scholarly journals Transport Theorem for Spaces and Subspaces of Arbitrary Dimensions

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 899
Author(s):  
Jovo P. Jaric ◽  
Rade Vignjevic ◽  
Sinisa Dj. Mesarovic
Keyword(s):  
Differential Geometry ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Balance Equations ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Arbitrary Dimensions ◽  
Transport Theorem ◽  
Dimensional Domain

Using the apparatus of traditional differential geometry, the transport theorem is derived for the general case of a M-dimensional domain moving in a N-dimensional space, M ≤ N . The interesting concepts of curvatures and normals are illustrated with well-known examples of lines, surfaces and volumes. The special cases where either the space or the moving subdomain are material are discussed. Then, the transport at hypersurfaces of discontinuity is considered. Finally, the general local balance equations for continuum of arbitrary dimensions with discontinuities are derived.

An Executable Notation, With Illustrations From Elementary Crystallography

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald B. Mclntyre
Keyword(s):  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Periodic Structures ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Reciprocal Lattice ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cubic Symmetry ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
Crystallographic Axes

Elementary crystallography is an ideal context for introducing students to mathematical geology. Students meet crystallography early because rocks are made of crystalline minerals. Moreover, morphological crystallography is largely the study of lines and planes in real three-dimensional space, and visualizing the relationships is excellent training for other aspects of geology; many algorithms learned in crystallography (e.g., rotation of arrays) apply also to structural geology and plate tectonics. Sets of lines and planes should be treated as entities, and crystallography is an ideal environment for introducing what Sylvester (1884) called "Universal Algebra or the Algebra of multiple quantity." In modern terminology, we need SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) or even MIMD. This approach, initiated by W.H. Bond in 1946, dispels the mysticism unnecessarily associated with Miller indices and the reciprocal lattice; edges and face-normals are vectors in the same space. The growth of mathematical notation has been haphazard, new symbols often being introduced before the full significance of the functions they represent had been understood (Cajori, 1951; Mclntyre, 1991b). Iverson introduced a consistent notation in 1960 (e.g., Iverson 1960, 1962, 1980). His language, greatly extended in the executable form called J (Iverson, 1993), is used here. For information on its availability as shareware, see the Appendix. Publications suitable as tutorials in , J are available (e.g., Iverson. 1991; Mclntyre, 1991 a, b; 1992a,b,c; 1993). Crystals are periodic structures consisting of unit cells (parallelepipeds) repeated by translation along axes parallel to the cell edges. These edges define the crystallographic axes. In a crystal of cubic symmetry they are orthogonal and equal in length (Cartesian). Those of a triclinic crystal, on the other hand, are unequal in length and not at right angles. The triclinic system is the general case; others are special cases. The formal description of a crystal gives prominent place to the lengths of the axes (a, b, and c) and the interaxial angles ( α, β, and γ). A canonical form groups these values into a 2 x 3 table (matrix), the first row being the lengths and the second the angles.

scholarly journals QUANTUM CORRECTIONS TO ENTROPY OF CHARGED DILATONIC BLACK HOLES IN ARBITRARY DIMENSIONS

1994 ◽  
Vol 09 (38) ◽  
pp. 3509-3516 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIYOSHI SHIRAISHI
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Brick Wall ◽  
High Temperature Expansion ◽  
Dimensional Space Time ◽  
Cutoff Distance ◽  
Arbitrary Dimensions ◽  
Qualitative Argument ◽  
Dilaton Coupling ◽  
Dilatonic Black Hole

The quantum contribution of a scalar field to entropy of a dilatonic black hole is calculated in the brick wall model by the WKB method and analyzed by a high-temperature expansion. If the cutoff distance from the horizon approaches zero, the leading divergent piece of entropy turns out to be proportional to the “area” of the horizon surface (which has (N−1)-dimensional extension in (N+1)-dimensional space-time) and independent of other properties of black holes even in the case of general dilaton coupling. There is also qualitative argument with the known result of subleading divergence for N=3.

