scholarly journals Bijective Mapping Analysis to Extend the Theory of Functional Connections to Non-Rectangular 2-Dimensional Domains

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1593
Author(s):  
Daniele Mortari ◽  
David Arnas
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Inverse Mapping ◽  
Projection Mapping ◽  
Bijective Mapping ◽  
Boundary Constraints ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Single Function ◽  
Mapping Analysis ◽  
Sequence Of Functions

This work presents an initial analysis of using bijective mappings to extend the Theory of Functional Connections to non-rectangular two-dimensional domains. Specifically, this manuscript proposes three different mappings techniques: (a) complex mapping, (b) the projection mapping, and (c) polynomial mapping. In that respect, an accurate least-squares approximated inverse mapping is also developed for those mappings with no closed-form inverse. Advantages and disadvantages of using these mappings are highlighted and a few examples are provided. Additionally, the paper shows how to replace boundary constraints expressed in terms of a piece-wise sequence of functions with a single function, which is compatible and required by the Theory of Functional Connections already developed for rectangular domains.

scholarly journals Graphene-Based Nanosystems: Versatile Nanotools for Theranostics and Bioremediation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Lúcio ◽  
Eduarda Fernandes ◽  
Hugo Gonçalves ◽  
Sofia Machado ◽  
Andreia C. Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Honeycomb Lattice ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
Imaging Strategy

Since its revolutionary discovery in 2004, graphene— a two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial consisting of single-layer carbon atoms packed in a honeycomb lattice— was thoroughly discussed for a broad variety of applications including quantum physics, nanoelectronics, energy efficiency, and catalysis. Graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) have also captivated the interest of researchers for innovative biomedical applications since the first publication on the use of graphene as a nanocarrier for the delivery of anticancer drugs in 2008. Today, GBNs have evolved into hybrid combinations of graphene and other elements (e.g., drugs or other bioactive compounds, polymers, lipids, and nanoparticles). In the context of developing theranostic (therapeutic + diagnostic) tools, which combine multiple therapies with imaging strategies to track the distribution of therapeutic agents in the body, the multipurpose character of the GBNs hybrid systems has been further explored. Because each therapy and imaging strategy has inherent advantages and disadvantages, a mixture of complementary strategies is interesting as it will result in a synergistic theranostic effect. The flexibility of GBNs cannot be limited to their biomedical applications and, these nanosystems emerge as a viable choice for an indirect effect on health by their future use as environmental cleaners. Indeed, GBNs can be used in bioremediation approaches alone or combined with other techniques such as phytoremediation. In summary, without ignoring the difficulties that GBNs still present before being deemed translatable to clinical and environmental applications, the purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the remarkable potential of GBNs on health by presenting examples of their versatility as nanotools for theranostics and bioremediation.

scholarly journals Two-Dimensional Materials in Large-Areas: Synthesis, Properties and Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Zavabeti ◽  
Azmira Jannat ◽  
Li Zhong ◽  
Azhar Ali Haidry ◽  
Zhengjun Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Large Crystal ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Future Technology ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Two Dimensional Materials ◽  
Synthesis Properties ◽  
Synthetic Routes

AbstractLarge-area and high-quality two-dimensional crystals are the basis for the development of the next-generation electronic and optical devices. The synthesis of two-dimensional materials in wafer scales is the first critical step for future technology uptake by the industries; however, currently presented as a significant challenge. Substantial efforts have been devoted to producing atomically thin two-dimensional materials with large lateral dimensions, controllable and uniform thicknesses, large crystal domains and minimum defects. In this review, recent advances in synthetic routes to obtain high-quality two-dimensional crystals with lateral sizes exceeding a hundred micrometres are outlined. Applications of the achieved large-area two-dimensional crystals in electronics and optoelectronics are summarised, and advantages and disadvantages of each approach considering ease of the synthesis, defects, grain sizes and uniformity are discussed.

