scholarly journals Development of Growth Media from Agricultural By-Products for Cultivation of PUFA-Producing Sicyoidochytrium minutum

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Heiðrún Eiríksdóttir ◽  
Magnús Örn Stefánsson ◽  
Hjörleifur Einarsson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Marine Oils ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
By Products

The demand for novel sources of marine oils, which contain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), has increased due to the realization of the importance of PUFAs, e.g., docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in the human diet. However, the natural supply is limited. By-product peptones (BYPP) intended as a growth medium for the PUFA-producing strain Sicyoidochytrium minutum of family Thraustochytriaceae were produced after several experiments on the pancreatic digestion of bovine lungs and spleens. S. minutum was able to grow in a medium containing BYPP made from the pancreatic digestion of lung and spleen with glycerol, resulting in 1.14 ± 0.03 g cell dry weight (CDW)/L and 1.44 ± 0.24 g CDW/L, respectively, after 5 days of incubation at 25 °C, compared to 1.92 ± 0.25 g CDW/L in Basal Medium (BM) containing tryptone, peptone, and glycerol. The lipid content, obtained after growth in lung BYPP media with glycerol as a carbon source, was significantly higher (28.17% ± 1.33 of dry weight) than in the control basal medium (BM) (21.72% ± 2.45); however, DHA as a percentage of total fatty acids was lower in BYPP than in the control BM (25.24% ± 1.56 and 33.02% ± 2.37, respectively). It is concluded that low-value by-products from abattoirs can be used as ingredients for the cultivation of oligogenic Thraustochytriaceae.

scholarly journals Bicarbonate for microalgae cultivation: a case study in a chlorophyte, Tetradesmus wisconsinensis isolated from a Norwegian lake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikumi Umetani ◽  
Eshetu Janka ◽  
Michal Sposób ◽  
Chris J. Hulatt ◽  
Synne Kleiven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

AbstractBicarbonate was evaluated as an alternative carbon source for a green microalga, Tetradesmus wisconsinensis, isolated from Lake Norsjø in Norway. Photosynthesis, growth, and lipid production were studied using four inorganic carbon regimes: (1) aeration only, (2) 20 mM NaHCO3, (3) 5% (v/v) CO2 gas, and (4) combination of 20 mM NaHCO3 and 5% CO2. Variable chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis revealed that the bicarbonate treatment supported effective photosynthesis, while the CO2 treatment led to inefficient photosynthetic activity with a PSII maximum quantum yield as low as 0.31. Conversely, bicarbonate and CO2 treatments gave similar biomass and fatty acid production. The maximum growth rate, the final cell dry weight, and total fatty acids under the bicarbonate-only treatment were 0.33 (± 0.06) day−1, 673 (± 124) mg L−1 and 75 (± 5) mg g−1 dry biomass, respectively. The most abundant fatty acid components were α-linolenic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids constituting 69% of the total fatty acids. The fatty acid profile eventuated in unsuitable biodiesel fuel properties such as high degree of unsaturation and low cetane number; however, it would be relevant for food and feed applications. We concluded that bicarbonate could give healthy growth and comparative product yields as CO2.

Recent progress on immobilization technology in enzymatic conversion of marine by-products to concentrated omega-3 fatty acids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Liu ◽  
Deepika Dave
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Enzymatic Conversion ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Immobilization Technology ◽  
By Products

Marine by-products (heads, frames, trimmings, viscera, skin and scales) have been extensively investigated as sources of marine omega-3 fatty acids (mainly eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid). Traditionally, extraction of fish...

scholarly journals Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Is a Potential Food Supplement with the Capacity to Outperform Chlorella and Spirulina

