scholarly journals Dental caries prevalence among 12–15-year-olds in Lithuania between 1983 and 2005

Medicina ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Milčiuvienė ◽  
Eglė Bendoraitienė ◽  
Vilija Andruškevičienė ◽  
Julija Narbutaitė ◽  
Jurgina Sakalauskienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
T Score ◽  
Health Organization

Objective. To analyze the dynamics of prevalence and severity of dental caries among 12- and 15-year-old schoolchildren in six regions of Lithuania. Material and methods. A total of 5910 schoolchildren aged 12 and 15 years were examined. Dental caries was diagnosed according to the criteria of World Health Organization. The prevalence of dental caries was calculated by dividing the number of children with caries by the number of all children examined and expressed as percentage. Severity of dental caries was described by DMF-T index. DMF-T indices of individual persons as well as each age group were determined. Oral hygiene was evaluated by a simplified oral hygiene index. Fluoride concentration in Kretinga was 1.6–2.2 ppm; in the other regions, it varied between 0.2 to 0.4 ppm. Results. The prevalence of dental caries among 12-year-olds was 88.4% in 1983 and 85.5% in 2005; among 15-year-olds, it was 95.5% and 92.9%, respectively. Mean DMF-T score decreased from 4.5 (in 1983) to 3.7 (in 2005) among 12-year-olds and from 6.4 (in 1983) to 5.6 (in 2005) among 15-year-olds. Oral hygiene index decreased from 1.69 in 1983 to 1.34 in 2005 among 12-year-olds and from 1.46 to 1.22 among 15-year-olds, respectively. Conclusions. A tendency towards decrease in the prevalence and severity of dental caries was observed, when caries prevention program was running. Correlation between oral hygiene and DMF-T was observed in both age groups. Decreased prevalence and intensity of dental caries among 12- and 15-year-olds were associated with improved oral hygiene, usage of fluoride toothpaste, and fluoride content in drinking water.

scholarly journals Changes in Caries Prevalence and Oral Hygiene Skills Among Preschool-Aged Children in Lithuania Between 2000 and 2010

Medicina ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Jaunė Razmienė ◽  
Giedrius Vanagas ◽  
Eglė Bendoraitienė ◽  
Vilija Andriuškevičienė ◽  
Eglė Slabšinskienė
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Health Organization

The aim of the study was to evaluate the factors associated with the prevalence and severity of dental caries as well oral hygiene habits among 4- to 6-year-old children in Kaunas (Lithuania) in 2000 and 2010. Material and Methods. A repeated cross-sectional study was carried out to reveal the changes in dental caries prevalence in 2000 and 2010. The study population comprised 4- to 6-year-old children living in Kaunas city and attending kindergartens. The study consisted of two parts: questionnaires on oral health behavior and clinical examination of children’s teeth by the World Health Organization methodology. Results. A total of 941 4–6-year-old children were examined in 2000 and 2010. The prevalence of dental caries increased from 85.4% in 2000 to 88.4% in 2010; however, the difference was not significant (P=0.28). A significant increase in the dmf-t index, describing the severity of dental caries, was observed (from 7.42 in 2000 to 12.03 in 2010, P<0.001). The percentage of 4- to 5-yearold girls and 5-year-old boys brushing their teeth regularly decreased in 2010. During the period of the study, a significant change in the accumulation of plaque on children’s tooth surfaces was documented (P=0.001). Conclusions. Comparing 2000 and 2010, no significant difference in the prevalence of dental caries among 4- to 6-year-old children in Kaunas was observed; however, the severity of dental caries differed significantly. A significant decrease in regular toothbrushing skills was documented for 4- and 5-year-old girls and 5-year-old boys. The Silness-Loe oral hygiene index was assessed as satisfactory.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Dental Caries in 5 – 6 Years and 12 – 13 Years Age Group of School Children of Kathmandu Valley

