scholarly journals The effectiveness of long-term rehabilitation in patients with cardiovascular diseases

Medicina ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatas Vasiliauskas ◽  
Lina Jasiukevišiene ◽  
Raimondas Kubilius ◽  
Ruta Arbašiauskaite ◽  
Dovile Dovidaitiene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact

Background. Screening results of EuroAspire III study have revealed the failure of effective correction of cardiovascular risk factors in all 22 participating EU countries. How long should cardiac rehabilitation programs last to impact motivation for lifestyle change? Aim and objectives. To compare the impact of long-term (6 months) rehabilitation versus short-term (4 weeks) rehabilitation on the reduction of risk factors and cardiac events, as well as on the use of cardioprotective drugs. Methods. Study contingent of 150 patients, suffering from functional class III-IV (NYHA) chronic heart failure caused by ischemic and hypertensive cardiomyopathy, was subjected to complex rehabilitation: exercise training, dietary corrections, and smoking cessation. The patients were divided into two groups: long-term rehabilitation group (n=80) and short-term rehabilitation group (n=70). Blood pressure, body mass index, dietary habits, dyslipidemia, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, chronic fatigue, and use of cardioprotective drugs were evaluated in all patients at the onset of study, after 4 weeks, and 6 months. Cardiovascular events were estimated throughout the whole 6-month period. Results. In the long-term rehabilitation group, there was a significant reduction (P<0.05) in systolic blood pressure (151±9.2 vs. 135±9.7 mm Hg), diastolic blood pressure (92.3±6.5 vs. 75.4±3.8 mm Hg,) body mass index (35.4±3.5 vs. 27.2±4.8 kg/m2), dyslipidemia (56.3 vs. 23.4%), sedentary lifestyle (31.3 vs. 4.7%), and smoking (10.0 vs. 0%). The impact of a short-term rehabilitation was not significant. Because of cardiac events, 13 patients (16.3%) in the long-term rehabilitation group and 26 (16.3%) in the short-term rehabilitation group failed to complete the 6-month study (P<0.05). The following change in drug use pattern was noted in the long-term rehabilitation group: nitrates, 74 vs. 65%; digitalis, 42 vs. 32%; antiarrhythmic agents, 15 vs. 10%; statins, 36 vs. 20% (P<0.05). During 6 months, in both groups, because of better physician monitoring, there was no decrease in the use of major cardioprotective drugs, such as antiaggregants, beta-blockers, and ACE inhibitors. Conclusions. Long-term (6 months) versus short-term (4 weeks) rehabilitation of cardiovascular patients significantly reduces manifestation of major cardiovascular risk factors, the rate of cardiac events, chronic fatigue and improves the use of cardioprotective drugs.

Haematocrit: Relationships with Blood Lipids, Blood Pressure and other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (01) ◽  
pp. 058-064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goya Wannamethee ◽  
A Gerald Shaper
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe relationship between haematocrit and cardiovascular risk factors, particularly blood pressure and blood lipids, has been examined in detail in a large prospective study of 7735 middle-aged men drawn from general practices in 24 British towns. The analyses are restricted to the 5494 men free of any evidence of ischaemic heart disease at screening.Smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake and lung function (FEV1) were factors strongly associated with haematocrit levels independent of each other. Age showed a significant but small independent association with haematocrit. Non-manual workers had slightly higher haematocrit levels than manual workers; this difference increased considerably and became significant after adjustment for the other risk factors. Diabetics showed significantly lower levels of haematocrit than non-diabetics. In the univariate analysis, haematocrit was significantly associated with total serum protein (r = 0*18), cholesterol (r = 0.16), triglyceride (r = 0.15), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.17) and heart rate (r = 0.14); all at p <0.0001. A weaker but significant association was seen with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.09, p <0.001). These relationships remained significant even after adjustment for age, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake, lung function, presence of diabetes, social class and for each of the other biological variables; the relationship with systolic blood pressure was considerably weakened. No association was seen with blood glucose and HDL-cholesterol. This study has shown significant associations between several lifestyle characteristics and the haematocrit and supports the findings of a significant relationship between the haematocrit and blood lipids and blood pressure. It emphasises the role of the haematocrit in assessing the risk of ischaemic heart disease and stroke in individuals, and the need to take haematocrit levels into account in determining the importance of other cardiovascular risk factors.

scholarly journals The role of physical activity on cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Nadia Dwi Insani ◽  
Sukman Tulus Putra ◽  
Agus Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
Activity Group

