scholarly journals Prediction of Earing of Hot-Rolled Al Sheets from Pole Figures

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Adrienn Hlavacs ◽  
Mate Szucs ◽  
Valeria Mertinger ◽  
Marton Benke
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Method ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Final State ◽  
Quick Method ◽  
Pole Figures ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Hot Rolled

The formation of uneven cup heights during deep drawing is called earing. This phenomenon is caused by the planar anisotropy of formability in sheets, which is the result of crystallographic texture. In addition to analytical and finite element methods, a simple and quick method was developed recently to predict the earing profile of Al sheets solely from the data of {200} pole figures. So far, the method was applied on final state sheets cold rolled to 0.3–3 mm thickness and subsequently annealed. Within this manuscript, the earing prediction method is applied on 3003 type Al sheets with the thickness of ~6 mm, being in the hot-rolled state. Texture examinations were performed at different depths, from which earing profiles were calculated. For comparison, earing profiles were calculated from Lankford values that were determined by tensile tests. It is shown that in the case of hot-rolled Al sheets, if the grain structure is uniform across the thickness of the sheet, the earing profile can be appropriately calculated from the full {200} pole figure obtained from surface X-ray Diffraction (XRD) texture measurements.

Competitive Precipitation and Recrystallization in U-7.5Nb-2.5Zr Alloy

2014 ◽  
Vol 354 ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Denise A. Lopes ◽  
Thomaz Augusto Guisard Restivo ◽  
Angelo Fernando Padilha
Keyword(s):  
Grain Structure ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Gamma Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Protective Oxide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Precipitation Phenomena ◽  
Precipitation Events

Abstract. Metallic nuclear fuel plates are nowadays an alternative to the ceramic ones in the sense that the uranium density can be increased at lower enrichment. Higher thermal conductivity is also a key factor favouring such fuels for power reactors. Uranium reacts promptly with oxygen and nitrogen at high temperatures to catastrophic corrosion due to non-protective oxide layers, which imparts hot forming processes. The gamma phase body centred cubic structure can be retained at room temperature by annealing the U-7.5Nb-2.5Zr (wt.%) alloy followed by quenching, where the deformation can be extensive. The resulted highly deformed gamma supersaturated structure is subjected further to competitive recovery/recrystallization and phase precipitation phenomena whose are studied in the work. The U-7.5Nb-2.5Zr alloy was melted into plasma and induction furnaces and afterwards annealed to gamma phase. The normalized alloy was cold rolled and underwent isochronal and isothermal treatments. The microstructure evolution was monitored by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and hardness measurements. The results show the precipitation events of α” and α+γ3phases are dominant over recovery in the range 200oC < T < 500oC. Above 500oC the recrystallization is the main process leading to softening and initial Vickers hardness recovery. One refined gamma phase grain structure was obtained (~8.0 μm) after annealing at 700oC for 2.5 hours.

Effect of Hot-Rolled Microstructure on the Recrystallization Texture of Cold-Rolled Non-Oriented Electrical Steel

2011 ◽  
Vol 298 ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi Li Jin ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Yi Ming Li
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Electrical Steel ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Steel Strip ◽  
Silicon Steel ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Recrystallization Annealing ◽  
Rolled Sheet ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Hot Rolled

With the help of orientation distribution function (ODF) analysis, experiments of different hot band grain microstructure 0.33% silicon steel were cold-rolled and annealed in the laboratory，to study the effect of the microstructure hot-rolled steel strip for cold rolled non-oriented silicon steel microstructure and texture of recrystallization annealing. The results show that hot rolled microstructure on cold rolled Non-Oriented Electrical Steel cold-rolled sheet evolution of texture and recrystallization have important influence, the quiaxed grain structure of steel by cold rolling and recrystallization annealing, the recrystallization speed than the fiber grain-based mixed crystals recrystallization fast , With the equiaxed grains made of cold rolled silicon steel after annealing the {110}<UVW> texture components was enhanced and {100}<uwv> texture components weakened. Different microstructure condition prior to cold rolling in the recrystallization annealing process the texture evolution has the obvious difference, the equiaxial grain steel belt cold rolling and annealing, has the strong crystal orientation. This shows that the equiaxed grain when hot microstructure is detrimental to the magnetic properties of cold-rolled non-oriented silicon steel to improve and increase.

scholarly journals Reduce the Planar Anisotropy of AA6016 Aluminum Sheets by Texture and Microstructure Control

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1027
Author(s):  
Xiaoge Duan ◽  
Haitao Jiang ◽  
Zhenli Mi ◽  
Lei Cheng ◽  
Jiayi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Alloy Sheet ◽  
Electron Back Scatter Diffraction ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Planar Anisotropy ◽  
Aluminum Sheets ◽  
Hot Rolled ◽  
Conventional Rolling

