scholarly journals Materials AIILnInO4 with Ruddlesden-Popper Structure for Electrochemical Applications: Relationship between Ion (Oxygen-Ion, Proton) Conductivity, Water Uptake, and Structural Changes

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Nataliia Tarasova ◽  
Irina Animitsa
Keyword(s):  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Proton Conductors ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ionic Conductors ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Oxygen Ion ◽  
Ion Proton ◽  
Layered Perovskites

In this paper, the review of the new class of ionic conductors was made. For the last several years, the layered perovskites with Ruddlesden-Popper structure AIILnInO4 attracted attention from the point of view of possibility of the realization of ionic transport. The materials based on Ba(Sr)La(Nd)InO4 and the various doped compositions were investigated as oxygen-ion and proton conductors. It was found that doped and undoped layered perovskites BaNdInO4, SrLaInO4, and BaLaInO4 demonstrate mixed hole-ionic nature of conductivity in dry air. Acceptor and donor doping leads to a significant increase (up to ~1.5–2 orders of magnitude) of conductivity. One of the most conductive compositions BaNd0.9Ca0.1InO3.95 demonstrates the conductivity value of 5∙10−4 S/cm at 500 °C under dry air. The proton conductivity is realized under humid air at low (<500 °C) temperatures. The highest values of proton conductivity are attributed to the compositions BaNd0.9Ca0.1InO3.95 and Ba1.1La0.9InO3.95 (7.6∙10−6 and 3.2∙10−6 S/cm correspondingly at the 350 °C under wet air). The proton concentration is not correlated with the concentration of oxygen defects in the structure and it increases with an increase in the unit cell volume. The highest proton conductivity (with 95−98% of proton transport below 400 °C) for the materials based on BaLaInO4 was demonstrated by the compositions with dopant content no more that 0.1 mol. The layered perovskites AIILnInO4 are novel and prospective class of functional materials which can be used in the different electrochemical devices in the near future.

scholarly journals Injectable Hydrogels: From Laboratory to Industrialization

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Jose Maria Alonso ◽  
Jon Andrade del Olmo ◽  
Raul Perez Gonzalez ◽  
Virginia Saez-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Process ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Injectable Hydrogels ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Process Validation ◽  
Characterization Techniques ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

The transfer of some innovative technologies from the laboratory to industrial scale is many times not taken into account in the design and development of some functional materials such as hydrogels to be applied in the biomedical field. There is a lack of knowledge in the scientific field where many aspects of scaling to an industrial process are ignored, and products cannot reach the market. Injectable hydrogels are a good example that we have used in our research to show the different steps needed to follow to get a product in the market based on them. From synthesis and process validation to characterization techniques used and assays performed to ensure the safety and efficacy of the product, following regulation, several well-defined protocols must be adopted. Therefore, this paper summarized all these aspects due to the lack of knowledge that exists about the industrialization of injectable products with the great importance that it entails, and it is intended to serve as a guide on this area to non-initiated scientists. More concretely, in this work, the characteristics and requirements for the development of injectable hydrogels from the laboratory to industrial scale is presented in terms of (i) synthesis techniques employed to obtain injectable hydrogels with tunable desired properties, (ii) the most common characterization techniques to characterize hydrogels, and (iii) the necessary safety and efficacy assays and protocols to industrialize and commercialize injectable hydrogels from the regulatory point of view. Finally, this review also mentioned and explained a real example of the development of a natural hyaluronic acid hydrogel that reached the market as an injectable product.

Fast Proton Conductors from Inorganic-Organic Composites: I. Amorphous Phosphate-Nafion and Silicophosphate-PMA/PWA Hybrids

1999 ◽  
Vol 600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Il Park ◽  
Jae-Dong Kim ◽  
Masayuki Nagai
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Proton Conductors ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
High Proton ◽  
Proton Source ◽  
Drastic Increase ◽  
Amorphous Phosphate ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
Very High

AbstractA drastic increase of electrical conductivity was observed in the composite of amorphous phosphate and ion-exchange resins (Nafion) as phosphorus concentration increased. Incorporation of amorphous phosphate into Nafion caused a large increase of conductivity to about 4×10−1S/cm at 23°C. However, the fabricated composite showed very low chemical stability.A high proton conductivity was also observed in a new inorganic-organic hybrids through incorporating PMA(molibdo-phosphoric acid)/PWA(tungsto-phosphoric acid) as a proton source in amorphous silicophosphate gel structure. Obtained gels were homogeneous and chemically stable. Resulting proton conductivity is very high (up to 5.5×10−3S/cm) compared to those of silicophosphate gels.

scholarly journals THE STATE AND PROGRESS OF OILSEEDS MARKET AND FOODS OF THEIR PROCESSING TRENDS ARE IN UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1(66)) ◽  
pp. 44-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.O ANTONYUK ◽  
V.M. LISYUK
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Export Price ◽  
Processing Condition ◽  
World Market ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Home Production ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Production Capacities ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Topicality. Actuality of problem of oilseeds market and foods of their processing development increases inconnection with the necessity of maintenance of existent volumes and leading positions of Ukraine in the world market, and also increases of efficiency of functioning component the integrated market. Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is an estimation of existent oilseeds market and foods of their processing condition, development of practical recommendations, both on the height of production and sales volumes and to efficiency in the conditions of action of the free trading with European Union. Research results. A oilseed market and foods of their processing analysis is conducted from the point of view of volume and structure as oilseeds raw material so vegetable oil. Measures are offered on the improvement of structure at the market of vegetable oils, meaning the heightof stake of soy-bean and rape oil. These measures areaimed at limitation of export of oilseeds raw material, especially soy and rape, and also all types of cake. Therow of measures of the custom adjusting is offered with the purpose of increase of home production and export of products with a greater valueadded. Conclusions. Strategic directions of oilseeds market and foods of their processing development include measures on limitation of export of raw material and on the increase of export of products with a greater valueadded. Keywords: world export, crop rotation, profitability, middle export price, export profit yield, production capacities, unrefined oil, structural changes

