scholarly journals Electroplating Deposition of Bismuth Absorbers for X-ray Superconducting Transition Edge Sensors

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7169
Author(s):  
Jian Chen ◽  
Jinjin Li ◽  
Xiaolong Xu ◽  
Zhenyu Wang ◽  
Siming Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Edge Sensors ◽  
Rhombohedral Structure ◽  
Superconducting Transition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Quantum Efficiency ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transition Edge ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Electroplating Process

An absorber with a high absorbing efficiency is crucial for X-ray transition edge sensors (TESs) to realize high quantum efficiency and the best energy resolution. Semimetal Bismuth (Bi) has shown greater superiority than gold (Au) as the absorber due to the low specific heat capacity, which is two orders of magnitude smaller. The electroplating process of Bi films is investigated. The Bi grains show a polycrystalline rhombohedral structure, and the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show a typical crystal orientation of (012). The average grain size becomes larger as the electroplating current density and the thickness increase, and the orientation of Bi grains changes as the temperature increases. The residual resistance ratio (RRR) (R300 K/R4.2 K) is 1.37 for the Bi film (862 nm) deposited with 9 mA/cm2 at 40 °C for 2 min. The absorptivity of the 5 μm thick Bi films is 40.3% and 30.7% for 10 keV and 15.6 keV X-ray radiation respectively, which shows that Bi films are a good candidate as the absorber of X-ray TESs.

Figures of Merit of Low-Cost CuAl0.9Fe0.1O2 Thermoelectric Material Prepared at Different Solid State Reaction Sintering Temperatures

2015 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Aparporn Sakulkalavek ◽  
Rungnapa Thonglamul ◽  
Rachsak Sakdanuphab
Keyword(s):  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Uniaxial Pressure ◽  
Rhombohedral Structure ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Purity Grade ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Xrd Patterns

In this study, we investigated a CuAl0.9Fe0.1O2 compound prepared at two different sintering temperatures in order to find out the effect of sintering temperature on the compound's figure of merit of thermoelectric properties. The thermoelectric CuAl0.9Fe0.1O2 compound was prepared from high purity grade Cu2O, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 powders. The mixture of these powders were ground and then pressed with uniaxial pressure into pellets. The pellets obtained were sintered in the air at 1423 K and 1473 K. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed a single phase of CuAl0.9Fe0.1O2 with rhombohedral structure, , along with a trace of CuO second phase. Moreover, the XRD peaks of the sample sintered at 1423 K indicated that more Fe3+ atoms replaced Al3+ atoms in this sample than they did in the sample sintered at 1473 K. The average grain size of the CuAl0.9Fe0.1O2 compound prepared increased with increasing sintering temperature, whereas its mean pore size and porosity decreased with increasing sintering temperature. The dispersed small pores markedly decreased the thermal conductivity of the compound, while the Fe3+ substitution of Al3+ increased its electrical conductivity. The highest figure of merit (ZT) found was 0.021 at 973 K in the CuAl0.9Fe0.1O2 sample sintered at 1423 K. Our findings show that this low-cost material with a reasonable figure of merit is a good candidate for thermoelectric applications at high-temperature.

The Influences of NaNbO3 on the Dielectric and Structure Characteristics of (1-X) (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3–x NaNbO3 Ceramics

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 1064-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia Ching Wu ◽  
Ying Hsun Lin ◽  
Ping Shou Cheng ◽  
Chao Chin Chan ◽  
Cheng Fu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Ferroelectric Properties ◽  
Rhombohedral Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depolarization Temperature ◽  
Dielectric Characteristics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Maximum Dielectric Constant ◽  
Second Phases ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Perovskite-based (1-x) (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-x NaNbO3 [(1-x) NBT-x NN, x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4] ceramics were sintered at 1080°C. Dielectric characteristics, crystalline structures, and Raman investigations were carried out on (1-x) (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-x NaNbO3 ceramics. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that NaNbO3 ceramic would form a solid solution with (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 ceramic, and and unknown or second phases were not observable as well. NaNbO3 ceramic diffused into the crystalline structure of (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 ceramic and (1-x) NBT-x NN ceramics still revealed a rhombohedral structure. The temperature-dielectric constant curves showed that as NN content increased, the temperature to reveal the maximum dielectric constant (Tm) was raised, the depolarization temperature (Td) was shifted to lower value, and the dielectric constant at Tm and the loss tangent at Td gradually decreased. The Raman bands at 770 and 830 cm-1 were attributed to the existence of the oxygen vacancies. In this study, the relaxor-type ferroelectric properties of NBT ceramic had been improved as NN ceramic was added.

scholarly journals X-ray Microcalorimeter Based on Superconducting Transition Edge Sensors

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi OHNO ◽  
Hiroyuki TAKAHASHI ◽  
R. M. Thushara DAMAYANTHI ◽  
Yasuhiro MINAMIKAWA ◽  
Fumiakira MORI
Keyword(s):  
Transition Edge Sensors ◽  
Superconducting Transition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transition Edge

High-resolution X-ray emission spectroscopy with transition-edge sensors: present performance and future potential

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 766-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Uhlig ◽  
W. B. Doriese ◽  
J. W. Fowler ◽  
D. S. Swetz ◽  
C. Jaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Electronic Configuration ◽  
Transition Edge Sensors ◽  
Complex Compounds ◽  
Superconducting Transition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transition Edge ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Efficiency