General principles of echocardiography

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madalina Garbi ◽  
Jan D’hooge ◽  
Evgeny Shkolnik
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Image Interpretation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Ultrasound Waves ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Biologic Effects ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
And Function

Echocardiography uses ultrasound waves to generate images of cardiovascular structures and to display information regarding the blood flow through these structures. Knowledge of basic ultrasound principles and current technology is essential for image interpretation and for optimal use of equipment during image acquisition and post-processing. This chapter starts by presenting the physics of ultrasound and the construction and function of instruments. Image formation, optimization, display, presentation, storage, and communication are explained. Advantages and disadvantages of available imaging modes (M-mode, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional) are detailed and imaging artefacts are illustrated. The potential biologic effects of ultrasound and the need for quality assurance are discussed.

Boundary tracing and boundary value problems: I. Theory

2007 ◽  
Vol 463 (2084) ◽  
pp. 1909-1924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L Anderson ◽  
Andrew P Bassom ◽  
Neville Fowkes
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Nonlinear Problems ◽  
Boundary Curve ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Partial Differential ◽  
Boundary Constraints ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
Boundary Tracing ◽  
Analytical Tools

Given an exact solution of a partial differential equation in two dimensions, which satisfies suitable conditions on the boundary of the domain of interest, it is possible to deform the boundary curve so that the conditions remain fulfilled. The curves obtained in this manner can be patched together in various ways to generate a remarkably broad range of domains for which the boundary constraints remain satisfied by the initial solution. This process is referred to as boundary tracing and works for both linear and nonlinear problems. This article presents a general theoretical framework for implementing the technique for two-dimensional, second-order, partial differential equations with a general flux condition imposed around the boundary. A couple of simple examples are presented that serve to demonstrate the analytical tools in action. Applications of more intrinsic interest are discussed in the following paper.

A survey on the conceptual design of hypersonic aircraft powered by RBCC engine

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622098201
Author(s):  
Xue Rui ◽  
He Xin ◽  
Liu Feixing ◽  
Ma Xiaogang ◽  
Zheng Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Propulsion Performance ◽  
Hypersonic Aircraft ◽  
Axisymmetric Configuration

Rocket-based combined-cycle (RBCC) powered vehicles have been widely recognized as the most promising aircraft solution that could dramatically reduce the cost of space transportation. Researchers and scientists worldwide have conducted considerable overall design researches to cope with the challenges in RBCC development including mode transition, thermal protection and thrust enhancement. According to the way to orbit and the configuration characteristics, the hypersonic aircraft powered by RBCC engine are classified as four categories: single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) two-dimensional configuration, SSTO axisymmetric configuration, two-stage-to-orbit (TSTO) two-dimensional configuration, and TSTO axisymmetric configuration. This paper systematically presents the development of the conceptual design of RBCC-powered vehicles. Both the structural and operating key parameters like the weight distribution, the RBCC propulsion performance and take-off mode, et al. are introduced in detail. On this basis, a comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the orbit model, the configuration selection and takeoff modes are conducted. In addition, the application prospect and technology development direction for hypersonic aircraft are also discussed. At the same time, the lessons that can be drew from previous hypersonic vehicle concept design are explored.

scholarly journals Software in the Architectural Presentation And Design Of Buildings: State-Of-The-Art

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 2723-2729
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Ultimate Result ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Design Software ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2

Since in the recent years the architecture software have completely changed the work of architects, today, the architects begin to use software to achieve every kind of design that they are working for from the very beginning until the end. As presented in this paper, the choice of architectural software depends on the specific needs of the designs ranging from two-dimensional design to three-dimensional or BIM technologies. Since some architects prefer to use different software specific for the design that they are working on and they combine the results to produce the intended ultimate result, while some prefer only one software for the entire work, in this paper, it has been attempted to cover both cases.The main aim of this paper is to introduce the most used architectural and building design software from two-dimensional to BIM technologies to cover the needs of architects in the presentation and design of buildings. Twelve architectural and building design software were selected and classified depending on the purpose of their application. The selected software have been analyzed according to the BIM levels, and most commonly used software in every BIM level and their advantages and disadvantages are presented. Two software from BIM level 0, three software from BIM level 1, and four software from BIM level 2, together with 3 software for the design of buildings, a total of twelve software have been selected and technically described by giving the technical specifications, characteristics, application domains, limitation, technical popularity and capabilities that can be a complete guideline for architects and building designers to choose the suitable software to be applied in architectural and building design professions. Finally for the architectural presentation the software of BIM level 0 (AutoCAD LT and DraftSight), BIM level 1 (AutoCAD Architecture, Chief Architect and TurboCAD), BIM level 2 (ArchiCAD, Revit, Vectorworks Architect and Allplan Architecture), and for the buildings design the CSI software packages (SAP 2000, ETABS and SAFE) and STAAD.PRO software are recommended to be employed.

