scholarly journals Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Behavior of an Al-6061 Alloy Processed by Repetitive Corrugation and Straightening

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 489
Author(s):  
Sergio Elizalde ◽  
Marco Ezequiel ◽  
Ignacio A. Figueroa ◽  
José M. Cabrera ◽  
Chedly Braham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Die Design ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Hardness Distribution ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Al 6061

The repetitive corrugation and straightening process is a severe plastic deformation technique that is particularly suited to process metallic sheets. With this technique, it is possible to develop nano/ultrafine-grained structured materials, and therefore, to improve some mechanical properties such as the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and fatigue lifetime. In this study, an Al-6061 alloy was subjected to the repetitive corrugation and straightening process. A new corrugation die design was proposed in order to promote a heterogeneous deformation into the metallic sheet. The evolution of the mechanical properties and microstructure obtained by electron backscatter diffraction of the alloy showed a heterogeneous distribution in the grain size at the initial cycles of the repetitive corrugation and straightening process. Uniaxial tensile tests showed a significant increase in yield strength as the number of repetitive corrugation and straightening passes increased. The distribution of the plastic deformation was correlated with the hardness distribution on the surface. The hardness distribution map matched well with the heterogeneous distribution of the plastic deformation obtained by finite element simulation. A maximum average hardness (147 HV) and yield strength (385 MPa) was obtained for two repetitive corrugation and straightening cycles sample.

Correlation among Microstructure, Texture, and Properties along the Thickness Direction in As-Hot-Rolled and As-Solution-Quenched Al7055 Thick Plates

2021 ◽  
Vol 1026 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Kai Zhu ◽  
Hong Wei Yan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Rolled Plate ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Thickness Direction ◽  
Electron Backscattered Diffraction ◽  
Thick Plates ◽  
Aluminum Plates ◽  
Hot Rolled

Both microstructure inhomogeneity and mechanical property diversity along the thickness direction in rolled thick aluminum plates have been considered to have a remarkable impact on the performance and properties of the products made from the plates. In this study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) characterizations of microstructure and texture types along the thickness directions of Al7055 thick plate specimens prepared using two conditions, hot-rolling and solution-quenching, were performed. To examine the mechanical properties, uniaxial tensile tests were also carried out on specimens machined from both types of thick plates, using a layered strategy along the thickness direction. The results indicate that both the microstructure and mechanical properties are inhomogeneous under the two conditions. Furthermore, it is evident that there is a hereditary relationship between the mechanical properties of the two plates—areas with higher yield strength in the as-hot-rolled plate correspond to areas with the higher yield strength in the as-solution-quenched plate

Effect of Artificial Aging on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Extruded Mg Alloy ZK60

2014 ◽  
Vol 697 ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
De Liang Yin ◽  
Jian Qiao ◽  
Hong Liang Cui
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Aging Time ◽  
Artificial Aging ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Tensile Yield Strength ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Fracture Elongation ◽  
Strength And Ductility

An extruded ZK60 magnesium alloy was subjected to artificial aging at 180 oC for an investigation of the effect of aging time on its precipitation behavior and mechanical properties. Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted to obtain the mechanical properties. Optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to observe microstructure change before and after aging treatment. It is shown that, both tensile yield strength and ultimate tensile strength increases with aging time. The fracture elongation after aging for 20 h reaches up to 21.0%, and the yield strength increases to 269.5 MPa, 19.4% higher than that of extruded specimens (un-aged), showing a good match of strength and ductility. Three newly-formed precipitates were observed after aging for over 20 h, among which particulate and dispersive precipitates should be responsible for the good combination of strength and ductility.

scholarly journals Effect of initial temper on mechanical properties of creep-aged Al-Cu-Li alloy AA2050

2018 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 12006
Author(s):  
Yong Li ◽  
Yo-Lun Yang ◽  
Qi Rong ◽  
Zhusheng Shi ◽  
Jianguo Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Uniform Elongation ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Precipitation Behaviour ◽  
Work Hardening Rate ◽  
Creep Age Forming

