 Nanocomposites ◽  
Indentation Methods

Morphological analysis of nanocomposites of polyethylene glycol (PEG) based polyurethanes (TPU) and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) were performed using different techniques (transmission electron microscopy, small and wide X-ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry) as a function of molecular weight of PEG and the PEG/POSS mole ratio. A strong interdependence in crystallisation behaviour between the two crystals species, i.e. the POSS nanocrystals about 5 nm in size and the crystals in the semicrystalline soft phase of TPU, were found. The mechanical properties (Vickers hardness under load and elastic modulus) determined using recording microindentation techniques at room temperature were significantly improved by POSS for two material formulations. Based on the results of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)/silica (SiO2) nanocomposites containing up to 20 wt.-% well-dispersed spherical silica nanoparticles, it has been shown that the indentation fracture mechanics is a straightforward, costand time-effective, powerful tool to analyse the fracture resistance for the novel polymer materials, such as brittle nanostructured polymer-ceramic hybrids. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 115-122 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7723

scholarly journals Studies on PEBAX/organoclay nanocomposites by meltintercalation process: Effect of organoclay surface

e-Polymers ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Mohamadi ◽  
Naser Sharifi Sanjani
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Transition Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clay Concentration ◽  
Alkyl Ammonium

AbstractIn this study, the polyetherblock amide (PEBAX)® nanocomposites with 2.5 % and 5 wt.% organoclay, based on Cloisite 30B (montmorillonite intercalated with dimethyl, 2-ethyl hexyl hydrogenated tallow alkyl ammonium cation), were prepared by the melt-intercalation process. The structural properties, thermal behaviors and the mechanical properties were characterized using the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), melt flow index (MFI), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry analyses (TGA), transition electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the tensile test. The XRD analysis indicated the formation of intercalated PEBAX nanocomposites. The TGA results revealed that the addition of 2.5 wt.% nanoclay improved the thermal properties, while the nanocomposite with 5 wt.% nanoclay did not enhance the thermal stability. The DSC analysis indicated that, in the case of PEBAX with 2.5 wt.% organoclay, each peak was related to the fusion of the crystalline fraction of the poly ether and poly amide affected blocks. On the contrary, regarding the PEBAX with 5 wt.% nanoclay, only the peak related to polyamide was changed. Interestingly, the tensile modulus increased with the incorporation of 2.5 wt.% clay, but it decreased in PEBA 5. The elongation at break reduced with the incorporation of the clay, attaining a minimum value at the clay concentration of 2.5 wt.%, and followed by an increase at the clay concentration of 5 wt.%.

scholarly journals Influence of Pseudowollastonite on the Performance of Low Calcium Amorphous Hydraulic Binders

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3457
Author(s):  
Daniela Santos ◽  
Rodrigo Lino Santos ◽  
João Pereira ◽  
Ricardo Bayão Horta ◽  
Rogério Colaço ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Isothermal Calorimetry ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
New Family ◽  
Low Calcium ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

A systematic investigation of the influence of pseudowollastonite on the performance of a new family of low calcium hydraulic binders is described. Samples of the new low calcium binder were produced by an innovative process consisting of heating and homogenizing the mix of raw materials (limestone, sand, and fuel cracking catalyst) at a constant temperature followed by the rapid cooling of the mixture itself. Different maximum temperatures, close to the melting temperature of the mix, were tested, and materials with CaO/SiO2 (C/S) ratios of 0.9, 1.1, and 1.25 were produced into the form of the amorphous phase with small percentages of pseudowollastonite. Compressive strength results were determined at 7, 28, and 90 days of hydration, and the hydrated phases were analyzed using isothermal calorimetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The present work is focused on the influence of the percentage of the pseudowollastonite phase on the binder compressive strength performance.

