TiO2 Nanoparticle Filler-Based Mixed-Matrix PES/CA Nanofiltration Membranes for Enhanced Desalination

Mixed-matrix nanocomposite (PES/CA/PVP) membranes were fabricated for water desalination by incorporating varying amount of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) ranging from 0 and 2 wt. %. Efficient dispersion of nanoparticles within polymeric membranes was achieved using the chemical precipitation method for uniform surface generation, and an asymmetric morphology was achieved via phase inversion method. Finally, membranes were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), porosity and contact angle analysis. FTIR confirmed chemical composition of membranes in terms of polymers (PES/CA/PVP) and TiO2. TGA analysis confirmed an increase in thermal stability of membranes with the increase of TiO2 nanoparticles loading. The addition of TiO2 nanoparticles also resulted in an increase in porous structures due to an increase in mean pore size, as shown by SEM results. An increase in the hydrophilicity of the membranes was observed by increasing the concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles. The present study investigated pristine and mixed-matrix nanocomposite NF membrane performance while filtering a NaCl salt solution at varying concentration range (from 1 to 4 g/Lit 6 bar). The prepared membranes demonstrated significant improvement in water permeability and hydrophilicity. Further, to optimize the water flux and salt rejection, the concentration of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was optimized along with TiO2 nanoparticles. Both the water flux and salt rejection of the fabricated membranes were observed to increase with an increase inTiO2 nanoparticles to 2 wt. % loading with optimized PVP concentration, which demonstrated the improved desalination performance of resultant membranes.

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Fabrication and Characterization of Sulfonated Graphene Oxide (SGO) Doped PVDF Nanocomposite Membranes with Improved Anti-Biofouling Performance

Membranes ◽

10.3390/membranes11100749 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 749

Author(s):

Muhammad Zahid ◽

Tayyaba Khalid ◽

Zulfiqar Ahmad Rehan ◽

Talha Javed ◽

Saba Akram ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Pure Water ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Water Flux ◽

Inversion Method ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

X Rays ◽

Nanocomposite Membranes ◽

Sulfonated Graphene ◽

Bsa Rejection

Emergence of membrane technology for effective performance is qualified due to its low energy consumption, no use of chemicals, high removal capacity and easy accessibility of membrane material. The hydrophobic nature of polymeric membranes limits their applications due to biofouling (assemblage of microorganisms on surface of membrane). Polymeric nanocomposite membranes emerge to alleviate this issue. The current research work was concerned with the fabrication of sulfonated graphene oxide doped polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane and investigation of its anti-biofouling and anti-bacterial behavior. The membrane was fabricated through phase inversion method, and its structure and morphology were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-rays diffraction (XRD) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. Performance of the membrane was evaluated via pure water flux; anti-biofouling behavior was determined through Bovine Serum albumin (BSA) rejection. Our results revealed that the highest water flux was shown by M7 membrane about 308.7 Lm−2h−1/bar having (0.5%) concentration of SGO with improved BSA rejection. Furthermore, these fabricated membranes showed high antibacterial activity, more hydrophilicity and mechanical strength as compared to pristine PVDF membranes. It was concluded that SGO addition within PVDF polymer matrix enhanced the properties and performance of membranes. Therefore, SGO was found to be a promising material for the fabrication of nanocomposite membranes.

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Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Cu2O Cabbage/RGO Nanocomposites under Visible Light Irradiation

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13111712 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 1712

Author(s):

Appusamy Muthukrishnaraj ◽

Salma Ahmed Al-Zahrani ◽

Ahmed Al Otaibi ◽

Semmedu Selvaraj Kalaivani ◽

Ayyar Manikandan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Visible Region ◽

Catalytic Performance ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Dye Pollutants ◽

