scholarly journals Modeling the Filler Phase Interaction with Solidification Front in Al(TiC) Composite Produced by the In Situ Method

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7560
Author(s):  
Dorota Kalisz ◽  
Paweł L. Żak ◽  
Olena Dan
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Gradient ◽  
Solidification Front ◽  
Liquid Aluminum ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
In Situ Method ◽  
Tic Particle ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Flow Drag ◽  
Tic Nanoparticle

This paper presents simulation results of the interaction of TiC nanoparticle in liquid aluminum. The behavior of the TiC particle in the frontal interaction region stems from the operation of a system of such forces as gravity, viscous flow drag force, and Saffman force. The difference in density between the TiC and the aluminum matrix makes the particle fall, regardless of the radius dimension; while the Saffman force—which accounts for the local velocity gradient of the liquid aluminum—causes that particles with the smallest radii considered in the calculations 6.4 × 10−8 m; 7 × 10−8 m; 7.75 × 10−8 m; 9.85 × 10−8 m are repelled from the solidification front and the particles with 15.03 × 10−8 m are attracted to it. The viscosity growth in the course of casting caused by the lowering temperature reduces this effect, though the trend is maintained. The degree to which the particle is attracted to the front clearly depends on the velocity gradient of the liquid phase. For a very small gradient of 0.00001 m/s, the particle is at its closest position relative to the front.

Synthesizing Aluminum Matrix Composites by Combining a Powder Metallurgical Technique and an In Situ Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 1047 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Rafail Apakashev ◽  
Mark Khazin ◽  
Sergey Krasikov
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Vacuum Treatment ◽  
Aluminum Matrix Composites ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Matrix Metal ◽  
Dispersed Particles ◽  
In Situ Method

A method of synthesizing dispersion-strengthened aluminum matrix composites using a powder metallurgical technique and an in situ method was considered. Methods combination was aimed at ensuring energy efficiency, avoiding vacuum treatment of the reaction medium, and using inert gasses to protect from oxidation. Reinforcement phase precursors are capable of ensuring good wettability of dispersed particles by the molten matrix metal. The options of the methods’ practical implementation are presented by the example of producing aluminum matrix composites filled with various functional particles.

scholarly journals Action of Chlorhexidine Digluconate against Yeast and Filamentous Forms in an Early-Stage Candida albicans Biofilm

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 3522-3531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Suci ◽  
Bonnie J. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Interfacial Region ◽  
In Situ Method ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACT An in situ method for sensitive detection of differences in the action of chlorhexidine against subpopulations of cells in Candida albicans biofilms is described. Detection relies on monitoring the kinetics of propidium iodide (PI) penetration into the cytoplasm of individual cells during dosing with chlorhexidine. Accurate estimation of the time for delivery of the dosing concentration to the substratum was facilitated by using a flow cell system for which transport to the interfacial region was previously characterized. A model was developed to quantify rates of PI penetration based on the shape of the kinetic data curves. Yeast were seeded onto the substratum, and biofilm formation was monitored microscopically for 3 h. During this period a portion of the yeast germinated, producing filamentous forms (both hyphae and pseudohyphae). When the population was subdivided on the basis of cell morphology, rates of PI penetration into filamentous forms appeared to be substantially higher than for yeast forms. Based on the model, rates of penetration were assigned to individual cells. These data indicated that the difference in rates between the two subpopulations was statistically significant (unpaired t test, P < 0.0001). A histogram of rates and analysis of variance indicated that rates were approximately equally distributed among different filamentous forms and between apical and subapical segments of filamentous forms.

Comparison of Mammography and Ultrasonography for Tumor Size of DCIS of Breast Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-213
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Jiantao Wang ◽  
Haiping Wang ◽  
Xinyu Yang ◽  
Liming Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Dense Breast ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
The Difference

Objective: Accurate assessment of breast tumor size preoperatively is important for the initial decision-making in surgical approach. Therefore, we aimed to compare efficacy of mammography and ultrasonography in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of breast cancer. Methods: Preoperative mammography and ultrasonography were performed on 104 women with DCIS of breast cancer. We compared the accuracy of each of the imaging modalities with pathological size by Pearson correlation. For each modality, it was considered concordant if the difference between imaging assessment and pathological measurement is less than 0.5cm. Results: At pathological examination tumor size ranged from 0.4cm to 7.2cm in largest diameter. For mammographically determined size versus pathological size, correlation coefficient of r was 0.786 and for ultrasonography it was 0.651. Grouped by breast composition, in almost entirely fatty and scattered areas of fibroglandular dense breast, correlation coefficient of r was 0.790 for mammography and 0.678 for ultrasonography; in heterogeneously dense and extremely dense breast, correlation coefficient of r was 0.770 for mammography and 0.548 for ultrasonography. In microcalcification positive group, coeffient of r was 0.772 for mammography and 0.570 for ultrasonography. In microcalcification negative group, coeffient of r was 0.806 for mammography and 0.783 for ultrasonography. Conclusion: Mammography was more accurate than ultrasonography in measuring the largest cancer diameter in DCIS of breast cancer. The correlation coefficient improved in the group of almost entirely fatty/ scattered areas of fibroglandular dense breast or in microcalcification negative group.