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6736
Author(s):  
Randa Darwish ◽  
Mohamed A. Gedi ◽  
Patchaniya Akepach ◽  
Hirut Assaye ◽  
Abdelrahman S. Zaky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a green microalgae used as a model organism associated with biotechnological applications, yet its nutritional value has not been assessed. This study investigates the nutritional capacity of C. reinhardtii as an additional value for this species beyond its known potential in biofuels and bio-products production. The composition of key nutrients in C. reinhardtii was compared with Chlorella and Spirulina, the species widely regarded as a superfood. The results revealed that the protein content of C. reinhardtii (46.9%) was comparable with that of Chlorella (45.3) and Spirulina (50.4%) on a dry weight basis. C. reinhardtii contained all the essential amino acids with good scores based on FAO/WHO values (0.9–1.9) as in Chlorella and Spirulina. Unsaturated fatty acids predominated the total fatty acids profile of C. reinhardtii were ~74 of which ~48% are n-3 fatty acids. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) content in C. reinhardtii (42.4%) was significantly higher than that of Chlorella (23.4) and Spirulina (0.12%). For minerals, Spirulina was rich in iron (3.73 mg/g DW) followed by Chlorella (1.34 mg/g DW) and C. reinhardtii (0.96 mg/g DW). C. reinhardtii, unlike the other two species, consisted of selenium (10 µg/g DW), and had a remarkably lower heavy metal load. Moreover, C. reinhardtii contained relatively high concentrations of chlorophyll (a + b) and total carotenoids (28.6 mg/g DW and 6.9 mg/g DW, respectively) compared with Chlorella (12.0 mg/g DW and 1.8 mg/g DW, respectively) and Spirulina (8.6 mg/g DW and 0.8 mg/g DW, respectively). This study confirms that, based on its nutrient credentials, C. reinhardtii has great potential as a new superfood or ingredient for a food supplement.

SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE LIPID AND WATER CONTENT OF THE THYMUS GLAND IN ALBINO RATS BEARING WALKER CARCINOMA 256

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldon M. Boyd ◽  
Valmore Fontaine ◽  
J. Gilbert Hill
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Free Cholesterol ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Thymus Gland ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Walker Carcinoma

The investigation was designed to measure hydrolipotropic variations in the thymus gland of albino rats bearing Walker carcinoma 256. This was done upon 27 pairs of littermate albino rats, one of each pair inoculated and one not inoculated with Walker carcinoma 256. The life history of the tumor was evenly represented in the series. Tumor growth was found to be accompanied by a statistically significant increase in total body weight, due to water retention, and decrease in the weight of the thymus gland. The total amount of water, dry weight, total lipid, neutral fat, total fatty acids, free cholesterol, and phospholipid were significantly less in the thymus gland of tumor-bearing albino rats. The concentrations, per unit dry weight, of total lipid, neutral fat, and total fatty acids in the thymus gland were not significantly affected by tumor growth. The similar concentrations of water, total cholesterol, free cholesterol, and phospholipid were significantly increased in the thymus gland of tumor-bearing albino rats. These changes indicated a hydrolipotropic effect of the tumor upon the thymus gland. A pyramidal, up-and-down, change in the concentrations of phospholipid and the three cholesterol fractions in the thymus gland at T/RC coefficients of 30 to 60, together with a marked loss of weight by the gland, suggested the effect upon the thymus gland of factor(s) other than the hydrolipotropic influence.

scholarly journals Rapeseeds a Rich Source of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Cristina Emanuela Enăşcuţă ◽  
Elena Emilia Oprescu ◽  
Adrian Radu ◽  
Elena Radu ◽  
Marian Deaconu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Stroke Prevention ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Brain Functions

In human diet, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), have an essential role in optimal brain functions and stroke prevention, specially, omega-3 fatty acids, e.g., 9,12,15-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3), 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5), and 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6). [...]

The fatty acid composition of the leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea and its jellyfish prey

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Holland ◽  
J. Davenport ◽  
J. East
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pectoral Muscle ◽  
Dermochelys Coriacea ◽  
Leatherback Turtle ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

The leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea (L.) studied was a male, weighing 916 kg, with a total dorsal length of 291 cm. It was beached on the Welsh coast, UK in September 1988 and is currently the largest leatherback ever recorded.Total lipid formed between 87.5 and 95.4% of the dry weight of representative samples of the blubber and 43.0% and 4.9% of the liver and pectoral muscle respectively. High levels of neutral lipid in the liver (79.0% of the total lipid) as well as the blubber (87.6–99.9% of the total lipid) suggest an important energy storage function for these tissues.Overall, with the notable exception of 22:lwll, fatty acids which are found in a putative jellyfish diet of Rhizostoma, Amelia, Cyanea and Chrysaora are also present in the leatherback liver and muscle, blubber and other fatty tissues. Fatty acid 22:lwll is present in the jellyfish samples, but is absent or at trace levels only in the leatherback tissues (0.1–0.3% of the total fatty acids).The polyunsaturated fatty acids of the w3 series 20:5w3, 22:5w3 and 22:6w3 are well represented in leatherback adipose tissues, muscle and liver as well as in the jellyfish examined. The leatherback and jellyfish lipids are therefore marine in character, but are also similar to terrestrial animal lipid in having a high proportion of fatty acids of the w6 series, principally arachidonic acid, 20:4w6. The significant levels of 20:4w6 in jellyfish total lipid (9.7–20.0% of the total fatty acids) and in the leatherback neutral lipid (1.0–10.9% of the total fatty acids) and phospholipid (0.6–15.5% of total fatty acids) fractions of all tissues sampled suggests that arachidonic acid assumes more importance in food chain relationships involving leatherbacks than in other marine food webs such as those involving fish.