Background Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerotic process increases rapidly during adolescence. Physical activity is considered important in this period to modify cardiovascular risk factors, thus preventing disease in the future.Objective To determine whether different physical activity status in adolescence can influence body mass index (BMBMI), waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure (BP), and blood lipid profile.Methods This was a cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted from December 2009 to January 2010. Adolescents who fulfilled the study criteria were classified into high and low physical activity category. Further examination including body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure, and blood lipid profile were performed.Results Adolescents with high physical activity had higher, but statistically insignificant, BMBMI compared to adolescents in the P=0.493] and significantly lower waist-to-hip ratio [0.80 (range 0.73-0.9) vs.. 0.82 (range 0.7-0.9), P=0.019]. Difference in BP was not statistically significant between both groups [diastolic BP (70 (range 60-90) mmHg vs. 70 (range 60-90) mmHg, P=0.148; systolic BP 100 (range 90-130) mmHg vs. 100 (range 90-140) mmHg, P=0.228)]. Blood lipid examination in the high activity group showed significantly higher HDL cholesterol and lower triglyceride compared to the low activity group [HDL 59.8 (SD 11.8) mg/dL vs. 54.7 (SD 8.9) mg/dL; p=0.044; triglyceride: 60 (range 32-203) mmHg vs. 82 (range 37-198) mmHg, P=0.014]. Total and LDL cholesterol [total cholesterol 169.8 (SD 28.6) mmHg vs. 181.2 (SD 30.8) mmHg, P=0.107; LDL 103.6 (SD 26.8) mmHg vs. 114.1 (SD 27.3) mmHg, P=0.100] were lower in the high activity group but not statistically different in both groups.Conclusions Adolescents with high physical activity show less cardiovascular risk factors compared to those in the low physical activity group.

Long-term effects (>24 months) of multiple lifestyle intervention on major cardiovascular risk factors among high risk subjects: a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Bergum ◽  
I Sandven ◽  
TO Klemsdal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Small Study ◽  
Long Term Effects

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): The Norwegian health department Background The evidence of the long-term effects of multiple lifestyle intervention on cardiovascular risk is uncertain. We aimed to summarize the evidence from randomized clinical trials examining the efficacy of lifestyle intervention on major cardiovascular risk factors in subjects at high cardiovascular risk. Methods  Eligible trials investigated the impact of lifestyle intervention versus usual care with minimum 24 months follow-up, reporting more than one major cardiovascular risk factor. A literature search updated April 15, 2020 identified 12 eligible studies. The results from individual trials were combined using fixed and random effect models, using the standardized mean difference (SMD) to estimate effect sizes. Small-study effect was evaluated, and heterogeneity between studies examined by subgroup and meta-regression analyses considering patient- and study-level variables. Results  Small-study effect was not identified. Lifestyle intervention reduced systolic blood pressure modestly with an estimated SMD of -0.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.21 to -0.04, with moderate heterogeneity (I² = 59%), corresponding to a mean difference of approximately 2 mmHg (MD = -1.86, 95% CI: -3.14 to -0.57, p = 0.0046). This effect disappeared in the subgroup of trials judged at low risk of bias (SMD = 0.02, 95% CI: -0.08 to 0.11). For the outcome total cholesterol SMD was -0.06, 95% CI: -0.13 to 0.00, with no heterogeneity (I² = 0%), indicating no effect of the intervention. Conclusion  Lifestyle intervention resulted in only a modest effect on systolic blood pressure and no effect on total cholesterol after 24 months. Further lifestyle trials should consider the challenge of maintaining larger long-term benefits to ensure impact on cardiovascular outcomes.

scholarly journals Paleolithic Diet—Effect on the Health Status and Performance of Athletes?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1019
Author(s):  
Barbara Frączek ◽  
Aleksandra Pięta ◽  
Adrian Burda ◽  
Paulina Mazur-Kurach ◽  
Florentyna Tyrała
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Paleolithic Diet ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this meta-analysis was to review the impact of a Paleolithic diet (PD) on selected health indicators (body composition, lipid profile, blood pressure, and carbohydrate metabolism) in the short and long term of nutrition intervention in healthy and unhealthy adults. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of 21 full-text original human studies was conducted. Both the PD and a variety of healthy diets (control diets (CDs)) caused reduction in anthropometric parameters, both in the short and long term. For many indicators, such as weight (body mass (BM)), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC), impact was stronger and especially found in the short term. All diets caused a decrease in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), albeit the impact of PD was stronger. Among long-term studies, only PD cased a decline in TC and LDL-C. Impact on blood pressure was observed mainly in the short term. PD caused a decrease in fasting plasma (fP) glucose, fP insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the short run, contrary to CD. In the long term, only PD caused a decrease in fP glucose and fP insulin. Lower positive impact of PD on performance was observed in the group without exercise. Positive effects of the PD on health and the lack of experiments among professional athletes require longer-term interventions to determine the effect of the Paleo diet on athletic performance.