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (184) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Subedi ◽  
P Shakya ◽  
U KC ◽  
M Janawali ◽  
BD Paudyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
School Children ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Proportional Allocation ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: Dental caries is one of the most common conditions affecting the general health of children. The present study was carried out among school children of Kathmandu valley to determine the prevalence of dental caries in two age groups. Methods: The study was conducted from December 2007 to May 2008. The age of the school children of the study was divided into two group: 5 - 6 years and 12 - 13 years. A stratifi ed cluster sampling with proportional allocation was used while grouping the subjects. The dental status examination was done with the help of trained dentists. Decayed, missed and fi lled teeth index and decayed, missed and fi lled surfaces index (dmft for primary dentition and DMFT for permanent dentition) were used as the standard tools for the determination of prevalence. Results: A total of 638 students (325 of age group 12 - 13 years and 313 of age group 5 - 6 years) from 30 different schools of the Kathmandu valley were included in the study. The caries status was found higher in the age group of 5 - 6 years than in the 12 - 13 years and it was found to be statistically signifi cant (p < 0.001). The dmfs and caries percentage of the age group 5 - 6 years and the DMFS and caries percent of the 12 - 13 years was found to be 3.79, 69 % and 1.6, 53.23 % respectively. The dmft/dmfs value was found to be signifi cant according to the districts in the 5 - 6 years age group whereas the DMFS was found statistically signifi cant among the sexes of the 12 - 13 years age group. Conclusions: The caries percentage was found to be above the recommended level of the World Health Organization. However, the DMFS and DMFT values were within the WHO level. Keywords: Children, dental caries, DMF index.

scholarly journals Correlating Dental Caries with Tooth Brushing Frequency, Type of Toothpaste and Dental Visits

2014 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 009-015
Author(s):  
Vaibhav Munjal ◽  
Ritu Jindal ◽  
Rohini Dua ◽  
Ripin Garewal ◽  
Parveen Bathla
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tooth Brushing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dental Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Visits ◽  
Dental Professional ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Aim: This study was done to evaluate correlation of Dental Caries status with frequency of tooth brushing, type of toothpaste and regular dental visits in children. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out randomly on 2500 school children of two age groups viz. 12 and 15 years, and caries examination was done using WHO (World Health organization) 1997 criteria in order to correlate with various risk factors viz. brushing frequency, use of fluoridated/non-fluoridated toothpaste and frequency of child's visit to dental clinic. Results: In both the age groups brushing frequency and type of toothpaste used insignificantly affected caries while evidence that frequency of child's visit to dental clinic reduces caries risk was also not substantial. Conclusion: The present study implicates that due to complex multifactorial nature of dental caries, its prevention still remains an enigma for the dental professional and society.

scholarly journals Prevalence of melancholy in swat valley, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 148-156
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Simple Formula ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Complex Mechanism ◽  
Depressed Individual ◽  
Swat Valley ◽  
Health Organization

Melancholy is major mental challenges that is characterize by sadness, sleep disorder, decrease energy, etc. It also have a great social and mental consequences, it is well know that depression will be the second largest cause of disability globally till 2020. The risk are even higher in developed countries. According to world health organization globally it effect more than 121 million people. Depression is a complex and multi-dimensional anarchy according to it has many faces and cannot be describing by one simple formula because it originate from numerous complex mechanism. Multi-faced nature of depression makes it difficult to find out its etiology. The purpose of this study is to find out the prevalence of melancholy in different age groups and genders in district Swat. Overall 300 samples were collected randomly across different age groups and genders in which we found the prevalence of melancholy were 48.3% in which male depressed individual were 27.6% while female depressed were 20.6%. The number of depressed individual were maximum in age group vary from 10-20 which is 15%. To conclude depression is easily manageable but it need understanding that how to control your feeling and thought and think new and positively.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics of Children with HIV Initiated on Antiretroviral Treatment at HIV Clinics in Bloemfontein, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-155
Author(s):  
Andrew Walubo ◽  
Refuoe Baleni ◽  
Hillary Mukudu ◽  
Henry Kambafwile ◽  
Mukesh Dhedha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
World Health ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Age Group ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Number Of Children

Background and Objective: Over the past 15 years, there have been three major updates to the South African national guidelines for the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in children. The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics of children who were initiated on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Bloemfontein, South Africa, following these national treatment guidelines. Methods: Clinical information during initiation of ART in children aged 0-13 years was obtained from five HIV clinics in Bloemfontein from 2004 to 2019 as part of the establishment of an antiretroviral (ARV) pediatric registry at the University of the Free State. Data were analyzed for patient demographics, clinical presentation (World Health Organization (WHO) HIV-staging, growth rate and comorbid conditions), types of investigations done, and medicines prescribed. Results: The number of children initiated on ART increased from 168 in the period 2004-2009 to 349 (107.8%) in 2010-2014, and then dropped to 162 in the period 2015-2019. The increase in 2010-2014 was mainly in the <2 years age group by 54.8%, and in the 5 to 10 years age group by 344.4%. In the same period, the number of children with severe illness (WHO HIV-stage 4) decreased by 20.7%, while those with mild to moderate illness (WHO HIV-stage 2 and 3) increased by 17.3%. HIV infection was more severe in children under two years as more patients in this age group presented with WHO HIV-stages 3 and 4, severe underweight (below 3rd percentile), severely suppressed CD4 count (< 25%), and a high viral load (> 1000 copies/ml). There was increased use of ABC/3TC/LPVr in the < 3-year age group and ABC/3TC/EFV in the > 3-year age group. There was reduced use of the stavudine and other regimens. Conclusion and Global Health Implications: More children were started on ART and safer ARV drugs. Children under 2 years were the most debilitated by HIV, and there was an increase in HIV prevalence among children > 5 years. New strategies for the prevention and management of HIV among children in these two age groups are needed.   Copyright © 2021 Walubo et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.