Observations on the effect of the rediae of Fasciola hepatica on the lipid composition of the hepatopancreas of Lymnaea truncatula

Parasitology ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Southgate
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Phosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Major Fatty Acid ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Esterified Sterols

In the uninfected hepatopancreas of L. truncatula 7·0–11·0% of the dry weight is lipid. Of the total lipid 60% is neutral lipid and 40% is phospholipid. Free fatty acid is the major neutral lipid component; triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, sterols and esterified sterols are also present. The phospholipids identified were phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, lyso-phosphatidyl choline and sphingomyelin. The fatty acids were analysed by gas chromatography. The major fatty acid is C16 (palmitic) and 60% of the total fatty acids are saturated.In the hepatopancreas of L. truncatula infected with the rediae of F. hepatica, but with the rediae removed, 5·4–9·4% of the dry weight is lipid. Of this total lipid 73% is neutral lipid and 27% is phospholipid. All the fractions of neutral lipid, except the fatty acids are smaller than in the uninfected hepatopancreas. The fatty acids show an increase of 38%. The same phospholipids identified in the uninfected hepatopancreas are present, but all the fractions show a decrease in amount with the exception of the phosphatidyl choline fraction, which is present in approximately equal amounts in both the uninfected and the infected hepatopancreas. The major fatty acid is palmitic acid.

scholarly journals Lipid Content and Fatty Acids of Pecan Pollen

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1191-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy E. Thompson ◽  
Samuel D. Senter ◽  
L.J. Grauke
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Carya Illinoinensis ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Stored Energy ◽  
Mass Spectral Analysis ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Percent Composition ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Main Effects

Pollen from five cultivars of pecans [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] was analyzed for cytoplasmic lipid classes and constituent fatty acids. Lipid classes in all cultivars included free fatty acids, triglycerides, and the phosphatide of inositol, serine, choline, glycerol, and ethanolamine. Triglycerides were the predominant class of lipids in all cultivars analyzed. Gas chromatography and mass spectral analysis were used to identify and quantify the fatty acids, which included palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic. Quantities of individual and total fatty acids varied greatly and were influenced significantly by cultivar, year, and location, as well as by interactions of main effects The percent composition of individual fatty acids was remarkably stable, despite wide variation in quantities of fatty acids. Therefore, pollen fatty acid ratios may be a valuable measure of taxonomic relationship across Carya sp. Total fatty acids varied from 2.53% to 0.25% of dry weight. Variability in stored energy in the form of lipids may affect orchard production.

LIPID AND WATER LEVELS IN THE KIDNEYS OF ALBINO RATS BEARING WALKER CARCINOMA 256

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldon M. Boyd ◽  
Arne O. Tikkala
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Free Cholesterol ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Walker Carcinoma

The kidneys of 54 pairs of twin albino rats, one inoculated and one not inoculated with Walker carcinoma 256, were analyzed for water, total lipid, neutral fat, total fatty acids, total cholesterol, ester cholesterol, free cholesterol, and phospholipid, calculated as gm. per 100 gm. nonlipid dry weight. Compared with the kidneys of their nontumor-bearing littermates, the kidneys of tumor-bearing rats exhibited no significant change in wet weight and in concentration of total lipid, neutral fat, total fatty acids, and ester cholesterol. There was a significant increase in concentration of water, total cholesterol, free cholesterol, and phospholipid. The increase was toward concentrations of corresponding elements in Walker carcinoma 256. The changes became evident in animals bearing tumors weighing 20 to 40% or more of host weight.

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