scholarly journals The Influence of Test-Panel Orientation and Exposure Angle on the Corrosion Rate of Carbon Steel. Mathematical Modelling

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Juan J. Santana ◽  
Víctor Cano ◽  
Helena C. Vasconcelos ◽  
Ricardo M. Souto
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Atmospheric Corrosion ◽  
Test Panel ◽  
Marine Atmosphere ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Logarithmic Law ◽  
Time Of Wetness ◽  
Good Agreement

The effects of both test-panel orientation and exposure angle on the atmospheric corrosion rates of carbon steel probes exposed to a marine atmosphere were investigated. Test samples were exposed in a tree-shape metallic frame with either three exposure angles of 30°, 45° and 60° and orientation north-northeast (N-NE), or eight different orientation angles around a circumference. It was found that the experimental corrosion rates of carbon steel decreased for the specimens exposed with greater exposure angles, whereas the highest corrosion rates were found for those oriented to N-NE due to the influence of the prevailing winds. The obtained data obtained were fitted using the bi-logarithmic law and its variations as to take in account the amounts of pollutants and the time of wetness (TOW) for each particular case with somewhat good agreement, although these models failed when all the effects were considered simultaneously. In this work, we propose a new mathematical model including qualitative variables to account for the effects of both exposure and orientation angles while producing the highest quality fits. The goodness of the fit was used to determine the performance of the mathematical models.

The Corrosion of Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel in Simulated Geothermal Media

1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
BG Pound ◽  
MH Abdurrahman ◽  
MP Glucina ◽  
GA Wright ◽  
RM Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Polarization Resistance ◽  
Iron Sulfide ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Passive Films ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Good Agreement

The corrosion rates of low-carbon steel, and 304, 316 and 410/420 stainless steels in simulated geothermal media containing hydrogen sulfide have been measured by means of the polarization resistance technique. Good agreement was found between weight-loss and polarization resistance measurements of the corrosion rate for all the metals tested. Carbon steel formed a non-adherent film of mackinawite (Fe1 + xS). The lack of protection afforded to the steel by the film resulted in an approximately constant corrosion rate. The stainless steels also exhibited corrosion rates that were independent of time. However, the 410 and 420 alloys formed an adherent film consisting mainly of troilite ( FeS ) which provided only limited passivity. In contrast, the 304 and 316 alloys appeared to be essentially protected by a passive film which did not seem to involve an iron sulfide phase. However, all the stainless steels, particularly the 410 and 420 alloys, showed pitting, which indicated that some breakdown of the passive films occurred.

Three years outdoor exposure of low carbon steel in Mauritius

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baboo Y. R. Surnam
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Atmospheric Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Outdoor Exposure ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Steel Buildings ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Time Of Wetness

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the corrosion behaviour of carbon steel in the Mauritian atmosphere over a three-year period. Atmospheric corrosion is a serious problem in Mauritius. Design/methodology/approach – Carbon steel samples were exposed outdoors at various sites. Mass loss analysis was performed to determine the corrosion behaviour of the metal over the exposure period. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman tests were performed to investigate the formation of the corrosion products on the carbon steel surface. Findings – It was found that the corrosion loss at two of the sites considered did not vary clearly according to the bilogarithmic law. Time of wetness was found to be a main factor affecting atmospheric corrosion in Mauritius. The corrosivity of the atmosphere was found to lie between categories C3 and C4, according to ISO 9223. Originality/value – The results can be of essential help to the construction industry, especially as steel buildings are becoming very common in Mauritius. Moreover, as Mauritius is a tropical island, the results obtained can be useful in other tropical islands.

scholarly journals A Field Study of Atmospheric Corrosion of Carbon Steel after Short Exposure in Pelabuhan Ratu, West Java Province, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gadang PRIYOTOMO ◽  
Siska PRIFIHARNI ◽  
Lutviasari NURAINI ◽  
Joko TRIWARDONO ◽  
Ahmad ROYANI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Corrosion ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Corrosion Attack ◽  
West Java ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Magnetite Fe3o4 ◽  
Chloride Deposition