Mannose Conjugated Starch Nanoparticles for Preferential Targeting of Liver Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhlesh Kumar Jain ◽  
Hitesh Sahu ◽  
Keerti Mishra ◽  
Suresh Thareja
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Starch Nanoparticles

Aim: To design D-Mannose conjugated 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) loaded Jackfruit seed starch nanoparticles (JFSSNPs) for site specific delivery. Background: Liver cancer is the third leading cause of death in world and fifth most often diagnosed cancer is the major global threat to public health. Treatment of liver cancer with conventional method bears several side effects, thus to undertake these side effects as a formulation challenge, it is necessary to develop novel target specific drug delivery system for the effective and better localization of drug into the proximity of target with restricting the movement of drug in normal tissues. Objective: To optimize and characterize the developed D-Mannose conjugated 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) loaded Jackfruit seed starch nanoparticles (JFSSNPs) for effective treatment of liver cancer. Materials and methods: 5-FU loaded JFSSNPs were prepared and optimized formulation had higher encapsulation efficiency were conjugated with D-Mannose. These formulations were characterized for size, morphology, zeta potential, X-Ray Diffraction, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Potential of NPs were studied using in vitro cytotoxicity assay, in vivo kinetic studies and bio-distribution studies. Result and discussion: 5-Fluorouracil loaded NPs had particle size between 336 to 802nm with drug entrapment efficiency was between 64.2 to 82.3%. In XRD analysis, 5-FU peak was diminished in the diffractogram, which could be attributed to the successful incorporation of drug in amorphous form. DSC study suggests there was no physical interaction between 5- FU and Polymer. NPs showed sustained in vitro 5-FU release up to 2 hours. In vivo, mannose conjugated NPs prolonged the plasma level of 5-FU and assist selective accumulation of 5-FU in the liver (vs other organs spleen, kidney, lungs and heart) compared to unconjugated one and plain drug. Conclusion: In vivo, bio-distribution and plasma profile studies resulted in significantly higher concentration of 5- Fluorouracil liver suggesting that these carriers are efficient, viable, and targeted carrier of 5-FU treatment of liver cancer.

scholarly journals Alternative energy in vegetable and crushed wood raw materials drying processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 507 ◽  
pp. 012024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sh R Mukhametzyanov ◽  
R R Safin ◽  
G F Ilalova ◽  
A R Mukhtarova ◽  
A I Shageeva
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Raw Materials

scholarly journals PEG-POSS Star Molecules Blended in Polyurethane with Flexible Hard Segments: Morphology and Dynamics

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Konstantinos N. Raftopoulos ◽  
Edyta Hebda ◽  
Anna Grzybowska ◽  
Panagiotis A. Klonos ◽  
Apostolos Kyritsis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Star Polymer ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Similar System ◽  
Soft Phase ◽  
Hard Segments ◽  
Star Molecules

A star polymer with a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanne (POSS) core and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) vertex groups is incorporated in a polyurethane with flexible hard segments in-situ during the polymerization process. The blends are studied in terms of morphology, molecular dynamics, and charge mobility. The methods utilized for this purpose are scanning electron and atomic force microscopies (SEM, AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and to a larger extent dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). It is found that POSS reduces the degree of crystallinity of the hard segments. Contrary to what was observed in a similar system with POSS pendent along the main chain, soft phase calorimetric glass transition temperature drops as a result of plasticization, and homogenization of the soft phase by the star molecules. The dynamic glass transition though, remains practically unaffected, and a hypothesis is formed to resolve the discrepancy, based on the assumption of different thermal and dielectric responses of slow and fast modes of the system. A relaxation α′, slower than the bulky segmental α and common in polyurethanes, appears here too. A detailed analysis of dielectric spectra provides some evidence that this relaxation has cooperative character. An additional relaxation g, which is not commonly observed, accompanies the Maxwell Wagner Sillars interfacial polarization process, and has dynamics similar to it. POSS is found to introduce conductivity and possibly alter its mechanism. The study points out that different architectures of incorporation of POSS in polyurethane affect its physical properties by different mechanisms.

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