A mixed proton, oxygen ion, and electron conducting cathode for SOFCs based on oxide proton conductors

2010 ◽  
Vol 195 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Yang ◽  
Ze Liu ◽  
Shizhong Wang ◽  
YongMan Choi ◽  
Chendong Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Conductors ◽  
Oxygen Ion

Structural changes in the modern urban lifestyle

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Madina Arif kyzy Mekhdieva
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Geographical Environment ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Historical Nature

The article deals with the issues of urban settlements and urban lifestyle from the point of view of structural changes under the influence of transformational processes in the development of productive forces, tools and means of production. The author notes the historical nature of this process associated with the geographical environment, resources and migration flows under the influence of the development of capitalist relations. Some peculiarities of lifestyle in Baku as a city with an ancient history, with a number of characteristic features of a distinctive way of life, combining the traditions of several generations and different civilizations, are analyzed.

Polish-Jewish Relations and the January Uprising: The Polish Perspective

2004 ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
Magdalena Opalska
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Aspect ◽  
Jewish Question ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
Complex Structural ◽  
Positive Evaluation

This chapter focuses on Polish–Jewish relations and the January uprising. The memory of the pro-Polish orientation of the Jews in the January uprising remained alive throughout the 19th and in the early 20th centuries. The legend of patriotic ‘Poles of Mosaic faith’, which crystallized in the 1860s as a part of a broader romantic myth, gained a lasting place in literary tradition. The positive evaluation of the Jewish role generally remained artistically and ideologically rooted in the traditional romantic worldview. From that point of view, many later works can be seen as fossils of Polish romanticism. As the character of Polish–Jewish relations deteriorated, the Jewish legend of 1863 was continually revised in retrospect and it evolved in an increasingly negative fashion. Projecting new problems upon the past, Polish literature of the realist and modernist periods emphasized the economic aspect of Polish–Jewish relations and portrayed Jewish political loyalties with growing ambivalence. Echoing complex structural changes in post-insurrectionary Polish society as a whole, changes which brought about the revision of the larger myth of 1863, the evolution of its Jewish aspect followed closely the course of the debate on the so-called ‘Jewish question’.

scholarly journals Can the Isothermal Calorimetric Curve Shapes Suggest the Structural Changes in Micellar Aggregates?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5828
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Łudzik ◽  
Sebastian Woloszczuk ◽  
Wojciech Zając ◽  
Monika Jazdzewska ◽  
Andrey Rogachev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Gemini Surfactants ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Titration Calorimetry ◽  
Colloidal Systems ◽  
Micellar Aggregates ◽  
Cationic Gemini Surfactants ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Spacer Chain Length ◽  
Calorimetric Curve

Inspired by the unusual shapes of the titration curve observed for many surfactants and mixed colloidal systems, we decided to extend the analysis to isothermal titration calorimetric curves (ITC) by paying special attention to potential structural changes in micellar aggregates. In this paper, we used isothermal titration calorimetry in conjunction with Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM), Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) and X-ray Scattering (SAXS) methods support by Monte Carlo and semiempirical quantum chemistry simulations to confirm if the isothermal calorimetric curve shape can reflect micelle transition phenomena. For that purpose, we analysed, from the thermodynamic point of view, a group of cationic gemini surfactants, alkanediyl-α,ω-bis(dimethylalkylammonium) bromides. We proposed the shape of aggregates created by surfactant molecules in aqueous solutions and changes thereof within a wide temperature range. The results provide evidence for the reorganization processes and the relationship (dependence) between the morphology of the created aggregates and the conditions such as temperature, surfactant concentration and spacer chain length which affect the processes.

Proton transfer in polyamine–P2Mo5 model adducts: exploring the effect of polyamine cations on their proton conductivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (47) ◽  
pp. 17301-17309
Author(s):  
Shan Zhang ◽  
Ying Lu ◽  
Xiuwei Sun ◽  
Zhuo Li ◽  
Tianyi Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Transfer ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Proton Conductors

Polyamine–P2Mo5 model proton conductors composed of different polyamine cations and [HxP2Mo5O23](6−x)− (x = 0, 1, 2) anions were established.

2. English Retrospect.—Asylum Reports for 1875

1876 ◽  
Vol 22 (99) ◽  
pp. 479-487
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
General Tone ◽  
Good Purpose

Such of these Reports as have as yet come to hand are of average interest. There has not been anything particularly stirring in asylums, and the Reports share in the general placidity. We are gratified to notice that there is year by year a more general tone imparted to the medical portion of them, and that they are in some quarters becoming what they ought to be, namely, the expression of the sentiments derived from another year's experience in the management of the insane. We have never yet been able to see what good purpose was served by expending the rates in paying for the printing of a long story about incidents in the life of the asylum during the past year, addressed to the Committee who know all about them already. If there has been anything important in the alterations, improvements, and so on, the proper people to say so are the Committee themselves; and the Superintendent discharges his functions far better by putting his statistics into a readable shape, and pointing the moral of anything particular in them. Important questions of management and treatment will undoubtedly often arise out of structural changes, but they should be treated from a medical, not from a stone and lime point of view.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document