In order to produce a more isotropic Al-Mg-Si alloy sheet in the T4 temper, pre-annealed AA6016 hot rolled strips were cold rolled by conventional rolling, transverse rolling and an alternative rolling schedule. In this work, a weak and random texture was obtained in the alternative rolling sample, which was treated by solution treatment, as well as a fine and homogeneous recrystallized grain structure that reduced the earing percentage from 8.2% to 2.7%. An earing test was used to characterize the planar anisotropy of the AA6016 alloy. The crystallographic texture and microstructure of the AA6016 aluminum sheet were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques. The earing percentage was reduced and eight-fold ears were produced in unidirectional rolled samples with strong β-fiber textures. Conversely, a higher earing percentage and four-fold ears were obtained for the alternative rolled sample, which was characterized by an appropriate combination of the Cube {001}<100> and stabilized BND {011}<3`22> [(φ1,¢,φ2) = (42°,45°,0°)] orientations. The main reason for the distinct earing profiles was the grain spatial distribution of textures formed during the cold rolling process. The dynamic recovery of the AA6016 alloy was promoted and both the nucleation and subsequent growth of the Cube orientation were suppressed by alternative rolling.

Microstructure and Shape Memory Behavior of Ti-18Nb-6Zr (at.%) Alloy

2021 ◽  
Vol 1016 ◽  
pp. 1368-1373
Author(s):  
Xiao Yun Song ◽  
Wen Jun Ye ◽  
Song Xiao Hui
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Tensile Deformation ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Martensite Phase ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cold Rolled

The microstructures and shape memory behaviors of Ti-18Nb-6Zr (at.%) alloy subjected to different heat treatments were investigated through optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and tensile tests. Recrystallization occurs in cold-rolled Ti-18Nb-6Zr alloy after solution treatment at 600~800 °C. The cooling rate after solution treatment at 800°C shows a dramatic effect on the microstructure of the alloy. The microstructures for the water quenching (WQ) and oil quenching (OQ) specimens are composed of single α'' martensite phase, while for the air cooling (AC) specimen, the microstructure consists of predominant β phase and a small amount of fine athermal ω phase. During tensile deformation, two-stage yielding is observed in the alloy subjected to 800°C/0.5h/WQ heat treatment. The stress for martensite variants reorientation and the yield stress for plastic deformation are 310MPa and 455MPa, respectievely, and the maximum shape memory strain of 3.1% is obtained with pre-strain of 6%.

Micro Beam Orientation Determinations in Highly Deformed Cu - 12.5% Ni Alloy

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 352-353
Author(s):  
P.G. Caceres ◽  
R.D. Garwood
Keyword(s):  
Shear Bands ◽  
Pure Metal ◽  
Deformation Texture ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pole Figures ◽  
Ni Alloy ◽  
Beam Orientation ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Convergent Beam

Convergent beam microdiffraction (CBD) techniques have been used to determine changes in orientation along and across subs truetural regions such as microbands, shear bands, crystallites, etc., in a heavily cold rolled Cu - 12.5% Ni alloy of high purity. The investigation is an extension of similar studies on copper and alpha brass (see eg. 1, 2 and 3).Pole figures and inverse pole figures determined by x-ray diffraction techniques have shown (see 4 and 5) that this alloy develops a copper-type deformation texture, although, more slowly than the pure metal since a substantial increase of the 422 reflection, arising from a (112) [111] end orientation, occurs only at deformations greater than 90% (ε ∼2.30).

Application of high-energy synchrotron radiation for texture studies

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Mishin ◽  
E. M. Lauridsen ◽  
N. C. Krieger Lassen ◽  
G. Brückner ◽  
T. Tschentscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Plate Thickness ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Good Qualitative Agreement ◽  
Shear Texture ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Number Of Layers ◽  
Pole Figures ◽  
Cold Rolled

A novel experimental technique that employs high-energy synchrotron radiation is used for the investigation of through-thickness texture gradients in two aluminium plates, cold-rolled 40% with either intermediate or small draughts. In these two plates, crystallographic textures are inspected in a large number of layers. Texture maps of pole densities throughout the sample thickness are presented. A texture of the rolling type is developed through the plate thickness after intermediate draught rolling. Pronounced inhomogeneities associated with the shear texture are observed in the sample rolled with small draughts. For selected layers, direct pole figures are compared with those obtained by traditional low-energy X-ray diffraction and by the electron backscattering pattern technique using a scanning electron microscope. A good qualitative agreement between textures measured using the three different techniques is obtained. Experimental aspects and potentials of the new technique are discussed.