The investigation of atmospheric corrosion of mild carbon steel as representative of offshore infrastructure has been carried out in the marine tropical of Pelabuhan Ratu, West Java, Indonesia. They are exposed up to 76 days of periods, and their corrosion rates are determined according to ASTM G1-03. The surface morphology, the elemental compositions and compounds were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively.  The environmental parameters of the test site are monitored during exposure, such as air temperature, relative humidity (RH), airborne salinity and dew temperature. Based on the results, the corrosion rates of steels were 2.79 and 2.8 mpy within the 27 and 76 days exposures, respectively. The presence of chloride deposition on the surface of steel can increase the severity of corrosion. Moreover, the detrimental effect of chloride was observed in rust product, which was covered by an oxygen element. The main phases of rust products present were magnetite (Fe3O4) and hematite (α-Fe2O3.H2O). Several cracks were observed in the rust layer, which tended to exfoliate and lose adherence and protectiveness from further corrosion attack. HIGHLIGHTS The presence of chloride deposition on the surface of steel can increase the severity of corrosion. The severity of corrosion attack mainly depends on the exposure time and some climatic parameters, such as relative humidity (RH), air temperature and chloride airborne. The uniform distribution of the chloride tends to increase the production of ferrous chloride in high RH condition and the aqueous layer deposited on carbon steel. There are two phases on corroded carbon steel such as hematite (α-Fe2O3.H2O) and Magnetite (Fe3O4) after exposure GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION RATE OF METALS IN 12 VIETNAMESE AREAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (5B) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Pham Duy Nam
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Atmospheric Corrosion ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Copper Aluminum

The corrosion of materials is a result of complex impact from many climatic factors such as temperature, humidity, air pollutant content in the air, rainfall etc. In addition, the corrosion rate of metals can be measured. Each climatic zone is characterized by its corrosion rate. This article presents the testing results to determine the corrosion rate of carbon steel, copper, aluminum and zinc in 12 districts characterizing different climate zones of Vietnam. Testing, evaluation, and classification of atmospheric corrosion were conducted in accordance with the standard ISO 9223. The results show that for all types of studied metals, their corrosion rates which are determined from climatic data are higher than the corrosion rates in reality, especially for carbon steel and aluminum. This difference is more visible in the rural areas.

scholarly journals Atmospheric Corrosion Rates of Copper, Galvanized Steel, Carbon Steel and Aluminum in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, BA, Northeast Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 171-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.O.G. Portella ◽  
K.F. Portella ◽  
P.A.M. Pereira ◽  
P.C. Inone ◽  
K.J.C. Brambilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Atmospheric Corrosion ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Corrosion Rates

Numerical Analysis and Control of Gas Carburizing under Changes in Gas Compositions

2006 ◽  
Vol 522-523 ◽  
pp. 589-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujiro Yokoyama ◽  
Tomoyuji Mizukoshi ◽  
Itsuo Ishigami ◽  
Tateo Usui
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Carbon Potential ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Gas Carburizing ◽  
And Control ◽  
Good Agreement

Low carbon steel, S15CK, was carburized at 1203K up to 12.93ks in a commercial furnace where RX gas converted from propane was employed as carrier gas. Gas compositions in the furnace were changed intentionally; consequently carbon potential changed from 0.8 to 1.2 mass%. The carbon content profiles were determined by a succession of grindings and carbon analyses of the ground surfaces with a vacuum type emission spectrometer. A mathematical model for calculation of carbon content profiles is proposed to describe carburizing behavior under time-variant gas compositions in a furnace. The calculated profiles were in good agreement with the experimental ones except the surface and its vicinity. This result indicates that the present model can be applied to gas carburizing in the furnace where gas compositions were changed.

scholarly journals A Machine Learning-Based Model for Predicting Atmospheric Corrosion Rate of Carbon Steel

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Ngoc-Long Tran ◽  
Trong-Ha Nguyen ◽  
Van-Tien Phan ◽  
Duy-Duan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Atmospheric Corrosion ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Time Of Wetness

The purpose of this study is to develop a practical artificial neural network (ANN) model for predicting the atmospheric corrosion rate of carbon steel. A set of 240 data samples, which are collected from the experimental results of atmospheric corrosion in tropical climate conditions, are utilized to develop the ANN model. Accordingly, seven meteorological and chemical factors of corrosion, namely, the average temperature, the average relative humidity, the total rainfall, the time of wetness, the hours of sunshine, the average chloride ion concentration, and the average sulfur dioxide deposition rate, are used as input variables for the ANN model. Meanwhile, the atmospheric corrosion rate of carbon steel is considered as the output variable. An optimal ANN model with a high coefficient of determination of 0.999 and a small root mean square error of 0.281 mg/m2.month is retained to predict the corrosion rate. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis shows that the rainfall and hours of sunshine are the most influential parameters on predicting the atmospheric corrosion rate, whereas the average chloride ion concentration, the average temperature, and the time of wetness are less sensitive to the atmospheric corrosion rate. An ANN-based formula, which accommodates all input parameters, is thereafter proposed to estimate the atmospheric corrosion rate of carbon steel. Finally, a graphical user interface is developed for calculating the atmospheric corrosion rate of carbon steel in tropical climate conditions.

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