Imaging Transfer Devices Operated by PSD Mode a-Si P-I-N Junctions

1989 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yamaguchi ◽  
S. Murakami ◽  
S. Todo ◽  
Y. Tawada
Keyword(s):  
Image Sensor ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Large Area ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Display Devices ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Position Sensitive ◽  
Deposition Techniques

ABSTRACTTwo types of position sensitive device (PSD) using a-Si:H thin films have been developed. One has been produced by large area plasma CVD, with usual metal deposition techniques. The other is the application of a linear image sensor as a one dimensional position sensor. There are some advantages and disadvantages in these two types of position sensitive device. Resolution of the linear image sensor is limited by the size of the elements and the pitch; in contrast, uniformity of the electrodes on the p-i-n diode and thickness of the a-Si thin film are the key factors for the resolution of one and two dimensional analogue PSDs.The analogue PSD is applicable to a digitizer which takes the role of a man-machine (computer) interface. The large area two dimensional digitizer was fabricated using the same technique as large area solar cell production, and was shown to be useful as a drawing tool on a CRT or other display devices with the aid of a micro-computer.

scholarly journals Replication of centromere II of Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 5165-5172 ◽  
Author(s):  
J G Smith ◽  
M S Caddle ◽  
G H Bulboaca ◽  
J G Wohlgemuth ◽  
M Baum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schizosaccharomyces Pombe ◽  
Replication Initiation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Centromeric Dna ◽  
Repeat Elements ◽  
Autonomous Replication ◽  
Centromere Function ◽  
Mapping Analysis ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Dna Elements

The centromeric DNAs of Schizosaccharomyces pombe chromosomes resemble those of higher eukaryotes in being large and composed predominantly of repeated sequences. To begin a detailed analysis of the mode of replication of a complex centromere, we examined whether any sequences within S. pombe centromere II (cen2) have the ability to mediate autonomous replication. We found a high density of segments with such activity, including at least eight different regions comprising most of the repeated and unique centromeric DNA elements. A physical mapping analysis using two-dimensional gels showed that autonomous replication initiated within the S. pombe sequences in each plasmid. A two-dimensional gel analysis of replication on the chromosomes revealed that the K and L repeat elements, which occur in multiple copies at all three centromeres and comprise approximately 70% of total centromeric DNA mass in S. pombe, are both sites of replication initiation. In contrast, the unique cen2 central core, which contains multiple segments that can support autonomous replication, appears to be repressed for initiation on the chromosome. We discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of DNA replication and centromere function.

Shape Optimal Structural Design Using Boundary Elements and Minimum Compliance Techniques

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Mota Soares ◽  
H. C. Rodrigues ◽  
K. K. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Boundary Elements ◽  
Linearization Method ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Minimum Compliance ◽  
Element Technique

Shape optimal design of two-dimensional elastic components is formulated using boundary elements. The design objective is to minimize compliance of the structure, subject to an area constraint. All degrees of freedom of the model are at the boundary and there is no need for calculating displacements and stresses in the domain. Formulations based on linear and quadratic boundary elements are developed. The corresponding nonlinear programing problem is solved by Pshenichny’s linearization method. The model is applied to shape optimal design of several elastic structural components. The advantages and disadvantages of the boundary element method over the finite element technique for shape optimal design of structures are discussed, with reference to applications.

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