Transmission Electron

Towards the utilization of Cu2O nanomaterial for the degradation of industrial dye pollutants such as methylene blue and methyl orange, the graphene-incorporated Cu2O nanocomposites (GCC) were developed via a precipitation method. Using Hummers method, the grapheme oxide (GO) was initially synthesized. The varying weight percentages (1–4 wt %) of GO was incorporated along with the precipitation of Cu2O catalyst. Various characterization techniques such as Fourier-transform infra-red (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible diffused reflectance (UV-DRS), Raman spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and electro chemical impedance (EIS) were followed for characterization. The cabbage-like morphology of the developed Cu2O and its composites were ascertained from field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). In addition, the growth mechanism was also proposed. The results infer that 2 wt % GO-incorporated Cu2O composites shows the highest value of degradation efficiency (97.9% and 96.1%) for MB and MO at 160 and 220 min, respectively. Further, its catalytic performance over visible region (red shift) was also enhanced to an appreciable extent, when compared with that of other samples.

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Investigations on Cu2+-substituted Ni–Zn ferrite nanoparticles

Modern Physics Letters B ◽

10.1142/s0217984916503474 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (32n33) ◽

pp. 1650347

Author(s):

Amarjeet ◽

Vinod Kumar

Keyword(s):

Spinel Phase ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Peak Position ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Frequency Range ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Absorption Bands ◽

X Ray ◽

Zn Ferrite

[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] = 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5) nanoparticles were prepared by chemical co-precipitation method. The developed nanoparticles were characterized for structural properties by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. Peak position in the X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the single spinel phase of the developed particles. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy in mid-IR range showed the presence of characteristic absorption bands corresponding to octahedral and tetrahedral bonds in the spinel structure of prepared samples. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements showed a considerable weight loss in the developed samples above 700[Formula: see text]C. Frequency dependence of the electrical properties of the developed material pellets was studied in the frequency range of 1 kHz–5 MHz. Temperature dependence of the dielectric constant of [Formula: see text] was studied at different temperatures, i.e. at 425, 450 and 475 K, in the frequency range of 1 kHz–5 MHz. It was found that the electrical conductivity decreases with increasing Cu[Formula: see text] ion content while it increases with the increase in temperature.

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The Influence of Calcination Temperature on Quantitative Phase of Hematite from Iron Stone Tanah Laut

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1112.489 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1112 ◽

pp. 489-492

Author(s):

Ali Mufid ◽

M. Zainuri

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Calcination Temperature ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

X Ray ◽

Particle Size Analyzer ◽

Co Precipitation

This research aims to form particles of hematite (α-Fe2O3) with a basis of mineral iron ore Fe3O4 from Tanah Laut. Magnetite Fe3O4 was synthesized using co-precipitation method. Further characterization using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to obtain the percentage of the elements, obtained an iron content of 98.51%. Then characterized using thermo-gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC) to determine the calcination temperature, that at a temperature of 445 °C mass decreased by 0.369% due to increase in temperature. Further Characterization of X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the phases formed at the calcination temperature variation of 400 °C, 445 °C, 500 °C and 600 °C with a holding time of 5 hours to form a single phase α-Fe2O3 hematite. Testing with a particle size analyzer (PSA) to determine the particle size distribution, where test results indicate that the α-Fe2O3 phase of each having a particle size of 269.7 nm, 332.2 nm, 357.9 nm, 412.2 nm. The best quantity is shown at a temperature of 500 °C to form the hematite phase. This result is used as the calcination procedure to obtain a source of Fe ions in the manufacture of Lithium Ferro Phosphate.

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Synthesis of graphene oxide/polyimide mixed matrix membranes for desalination

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c6ra24974d ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 2211-2217 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Bo Feng ◽

Kai Xu ◽

Aisheng Huang

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Water Flux ◽

High Water ◽

High Salt ◽

Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽

Mixed Matrix ◽

Salt Rejection ◽

Matrix Membranes

Graphene oxide (GO) was incorporated into polyimide (PI) to fabricate GO/PI mixed matrix membranes (MMMs), which show a high water flux (36.1 kg m−2 h−1) and a high salt rejection (99.9%) for desalination of 3.5 wt% seawater at 90 °C.