Continuous bodies with thermodynamically active singular sharp interfaces

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wolff ◽  
Michael Böhm
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Continuous Model ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Balance Equations ◽  
Moving Interfaces ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sharp Interfaces ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The subject of this comprehensive study is the general (mathematical) modeling of sharp (i.e. two-dimensional) interfaces without and with their own thermodynamical activity. We provide essential tools for the modeling of body-interface systems. Important items of the kinematics of singular (moving) interfaces as well as balance equations at interfaces will be addressed. Problems connected with material representation will be discussed. Special interfacial balances for mass, impulse, angular momentum, energy, mass of a tracer and of entropy will be considered including the discussion of special cases. As an illustrative example, a continuous model for a body with loss of material (e.g. due to mechanical treatment) will be developed in the framework presented.

scholarly journals On Certain Mappings of Riemannian Manifolds

1965 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 121-142
Author(s):  
Minoru Kurita
Keyword(s):  
Differential Geometry ◽  
Euclidean Space ◽  
Conformal Mapping ◽  
Riemannian Manifolds ◽  
Stereographic Projection ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Projection ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Special Case

In this paper we consider certain tensors associated with differentiable mappings of Riemannian manifolds and apply the results to a p-mapping, which is a special case of a subprojective one in affinely connected manifolds (cf. [1], [7]). The p-mapping in Riemannian manifolds is a generalization of a conformal mapping and a projective one. From a point of view of differential geometry an analogy between these mappings is well known. On the other hand it is interesting that a stereographic projection of a sphere onto a plane is conformal, while a central projection is projectve, namely geodesic-preserving. This situation was clarified partly in [6]. A p-mapping defined in this paper gives a precise explanation of this and also affords a certain mapping in the euclidean space which includes a similar mapping and an inversion as special cases.

Numerical Scheme for Generalized Isoparametric Constraint Variational Problems With A-Operator

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh K. Pandey ◽  
Om P. Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Scheme ◽  
Fractional Derivatives ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
Functional Space ◽  
Approximate Solutions ◽  
Variational Problems ◽  
Approximation Schemes ◽  
Finite Dimensional Space ◽  
Special Cases

This paper presents a numerical scheme for a class of Isoperimetric Constraint Variational Problems (ICVPs) defined in terms of an A-operator introduced recently. In this scheme, Bernstein’s polynomials are used to approximate the desired function and to reduce the problem from a functional space to an eigenvalue problem in a finite dimensional space. Properties of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of this problem are used to obtain approximate solutions to the problem. Results for two examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. In special cases the A-operator reduce to Riemann-Liouville, Caputo, Riesz-Riemann-Liouville and Riesz-Caputo, and several other fractional derivatives defined in the literature. Thus, the approach presented here provides a general scheme for ICVPs defined using different types of fractional derivatives. Although, only Bernstein’s polynomials are used here to approximate the solutions, many other approximation schemes are possible. Effectiveness of these approximation schemes will be presented in the future.

scholarly journals A Mathematical Approach to Establishing Constitutive Models for Geomaterials

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-hua Yang ◽  
Yu-xin Jie ◽  
Guang-xin Li
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Theory ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Constitutive Models ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Constitutive Theories ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Strain Relationship ◽  
Strain Space ◽  
New Framework

The mathematical foundation of the traditional elastoplastic constitutive theory for geomaterials is presented from the mathematical point of view, that is, the expression of stress-strain relationship in principal stress/strain space being transformed to the expression in six-dimensional space. A new framework is then established according to the mathematical theory of vectors and tensors, which is applicable to establishing elastoplastic models both in strain space and in stress space. Traditional constitutive theories can be considered as its special cases. The framework also enables modification of traditional constitutive models.

scholarly journals Any l-State Solutions of the Schrodinger Equation for q-Deformed Hulthen Plus Generalized Inverse Quadratic Yukawa Potential in Arbitrary Dimensions

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4 Jul-Aug) ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O. Edet ◽  
And P. O. Okoi
Keyword(s):  
Schrödinger Equation ◽  
Schrodinger Equation ◽  
Jacobi Polynomials ◽  
Generalized Inverse ◽  
Yukawa Potential ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Energy Eigenvalues ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Arbitrary Dimensions

The bound state approximate solution of the Schrodinger equation is obtained for the q-deformed Hulthen plus generalized inverse quadratic Yukawa potential (HPGIQYP) in -dimensions using the Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method and the corresponding eigenfunctions are expressed in Jacobi polynomials. Seven special cases of the potential are discussed and the numerical energy eigenvalues are calculated for two values of the deformation parameter in different dimensions.

scholarly journals Distance Between Two Circles In Any Number Of Dimensions Is A Vector Ellipse