Study of Texture in 6016 Aluminum Alloy during Processing

2016 ◽  
Vol 877 ◽  
pp. 356-362
Author(s):  
Zhang Wen ◽  
Ying Ying Liu ◽  
Zhi Hong Jia ◽  
Pi Zhi Zhao ◽  
Zhi Qing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Shear Bands ◽  
Deformation Texture ◽  
Continuous Annealing ◽  
Intermediate Annealing ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
6016 Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Hot Rolled ◽  
Rolled Plates

The evolution of texture in AA6016 alloy during processing was systematically investigated. The hot-rolled 6016 plates were cold-rolled to 0.9mm through three different rolling processes. One was directly rolled to 0.9mm, the other two were rolled to 1.8mm and 2.3mm, respectively, followed by intermediate annealing at 360°C for 2h, and then rolled to 0.9mm. Finally, the three kinds of cold rolled plates were performed continuous annealing at 560oC. The textures and microstructures of each stage were characterized by the X-ray diffraction and electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD) techniques. The results show that the texture of hot-rolled sample is mainly composed of Brass, S and Copper; the relative amount and maximum density changed after 1st cold-rolling. After intermediate annealing, the Cube and Cube+ND20 texture replace the deformation texture and rise with the rolling reduction. Then the conducting of final cold rolling results in the decrease of Cube and Cube+ND20 component and increase of deformation texture. After the continuous annealing, R, Brass-R, Goss, Cube and Cube+ND20 components are observed. Particle stimulated nucleation (PSN) and nucleation at shear bands dominate the competition of recrystallization.

scholarly journals Microstructure And Texture Evolution During Cold-Rolling In The Fe-23Mn-3Si-3Al Alloy

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 1789-1794 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kowalska ◽  
W. Ratuszek ◽  
M. Witkowska ◽  
A. Zielińska-Lipiec ◽  
M. Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Martensitic Transformations ◽  
Mechanical Twinning ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Hot Rolled

Abstract Fe–23wt.%Mn–3wt.%Si–3wt.%Al alloy was cast, homogenized at 1150ºC, hot-rolled at temperatures between 1200ºC and 900ºC and next cold-rolled from 5% up to 40% reductions in thickness. Microstructure and texture of this alloy, which has a low stacking fault energy, were defined after cold-rolling. Investigation of transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction showed that mechanical twinning and martensitic transformations (γfcc→εhcp and γfcc→εhcp→α′bcc) took place during cold-rolling. The crystallographic Shoji-Nishiyama (S-N) {00.2}ε║{111}γ, <11.0>ε ║ <110>γ and Kurdjumov-Sachs (K-S) {111}γ║{101}α’, <101>γ║<111>α’ relations between martensite (ε, α’) and austenite (γ), were found in the coldrolled material.

scholarly journals Microstructural Changes in a High-Manganese Austenitic Fe-Mn-Al-C Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 971-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Witkowska ◽  
A. Zielińska-Lipiec ◽  
J. Kowalska ◽  
W. Ratuszek
Keyword(s):  
Spinodal Decomposition ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Argon Atmosphere ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Modulated Structure ◽  
Microstructural Changes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Hot Rolled

Abstract Microstructural changes in the age-hardenable Fe-28wt.%Mn-9wt.%Al-1wt.%C steel during ageing at 550°C for various times have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The steel was produced in an induction furnace and the ingot, after homogenization at 1150°C for 3 hours under a protective argon atmosphere, was hot-rolled and subsequently cold-rolled up to 23% reduction. The sheet was then aged at 550°C for various times in an argon atmosphere and cooled in air. XRD analysis and TEM observations revealed a modulated structure and superlattice reflections produced by spinodal decomposition, which occurred during ageing at 550°C. Theexistence of satellites suggests that either (Fe, Mn)3AlCx carbides were formed within the austenite matrix by spinodal decomposition during cooling or chemical fluctuactions occurred between the (Fe, Mn)3AlCx carbides and the austenitic matrix.

Study on the Erbium Strengthened Aluminum Alloy

2007 ◽  
Vol 546-549 ◽  
pp. 623-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuo Ren Nie ◽  
B.L. Li ◽  
W. Wang ◽  
T.N. Jin ◽  
H. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Migration ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Recrystallization Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Microstructure Observation ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Tem Microstructure ◽  
Dislocation Movement ◽  
Hot Rolled

We have systemically studied the effect of the erbium on the microstructure and the mechanical properties in the 5xxx series aluminum alloys by using optical microscope, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and by tensile testing. The results demonstrate that the tensile strength increased quickly at the beginning of small contents of 0.1%Er both in the hot and cold rolled states, then slowly increased with increasing the contents of Er until 0.4%, at which the best balance of the strength and ductility (438MPa and 9.6%) were obtained. Microstructure observation in the hot rolled state was indicated that the grain structure in the Er free Al-5Mg alloy revealed fully recrystallized grain structure, while in the Al-5Mg containing Er was demonstrated deformation structure, indicating the Er addition delayed the recrystallization behavior by the formation of the precipitation of the Al3Er, which confirmed by means of the X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore in the TEM microstructure observation the precipitation of Al3Er was distributed both in the grain interior and subgrain or grain boundaries, which could be pinning the subgrain or grain boundary migration and dislocation movement as well. Consequently the beginning of the recrystallization temperature in the Al-5Mg containing Er was elevated about 50°C than in Al-5Mg without Er. This could be explained that the strength increased without the deterioration of the ductility was attributed to the microstructure refinement by the Er addition.

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