scholarly journals Application of Furcellaran Nanocomposite Film as Packaging of Cheese

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1428
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Pluta-Kubica ◽  
Ewelina Jamróz ◽  
Gohar Khachatryan ◽  
Adam Florkiewicz ◽  
Pavel Kopel
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Nanocomposite Film ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
In Situ Method ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Total Bacteria

There is a serious need to develop and test new biodegradable packaging which could at least partially replace petroleum-based materials. Therefore, the objective of this work was to examine the influence of the recently developed furcellaran nanocomposite film with silver nanoparticles (obtained by an in situ method) on the quality properties of two cheese varieties: a rennet-curd (gouda) and an acid-curd (quark) cheese. The water content, physicochemical properties, microbiological and organoleptic quality of cheese, and migration of silver nanoparticles were examined. Both the number of Lactococcus and total bacteria count did not differ during storage of gouda regardless of the packaging applied. The number of Lactococcus decreased in analogous quark samples. The use of the film slowed down and inhibited the growth of yeast in gouda and quark, respectively. An inhibitory effect of this film on mold count was also observed; however, only regarding gouda. The level of silver migration was found to be lower in quark than in gouda. The film improved the microbiological quality of cheeses during storage. Consequently, it is worth continuing research for the improvement of this film in order to enable its use in everyday life.

scholarly journals Comparison of In-Situ and Retrospective Self-Reports on Assessing Hearing Aid Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsiang Wu ◽  
Elizabeth Stangl ◽  
Octav Chipara ◽  
Anna Gudjonsdottir ◽  
Jacob Oleson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Outcome Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ecological Momentary

Abstract Background Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is a methodology involving repeated surveys to collect in-situ self-reports that describe respondents' current or recent experiences. Audiology literature comparing in-situ and retrospective self-reports is scarce. Purpose To compare the sensitivity of in-situ and retrospective self-reports in detecting the outcome difference between hearing aid technologies, and to determine the association between in-situ and retrospective self-reports. Research Design An observational study. Study Sample Thirty-nine older adults with hearing loss. Data Collection and Analysis The study was part of a larger clinical trial that compared the outcomes of a prototype hearing aid (denoted as HA1) and a commercially available device (HA2). In each trial condition, participants wore hearing aids for 4 weeks. Outcomes were measured using EMA and retrospective questionnaires. To ensure that the outcome data could be directly compared, the Glasgow Hearing Aid Benefit Profile was administered as an in-situ self-report (denoted as EMA-GHABP) and as a retrospective questionnaire (retro-GHABP). Linear mixed models were used to determine if the EMA- and retro-GHABP could detect the outcome difference between HA1 and HA2. Correlation analyses were used to examine the association between EMA- and retro-GHABP. Results For the EMA-GHABP, HA2 had significantly higher (better) scores than HA1 in the GHABP subscales of benefit, residual disability, and satisfaction (p = 0.029–0.0015). In contrast, the difference in the retro-GHABP score between HA1 and HA2 was significant only in the satisfaction subscale (p = 0.0004). The correlations between the EMA- and retro-GHABP were significant in all subscales (p = 0.0004 to <0.0001). The strength of the association ranged from weak to moderate (r = 0.28–0.58). Finally, the exit interview indicated that 29 participants (74.4%) preferred HA2 over HA1. Conclusion The study suggests that in-situ self-reports collected using EMA could have a higher sensitivity than retrospective questionnaires. Therefore, EMA is worth considering in clinical trials that aim to compare the outcomes of different hearing aid technologies. The weak to moderate association between in-situ and retrospective self-reports suggests that these two types of measures assess different aspects of hearing aid outcomes.

Photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline under visible light using TiO2@sulfur doped carbon nitride nanocomposite synthesized via in-situ method

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 105560
Author(s):  
Krishnan Divakaran ◽  
Amanulla Baishnisha ◽  
Vellaichamy Balakumar ◽  
Krishnan Nattamai Perumal ◽  
Chandran Meenakshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
In Situ Method
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