scholarly journals A clinical study of anemia in children aged 6 months–5 years in a tertiary care center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 367-370
Author(s):  
Siva Saranappa ◽  
Jennifer Wu
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
World Health ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Anemia is the most commonly observed hematological diseases in children. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that globally, 1.62 billion people are anemic, with the highest prevalence of anemia (47.4%) among preschool-aged children. Of these 293 million children, 89 million live in India. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the factors causing anemia in children aged between 6 months and 5 years and its prevalence within this age group. Methods: This study is a prospective observational study conducted in KIMS Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka. A total of 200 children in the age group of 6 months–5 years with features of anemia or having hemoglobin <11 g/dl were included in the study for a duration of 18 months between January 2019 and June 2020. Detailed history was recorded and examination findings were noted. The data collected were tabulated and statistically analyzed accordingly. Results: About 57.5% of the children with anemia fell between the age group of 6 months and 2 years and 42.5% of children were in the age groups of 2–5 years. A male predominance was seen (61%) with male-to-female ratio of approximately 1.56:1. Most of the children were found to have mild (46%) and moderate anemia (46%) with only a minority (8%) presenting with severe anemia. About 56.5% of the children had a normal nutritional status while 41% were malnourished and 2.5% had both wasting and stunting. Exclusive breastfeeding (for 6 months) history was present in 59% of the children. These children belonged mostly to the upper lower (45%) and lower middle (41%) socioeconomic status. This study also showed anemia in children most commonly presented majorly with concurrent involvement of the respiratory system (31%) followed by infectious diseases (30%) and gastrointestinal disorders (23%). Conclusion: The current study concludes that iron deficiency anemia is a multifactorial hematological disease. Learning about the predisposing risk factors can help to adopt the necessary precautions to prevent anemia in these children. Improving the nutritional status of the children by involving parents and counseling them regarding important feeding practices can help to prevent anemia.

scholarly journals Prevalence of black tooth stains and dental caries in Brazilian schoolchildren

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Gasparetto ◽  
Carlos Alberto Conrado ◽  
Sandra Mara Maciel ◽  
Ernesto Yiokihiro Miyamoto ◽  
Mariliane Chicarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Target Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation

This study evaluated the correlation between the presence of black extrinsic tooth stains and caries in Brazilian schoolchildren. The target population consisted of 263 children aged 6-12 years. Clinical examinations were performed by four dentists calibrated for the World Health Organization criteria for caries diagnosis. The c² test was used to compare the prevalence of caries between groups of children with and without black tooth stains. Spearman's correlation test was used to analyze the relationship between the presence of black stains and caries severity. Black stains were observed in 14.8% of the children. The number of children with caries-free permanent dentition was not statistically different between groups. The mean DMF-T was 1.46 ± 1.39 for children with black stains and 2.42 ± 2.09 for children without black stains. A negative correlation was observed between the presence (r = -0.16; p<0.05) and severity (r = -0.15; p<0.01) of black stains and DMF-T.

scholarly journals Prevalence of dental caries among children of SOS children's village in Croatia

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Zrinka Ivanisevic ◽  
Marko Matijevic ◽  
Zvonimir Uzarevic ◽  
Djordje Petrovic ◽  
Davor Jurlina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dental Instruments ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization

Background/Aim. Oral health is an integral part of general health and an important factor in the overall quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental caries among the children from the SOS Children?s Village in Croatia. Methods. The dental examinations based on the World Health Organization criteria were performed on 88 children from SOS Children?s Village in Croatia. The teeth were clinically examined with standard dental instruments using the visual-tactile method under standard light. The clinical indexes of decayed, missed, and filled (dmft and DMFT, for primary and permantnt teeth, respectively) and decayed, missed, and filled surfaces (DMFS), as well as the significant caries index (SiC) were recorded. Results. Among the children from the SOS Children?s Village caries incidence were 57.94%. The mean dmft, DMFT and DMFS of all children was 1.82, 1.90 and 2.82, respectively. The highest mean dmft and DMFT score of 4.24 and 2.56 was found among 7?10 and 11?14 years old children, respectively. The highest mean DMFS score of 3.85 and 3.90 was found among 11?14 years old children and among the children from the SOS Children?s Village Lekenik, respectively. Among all children, the SiC index was 4.69. There was a significant difference between age groups and children?s place of residence in DMFT, DMFS and SiC. Conclusion. Prevalence of dental caries is low among the children from the SOS Children?s Village in Croatia compared to the children who lived with biological families.

scholarly journals Dental caries status and trend in 5-, 7- and 12-year-old children from the Małopolskie region in comparison to the Polish population

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Staszczyk ◽  
Magdalena Kępisty ◽  
Iwona Kołodziej ◽  
Dorota Kościelniak ◽  
Iwona Gregorczyk-Maga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Polish Population ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Condition State ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Health Programme

Introduction. In 2016, 5-, 7- and 12-year-old children from the Małopolskie region were included in the study of oral health as part of the Nationwide Monitoring of Oral Health programme, which has been periodically implemented in selected index groups of the Polish population since 1997. Aim. To evaluate the prevalence and level of dental caries in 5-, 7- and 12-year-old children from the Małopolskie region and to observe the dental caries trend in this region in recent years in relation to the Polish population. Material and methods. The study covered 673 children from the Małopolskie region, including 223 aged 5, 225 aged 7 and 225 aged 12 years. Dental condition/state of dentition was examined according to the WHO recommendations and criteria. The prevalence and level of dental caries in children from the Małopolskie region were evaluated and compared with the results of earlier studies from this province. The obtained results were also compared with the results for the entire Polish population from the current and previous nationwide monitoring studies. The studies were conducted upon the consent of the Medical University of Warsaw Ethics Committee no. KB 190/2016. Results. Dental caries prevalence in 5-, 7- and 12-year-old children from the Małopolskie region that were covered by the study was 74.9, 84.9 and 81.8%, respectively. The average values of dmft were 4.55 (in the age group of 5) and 5.38 (in the age group of 7), while DMFT for particular age groups was 0.03, 0.56 and 3.54, respectively. Slight decrease in the value of these indications of caries is noticed for 5- and 7-year-old children from the Małopolskie region (decrease in prevalence by 2.5 and 6.7%, respectively, as well as a fall in the value of dmft by 0.71 in the age group of 5, relative to 2011). The group of 12-year-old children from our region, as the only one from the entire Polish population of children of this age, have kept a downward trend of caries prevalence (a fall by 12.7% relative to the monitoring study from 2010). This reduction needs to be confirmed in the next monitoring studies. Conclusions. The presented results indicate stable high prevalence of dental caries in children of the Małopolskie region and in the whole country. It is therefore necessary to enhance actions intended to improve this situation through education of both children and their parents, widespread prophylaxis, and greater health-oriented awareness of patients.

scholarly journals Dental caries experience in Indians of the Upper Xingu, Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Denise Leal RIGONATTO ◽  
José Leopoldo Ferreira ANTUNES ◽  
Paulo FRAZÃO
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
World Health ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Care Index

The present study describes the experience of dental caries in Indians communities of the Xingu, in order to supply parameters for further analysis of trends of the disease in Indians. We performed oral health examination in 288 Indians from four communities (Yawalapiti, Aweti, Mehinaku and Kamaiura) living in the southern part of the Xingu National Park, using international criteria defined by the World Health Organization. The outcome measures were the DMFT and dmft scores, and the care index. Indians of the Upper Xingu presented high levels of caries, in all age groups. The average DMFT for 11 to 13-year-old children - 5.93 - was lower than the index measured in 1993 for 12-year-old schoolchildren in nearby cities - 8.23 -, whose United Nations' human development index ranked medium. However, Indians presented a much lower care index, per age group, than these cities, and a high ratio of missing teeth for persons above 20 years old. These observations indicate low incorporation of dental care services. The irregularity of the services programmed for these communities, and the changing dietary and cultural patterns, mainly derived from their contact with the non-indigenous population of Brazil, reinforce the pressing need for health promotion initiatives aimed at these groups.

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