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Synthesis of zirconia-based solid acid nanoparticles for fuel cell application

Journal of Energy in Southern Africa ◽

10.17159/2413-3051/2016/v27i2a1342 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 60 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Rudzani A Sigwadi ◽

Sipho E Mavundla ◽

Nosipho Moloto ◽

Touhami Mokrani

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Acid Sites ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Zro2 Nanoparticles ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Ambient Temperatures ◽

Fuel Cell Application ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Zirconia Nanoparticles

Zirconia nanoparticles were prepared by the precipitation and ageing methods. The precipitation method was performed by adding ammonium solution to the aqueous solution of zirconium chloride at room temperature. The ageing method was performed by leaving the precipitate formed in the mother liquor in the glass beaker for 48 hours at ambient temperatures. The nanoparticles from both methods were further sulphated and phosphated to increase their acid sites. The materials prepared were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer-EmmettTeller (BET), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. The XRD results showed that the nanoparticles prepared by the precipitation method contained mixed phases of tetragonal and monoclinic phases, whereas the nanoparticles prepared by ageing method had only tetragonal phase. The TEM results showed that phosphated and sulphated zirconia nanoparticles obtained from the ageing method had a smaller particle size (10–12 nm) than the nanoparticles of approximately 25–30 nm prepared by precipitation only. The BET results showed that the ZrO2 nanoparticles surface area increased from 32 to 72 m2/g when aged.

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Effects of Platinum and Palladium Metals on Ni/Mg1-xZrxO Catalysts in the CO2 Reforming of Methane

BULLETIN OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING AND CATALYSIS ◽

10.9767/bcrec.13.2.1656.295-310 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 295 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Faris Jasim Abdulridha Al-Doghachi

Keyword(s):

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Coke Formation ◽

Dry Reforming Of Methane ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Cubic Phase ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Co2 Reforming ◽

X Ray ◽

Co2 Reforming Of Methane

Nickel, palladium, and platinum catalysts (1 wt.% each) supported on MgO and MgZrO to prepare Pt,Pd,Ni/Mg1-xZrxO catalysts (where x = 0, 0.03, 0.07, and 0.15), were synthesized by using co-precipitation method with K2CO3 as the precipitant. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed to observe the characteristics of the prepared catalysts. The Pt,Pd,Ni/Mg0.85Zr0.15O showed the best activity in dry reforming of methane (DRM) with 99 % and 91 % for CO2 and CH4 conversions, respectively and 1.28 for H2/CO ratio at temperature 900 °C and 1:1 of CH4:CO2 ratio. The stability of Pt,Pd,Ni/Mg0.85Zr0.15O catalyst in the presence and absence of low stream 1.25 % oxygen was investigated. Carbon formation and amount in spent catalysts were examined by TEM and TGA in the presence of stream oxygen. The results showed that the amount of carbon was suppressed and negligible coke formation (less than 3 %) was observed. Several effects were observed with ZrO2 use as a promoter in the catalyst. Firstly, the magnesia cubic phase stabilized. Secondly, thermal stability and support for basicity increased. Thirdly, carbon deposition and the reducibility of Ni2+, Pd2+, and Pt2+ ions decreased. Copyright © 2018 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 25th October 2017; Revised: 2nd January 2018; Accepted: 18th January 2018; Available online: 11st June 2018; Published regularly: 1st August 2018How to Cite: Al-Doghachi, F.A.J. (2018). Effects of Platinum and Palladium Metals on Ni/Mg1-xZrxO Catalysts in the CO2 Reforming of Methane. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 13 (2): 295-310 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.13.2.1656.295-310)

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Effect of ZrO2 Nanofiller on the Physical Properties of Epoxy Composites: Mechanical, Thermal and Dielectric

Jordan Journal of Physics ◽

10.47011/14.5.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 425-435

Keyword(s):