The evolution of mechanical properties of a third generation Al-Cu-Li alloy, AA2050, with different initial tempers (T34 and as-quenched (WQ)) during creep-ageing has been investigated and analysed in this study. A set of creep-ageing tests under 150 MPa at 155 °C for up to 24 h was carried out for both initial temper conditions and tensile tests were performed subsequently to acquire the main mechanical properties of the creep-aged alloys, including the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and uniform elongation. Precipitation behaviour of the T34 and WQ AA2050 alloys has been summarised and successfully explains the detailed evolutions of the obtained mechanical properties of the alloy with these two initial tempers during creep-ageing. The results indicate that the T34 alloy can be a better choice for creep age forming (CAF) process compared with WQ alloy, as it provides better yield strength and uniform elongation properties concurrently after creep-ageing. In addition, a work hardening rate analysis has been carried out for all the creep-aged alloys, helping to reveal the detailed dislocation/precipitates interaction mechanisms during plastic deformation in the creep-aged T34 and WQ AA2050 alloys.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of a Duplex Nanostructure

2010 ◽  
Vol 667-669 ◽  
pp. 973-978
Author(s):  
L. Chen ◽  
Ping Jiang ◽  
Xiao Lei Wu ◽  
Mu Xin Yang ◽  
Chang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Uniform Elongation ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Plastic Behavior ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Elongation To Failure

The nanostructure was obtained in a duplex stainless steel (DSS) by means of equal channel angular pressing. The mechanical properties were characterized by uniaxial tensile tests, while the microstructure was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was shown that the yield strength in a deformed nanostructure increased significantly from 402 MPa to 1461 MPa as compared to its coarse-grained counterpart. In contrast, the uniform elongation decreased significant to only 2% together with elongation to failure of 9.8%, much lower than those of 25.4% and 42.6%. After annealing at 700°C for 10 minute, however, uniform elongation increases to 5.3% with the yield strength of 1200 MPa. TEM observation exhibited that deformation twins prevail in the austenite phase whereas the dislocations of high density present in ferrite. The plastic behavior in both phases was analyzed based on the deformation twinning and the presence of dislocation. Finally, the effect of the microstructure on mechanical properties was discussed.

scholarly journals Influence of plastic deformation of S235JR steel rods on their mechanical properties and corrosion behavior in NaCl solution

2018 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 04001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veselin Tsonev ◽  
Nikolay Nikolov ◽  
Yordanka Marcheva
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Uniform Corrosion ◽  
Weight Loss Method

Studies show that although commonly used steels are standardized, some of their mechanical properties (such as tensile strength) vary widely and knowledge of their corrosion behavior is insufficient. Additional treatments, such as plastic deformation, alter the structure of carbon steels and affect their properties. This article explores one of the most widely used materials in mechanical and civil engineering - steel S235. Two types of rods, 6 mm in diameter, from hot-rolled non-alloy structural steel (S235JR, BDS EN 10025-2: 2005) and bright cold drawn steel (S235JRC, BDS EN 10277-2: 2008) have been tested. Tensile tests have been carried out, stress-strain curves are constructed and compared, the main mechanical properties such as yield strength, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity are determined. The typical consequences of plastic deformation such as increased yield strength have been identified. The assessment of corrosion behavior was done by means of the weight loss method in a 3,5% NaCl water solution for 5 weeks. It was found out that in the studied period the two types of rod exhibit close corrosion resistance, with the tendency for the cold drawn steel to have a higher uniform corrosion rate over a longer period.

scholarly journals Quasi-Situ Characterization of Retained Austenite Orientation in Quenching and Partitioning Steel via Uniaxial Tensile Tests

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 4609
Author(s):  
Pengfei Gao ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Weijian Chen ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Jingyu Pang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Quenching And Partitioning ◽  
Austenite Grains

As a representative of the third generation of advanced high strength steel, the quenching and partitioning steel has excellent potential in automobile manufacturing. The characterization and analysis of the mechanical properties and microstructure of the quenching and partitioning steel during deformation is an effective way to explore the microstructure evolution and transformation-induced plasticity effects of complex phase steels. The relationship between the microstructure morphology and mechanical properties of a 1180 MPa-grade quenching and partitioning steel was investigated through interrupted uniaxial tensile tests plus quasi-situ electron backscatter diffraction measurements. A mixture of ferrite, martensite, and retained austenite was observed in the microstructure. It was found that the volume fraction of global retained austenite decreased linearly with the increase of displacement (0 mm–1.05 mm). The evolution of the retained austenite with typical crystal direction ranges with deformation was characterized. Results show that the orientation (111) and (311) account for the highest proportion of retained austenite grains in the undeformed sample and the mechanical stability of the (311) retained austenite grains is the best. Moreover, the retained austenite grains rotated significantly in the early stage of the specimen deformation process (around yielding), and the work hardening of the specimen was weak at this stage, simultaneously.