scholarly journals Age at period cessation and trajectories of cardiovascular risk factors across mid and later life

Heart ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (7) ◽  
pp. 499-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Marie O'Keeffe ◽  
Diana Kuh ◽  
Abigail Fraser ◽  
Laura D Howe ◽  
Debbie Lawlor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo examine the association between age at period cessation and trajectories of anthropometry, blood pressure, lipids and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) from midlife to age 69 years.MethodsWe used data from the UK Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development to examine the association between age at period cessation and trajectories of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) from 36 to 69 years and trajectories of triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and HbA1c from 53 to 69 years.ResultsWe found no evidence that age at period cessation was associated with trajectories of log triglyceride, LDL-C and HDL-C from 53 to 69 years and trajectories of SBP or DBP from 36 to 69 years, regardless of whether period cessation occurred naturally or due to hysterectomy. While we found some evidence of associations of age at period cessation with log BMI, log WC and log HbA1c, patterns were not consistent and differences were small at age 69 years, with confidence intervals that spanned the null value.ConclusionHow and when women experience period cessation is unlikely to adversely affect conventional cardiovascular risk factors across mid and later life. Women and clinicians concerned about the impact of type and timing of period cessation on conventional cardiovascular intermediates from midlife should be reassured that the impact over the long term is small.

Physiological persona differences based on stress and inflammation between meditators and healthy controls

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipti Magan ◽  
Raj Kumar Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

AbstractBackgroundNowadays, yoga is endorsed and advised routinely to stay fit and healthy, as well as control many chronic diseases including diabetes type 2, hypertension, coronary artery diseases, etc. Now, our assumption is that those who do regular yoga have different persona than who do not do yoga regularly. We planned to test our hypothesis scientifically, and therefore baseline physiological characteristics with stress and inflammation levels in long-term and short-term meditators and healthy novice controls were analyzed.MethodsIn this retrospective analysis, 97 male participants were included for their Baseline analysis. Fifteen apparently healthy subjects practicing preksha meditation (since >5 years, at least 5 days a week) were included as long-term meditators (LTMs); 58 subjects who attended one of our short-term yoga-based lifestyle intervention programs for 2 weeks were included as short-term meditators (STMs); 24 male novice subjects, who did not participate in any yogic intervention, were included as healthy controls. Here, we analyzed the Baseline plasma levels of stress and inflammatory markers, cortisol, β-endorphin, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in long-term meditators vs. short-term meditators vs. healthy controls.Outcome measuresThe study parameters body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), plasma levels of stress and immune markers, cortisol, β-endorphin (β-Ed), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), were assessed in all the three groups at baseline.ResultsSignificant (p<0.05) differences were observed at baseline for plasma levels of stress and inflammatory markers as well as body mass index and systolic blood pressure among LTM vs. STM vs. healthy controls.ConclusionsOur observations suggest that the subjects who do regular yoga-meditation practice have better stress & inflammation status than comparable age matched healthy controls.

Cardiovascular risk factors in children after kidney transplantation - From short-term to long-term follow-up

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maital Kaidar ◽  
Michael Berant ◽  
Irit Krauze ◽  
Roxana Cleper ◽  
Eitan Mor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

scholarly journals MAJOR CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN A YOUNG WORKING POPULATION

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
N. A. Koryagina ◽  
I. N. Ryamzina ◽  
A. I. Shaposhnikova ◽  
E. N. Koltyrina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Working People

Aim. To assess the prevalence of major risk factors (RFs) of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a young working population.Material and methods. This cross-sectional study included 1832 respondents (70% men and 30% women; mean age 29,44±8,6 years). The levels of blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol (TCH), and body mass index (BMI), as well as the prevalence of smoking, were assessed.Results. Elevated office BP levels were registered in 10,5%, and isolated ambulatory arterial hypertension (AH) in 10%. Overall, AH prevalence in this young working population was 20%. Elevated BP was registered in 34,2% of individuals with hypercholesterolemia (TCH >5 mmol/l), compared to 18,2% in people with TCH <5 mmol/l (p<0,001).Conclusion. The most prevalent CVD RFs in working people under 40 were obesity and AH.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document