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asli Pinar Tan
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mathematical Basis ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Position Data ◽  
Gravitational Pull ◽  
Elliptical Motion ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Moving Bodies

Based on measured astronomical position data of heavenly objects in the Solar System and other planetary systems, all bodies in space seem to move in some kind of elliptical motion with respect to each other, whereas objects follow parabolic escape orbits while moving away from Earth and bodies asserting a gravitational pull, and some comets move in near-hyperbolic orbits when they approach the Sun. In this article, it is first mathematically proven that the “distance between points on any two different circles in three-dimensional space” is equivalent to the “distance of points on a vector ellipse from another fixed or moving point, as in two-dimensional space.” Then, it is further mathematically demonstrated that “distance between points on any two different circles in any number of multiple dimensions” is equivalent to “distance of points on a vector ellipse from another fixed or moving point”. Finally, two special cases when the “distance between points on two different circles in multi-dimensional space” become mathematically equivalent to distances in “parabolic” or “near-hyperbolic” trajectories are investigated. Concepts of “vector ellipse”, “vector hyperbola”, and “vector parabola” are also mathematically defined. The mathematical basis derived in this Article is utilized in the book “Everyhing Is A Circle: A New Model For Orbits Of Bodies In The Universe” in asserting a new Circular Orbital Model for moving bodies in the Universe, leading to further insights in Astrophysics.

scholarly journals A block form of a singular pencil of operators and a method of obtaining it

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Operator ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Operator Pencil ◽  
Linear Operators ◽  
Singular Operator ◽  
Algebraic Equations ◽  
Finite Dimensional ◽  
Block Form ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Kronecker Canonical Form

A block form of a singular operator pencil $\lambda A+B$, where $\lambda$ is a complex parameter, and the linear operators $A$, $B$ act in finite-dimensional spaces, is described. An operator pencil $\lambda A+B$ is called regular if $n = m = rk(\lambda A+B)$, where $rk(\lambda A+B)$ is the rank of the pencil and $m$, $n$ are the dimensions of spaces (the operators map an $n$-dimensional space into an $m$-dimensional one); otherwise, if $n \ne m$ or $n = m$ and $rk(\lambda A+B)<n$, the pencil is called singular (irregular). The block form (structure) consists of a singular block, which is a purely singular pencil, i.e., it is impossible to separate out a regular block in this pencil, and a regular block. In these blocks, zero blocks and blocks, which are invertible operators, are separated out. A method of obtaining the block form of a singular operator pencil is described in detail for two special cases, when $rk(\lambda A+B) = m < n$ and $rk(\lambda A+B) = n < m$, and for the general case, when $rk(\lambda A+B) < n, m$. Methods for the construction of projectors onto subspaces from the direct decompositions, relative to which the pencil has the required block form, are given. Using these projectors, we can find the form of the blocks and, accordingly, the block form of the pencil. Examples of finding the block form for the various types of singular pencils are presented. To obtain the block form, in particular, the results regarding the reduction of a singular pencil of matrices to the canonical quasidiagonal form, which is called the Weierstrass-Kronecker canonical form, are used. Also, methods of linear algebra are used. The obtained block form of the pencil and the corresponding projectors can be used to solve various problems. In particular, it can be used to reduce a singular semilinear differential-operator equation to the equivalent system of purely differential and purely algebraic equations. This greatly simplifies the analysis and solution of differential-operator equations.

scholarly journals ANY l-STATE SOLUTIONS OF THE WOODS–SAXON POTENTIAL IN ARBITRARY DIMENSIONS WITHIN THE NEW IMPROVED QUANTIZATION RULE

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 3941-3952 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAMEER M. IKHDAIR ◽  
RAMAZAN SEVER
Keyword(s):  
Effective Potential ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Centrifugal Term ◽  
Saxon Potential ◽  
S Wave ◽  
Quantization Rule ◽  
Energy Eigenvalues ◽  
Arbitrary Dimensions ◽  
Pekeris Approximation

The approximated energy eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions of the spherical Woods–Saxon effective potential in D dimensions are obtained within the new improved quantization rule for all l-states. The Pekeris approximation is used to deal with the centrifugal term in the effective Woods–Saxon potential. The interdimensional degeneracies for various orbital quantum number l and dimensional space D are studied. The solutions for the Hulthén potential, the three-dimensional (D = 3), the s-wave (l = 0) and the cases are briefly discussed.

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