Comprehensive study on mechanical properties of coated biaxial warp-knitted fabrics

2021 ◽  
pp. 073168442110204
Author(s):  
Bin Yang ◽  
Yingying Shang ◽  
Zeliang Yu ◽  
Minger Wu ◽  
Youji Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Tensile Creep ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Sustained Load ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Membrane Structures ◽  
Knitted Fabrics

In recent years, coated fabrics have become the major material used in membrane structures. Due to the special structure of base layer and mechanical properties, coated biaxial warp-knitted fabrics are increasingly applied in pneumatic structures. In this article, the mechanical properties of coated biaxial warp-knitted fabrics are investigated comprehensively. First, off-axial tensile tests are carried out in seven in-plane directions: 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°. Based on the stress–strain relationship, tensile strengths are obtained and failure modes are studied. The adaptability of Tsai–Hill criterion is analyzed. Then, the uniaxial tensile creep test is performed under 24-h sustained load and the creep elongation is calculated. Besides, tearing strengths in warp and weft directions are obtained by tearing tests. Finally, the biaxial tensile tests under five different load ratios of 1:1, 2:1, 1:2, 1:0, and 0:1 are carried out, and the elastic constants and Poisson’s ratio are calculated using the least squares method based on linear orthotropic assumption. Moreover, biaxial specimens under four load ratios of 3:1, 1:3, 5:1, and 1:5 are further tensile tested to verify the adaptability of linear orthotropic model. These experimental data offer a deeper and comprehensive understanding of mechanical properties of coated biaxial warp-knitted fabrics and could be conveniently adopted in structural design.

scholarly journals Influence of Hydrostatic Extrusion on the Mechanical Properties of the Model Al-Mg Alloys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Towarek ◽  
Wojciech Jurczak ◽  
Joanna Zdunek ◽  
Mariusz Kulczyk ◽  
Jarosław Mizera
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Hydrostatic Extrusion ◽  
Microstructure Formation ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Degree Of Deformation ◽  
Al Mg Alloys

AbstractTwo model aluminium-magnesium alloys, containing 3 and 7.5 wt.% of Mg, were subjected to plastic deformation by means of hydrostatic extrusion (HE). Two degrees of deformation were imposed by two subsequent reductions of the diameter. Microstructural analysis and tensile tests of the materials in the initial state and after deformation were performed. For both materials, HE extrusion resulted in the deformation of the microstructure—formation of the un-equilibrium grain boundaries and partition of the grains. What is more, HE resulted in a significant increase of tensile strength and decrease of the elongation, mostly after the first degree of deformation.

Effect of Polyvinyl Alcohol Concentration on the Mechanical Properties of Collagen/Polyvinyl Alcohol Blends

2015 ◽  
Vol 732 ◽  
pp. 161-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Vesely ◽  
Lukas Horny ◽  
Hynek Chlup ◽  
Milos Beran ◽  
Milan Krajicek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Stress ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Initial Modulus ◽  
Water Saturated

The effects of the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) concentration on mechanical properties of hydrogels based on blends of native or denatured collagen / PVA were examined. Blends of PVA with collagen were obtained by mixing the solutions in different ratios, using glycerol as a plasticizer. The solutions were cast on polystyrene plates and the solvent was allowed to evaporate at room temperature. Uniaxial tensile tests were performed in order to obtain the initial modulus of elasticity (up to deformation 0.1), the ultimate tensile stress and the deformation at failure of the material in the water-saturated hydrogel form. It was found that the material was elastic and the addition of PVA helped to enhance both the ultimate tensile stress and modulus of elasticity of the films. Samples prepared from denaturated collagen showed the higher ultimate tensile stress and the deformation at failure in comparison with those prepared from native collagen. The results suggest that we could expect successful application of the collagen/PVA biomaterial for tissue engineering.

Mechanical properties of PVDF-coated fabric under tensile tests

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Ambroziak
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Cyclic Load ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Cyclic Tests ◽  
Comprehensive Investigation ◽  
Coated Fabric ◽  
Coated Fabrics

Abstract This article describes the laboratory tests necessary to identify the mechanical properties of the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-coated fabrics named Precontraint 1202S and Precontraint 1302S. First, a short survey of the literature concerning the description of coated woven fabrics is presented. Second, the material parameters for PVDF-coated fabrics are specified on the basis of biaxial tensile tests. A comparison of the 1:1 biaxial and the uniaxial tensile tests results is also given. Additionally, biaxial cyclic tests were performed to observe the change of immediate mechanical properties under cyclic load. The article is aimed as an introduction to a comprehensive investigation of the mechanical properties of coated fabrics.

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