Thermal Analysis ◽

Differential Thermal Analysis ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Thermal Characteristics ◽

Zirconium Oxychloride ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Zro2 Nanoparticles ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Thermo Gravimetric ◽

Zirconia Nanoparticles

Abstract: In this present work, Zirconia nanoparticles were prepared by precipitation method, Zirconium Oxychloride (ZrOCl2.8H2O) and ammonia (NH3) as starting materials. The synthesized Zirconia nanoparticles were characterized by XRD and the grain size in nanoscale was confirmed. The sheets of neat epoxy resin and epoxy with addition of ZrO2 nanoparticles are primed by solution casting method. The structures of epoxy polymer and hardener were found out using FTIR analysis. The thermal properties were analyzed using Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). Thermo gravimetric analysis has been employed to investigate the thermal characteristics and their mode of thermal degradation. Differential thermal analysis has been used to determine the glass transition temperature of epoxy nanocomposites. The mechanical properties like tensile and flexural studies were analyzed and thus influences of nanofiller loading on these parameters were found to be very low. Keywords: Epoxy, ZrO2 nanoparticles, Nanocomposites, Thermal stability, Dielectric properties, Tensile strength, Flexural strength.

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Improved salt rejection, hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of novel thermoplastic polymer/chitosan nanofibre membranes

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics ◽

10.1177/1558925020923174 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 155892502092317

Author(s):

Fahad S Al-Mubaddel ◽

Hamad S AlRomaih ◽

Mohammad Rezaul Karim ◽

Monis Luqman ◽

Maher M Al-Rashed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Contact Angle ◽

Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽

Phase Inversion ◽

Water Flux ◽

Tensile Tests ◽

Membrane Properties ◽

Inversion Method ◽

Thermoplastic Polymer ◽

Salt Rejection

The present study reports on the preparation of novel nanofibre membranes from the thermoplastic polymer polyvinylidene fluoride coated with chitosan to enhance membrane properties such as hydrophilicity, mechanical properties, water flux and salt rejection. Initially, a supporting layer was produced from polyvinylidene fluoride using phase inversion methods, followed by being coated with chitosan using either electrospinning or immersion methods. Two types of fabricated membranes with different coating methods were characterized and tested for physical and chemical performance using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, tensile tests, permeation tests (water flux and salt rejection) and contact angle measurements. It was found that the support membrane (polyvinylidene fluoride) produced by the phase inversion method that was coated with chitosan using electrospinning showed better performance, with a salt rejection up to 70% for MgSO4, a decreased the contact angle (52°) and improved the elongation at the breaking point (~82%).

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Microwave Assisted Preparation of YAG and Yb:YAG Transparent Ceramic Nanopowders for Laser Crystal

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.697.76 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 697 ◽

pp. 76-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wei Si ◽

Cang Xiong ◽

Yi Wen Jiang ◽

Zhi Feng Xing ◽

Wei Pan

Keyword(s):

Microwave Radiation ◽

Laser Crystal ◽

Radiation Power ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Transparent Ceramic ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Average Particle ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Microwave Assisted

YAG and Yb:YAG transparent ceramic nanopowders for laser crystal were synthesized by microwave-assisted alkoxide hydrolysis precipitation method. The YAG and Yb:YAG nanopowders were characterized by differential thermal analysis and thermo gravimetric analysis (DTA-TG), infrared spectrum (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. The results show that the crystallizing temperature of the precursor of YAG and Yb:YAG is about 930 °C. The pure phase YAG and Yb:YAG nanopowders can be obtained at microwave radiation power of 385 W, microwave radiation time of 30 min and sintering temperature of 1100 °C. The average particle size of YAG is about 120 nm. Yb:YAG is uniform sphere and the average sizes is about 100 nm. The intensity of luminescence of Yb:YAG nanopowders decreased with the increasing of microware time. The maximum luminous intensity of the Yb:YAG nanopowders can be obtained when the microwave radiation is 30 min.

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