X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) is a powerful element-selective tool to analyze the oxidation states of atoms in complex compounds, determine their electronic configuration, and identify unknown compounds in challenging environments. Until now the low efficiency of wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectrometer technology has limited the use of XES, especially in combination with weaker laboratory X-ray sources. More efficient energy-dispersive detectors have either insufficient energy resolution because of the statistical limits described by Fano or too low counting rates to be of practical use. This paper updates an approach to high-resolution X-ray emission spectroscopy that uses a microcalorimeter detector array of superconducting transition-edge sensors (TESs). TES arrays are discussed and compared with conventional methods, and shown under which circumstances they are superior. It is also shown that a TES array can be integrated into a table-top time-resolved X-ray source and a soft X-ray synchrotron beamline to perform emission spectroscopy with good chemical sensitivity over a very wide range of energies.

scholarly journals A Review of X-ray Microcalorimeters Based on Superconducting Transition Edge Sensors for Astrophysics and Particle Physics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3793
Author(s):  
Luciano Gottardi ◽  
Kenichiro Nagayashi
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Energy Resolution ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Transition Edge Sensors ◽  
The State ◽  
Superconducting Transition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transition Edge ◽  
The Way

The state-of-the-art technology of X-ray microcalorimeters based on superconducting transition-edge sensors (TESs), for applications in astrophysics and particle physics, is reviewed. We will show the advance in understanding the detector physics and describe the recent breakthroughs in the TES design that are opening the way towards the fabrication and the read-out of very large arrays of pixels with unprecedented energy resolution. The most challenging low temperature instruments for space- and ground-base experiments will be described.

Energy calibration of superconducting transition edge sensors for x-ray detection using pulse analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 053105 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hollerith ◽  
B. Simmnacher ◽  
R. Weiland ◽  
F. v. Feilitzsch ◽  
C. Isaila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Edge Sensors ◽  
Energy Calibration ◽  
Superconducting Transition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transition Edge ◽  
Pulse Analysis

EVALUATION OF Sr2YSbO6 AS A NEW SUBSTRATE FOR YBa2Cu3O7-δ SUPERCONDUCTOR THIN FILMS

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (19n20) ◽  
pp. 1035-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. ORTIZ DIAZ ◽  
J. ROA-ROJAS ◽  
D. A. LANDÍNEZ TÉLLEZ ◽  
J. ALBINO AGUIAR
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Mismatch ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Perovskite Oxide ◽  
Structure Characteristic ◽  
Superconducting Transition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrd Patterns

A complex perovskite oxide Sr 2 YSbO 6 has been synthesized by solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern reveals that Sr 2 YSbO 6 has an ordered complex cubic structure characteristic of A 2 BB ' O 6 crystalline structure with lattice constant a=8.2561 Å which has a fairly good lattice matching (lattice mismatch of the order of 8%) with YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis shows that Sr 2 YSbO 6 is free of impurity traces. The chemical stability of Sr 2 YSbO 6 with YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ superconducting has been studied by X-ray diffraction and magnetic measurements on Sr 2 YSbO 6– YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ composites. XRD patterns of the composite show that all the XRD peaks could be indexed for either Sr 2 YSbO 6 or YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ with no extra peak detectable. This implies that YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ and Sr 2 YSbO 6 remain as two different separate phases in the composite with no chemical interaction. Magnetic measurements show that superconducting transition temperature of pure YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ and Sr 2 YSbO 6– YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ composites is 90 K. These favorable characteristics of Sr 2 YSbO 6 show that it can be used as a potential substrate material for fabrication of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ superconducting films.

Synthesis and Characterization of MFe2O4(M=Co,Ni) Nanoparticles

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1893-1896
Author(s):  
De Hui Sun ◽  
Ji Lin Zhang ◽  
De Xin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Rhombohedral Structure ◽  
Ni Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Ftir Absorption Spectra

The magnetic MFe2O4 (M=Co, Ni) nanoparticles are synthesized using a hydrothermal synthesis method in ethylene glycol (EG) solution. Their morphologies, structures, surface properties and magnetism are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectra, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), respectively. The nickel ferrite and the cobalt ferrite samples are nearly spherical and homogeneous nanoparticles with average size range of about 90 nm (NiFe2O4) and 30 nm (CoFe2O4). XRD patterns confirm that the NiFe2O4 samples belong to the cubic structure and the CoFe2O4 samples are the rhombohedral structure. The NiFe2O4 nanoparticles are superparamagnetic at room temperature, while the CoFe2O4 nanoparticles are sub-ferromagnetic at room temperature and possess higher saturation magnetization.

How Fe60Co40 and Fe72Al28 Nano-Alloys Produced by Mechanical Alloying Behave when Exposed to Microwaves

2008 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 977-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadhela Otmane ◽  
S. Bergheul ◽  
Z. Hamlati ◽  
M. Azzaz
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Reflection Loss ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
X Band ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Fe60Co40 and Fe72Al28 nano-alloys were synthesized from elemental powders via highenergy mechanical alloying. The prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and X-band waveguide to measure the reflection loss in a frequency range of 9-10 GHz. The XRD patterns show that disordered Fe60Co40 solid solution with a bodycentred cubic structure is formed for milling times longer than 12 h, and after 4h milling, the solid solution Fe72Al28 has been largely formed. Morphological studies indicate an average grain size of 10 to 15 nm. The microwave- absorbing characteristic reveal good performance for Fe60Co40 compared to Fe72Al28, the maximum reflection loss is about -12 dB for the absorber.

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