scholarly journals An Efficient Approach for Nitrogen Diffusion and Surface Nitriding of Boron-Titanium Modified Stainless Steel Alloy for Biomedical Applications

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaqat Ali ◽  
Ahmad Majdi Abdul Rani ◽  
Riaz Ahmad Mufti ◽  
Sri Hastuty ◽  
Murid Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Steel Alloy ◽  
Steel Matrix ◽  
Nitrogen Diffusion ◽  
Nickel Ions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stainless Steel Alloy

Austenitic 316L stainless steel has been the most widely acceptable biomaterial for producing implants. The downside of this material includes the leaching of nickel ions from the matrix that limits its’ usage in implant manufacturing. In this research, production of stainless steel alloy modified with boron and titanium is investigated. The sintering of the alloy systems is carried out in nitrogen atmosphere for a dwell time of 8 h. The X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that dwell time and alloy composition leads to the formation of strong nitrides and borides. The X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) results show the presence of nitrogen on to the surface of sintered specimens. The nitride layer on the surface of the specimens is helpful in the retention of nickel ions in the stainless steel matrix, as indicated in the weight loss measurements. The cytotoxicity assessment indicates that the developed alloys are biocompatible and can be used as implant materials.

scholarly journals Cr Segregation and Impact Fracture in a Martensitic Stainless Steel

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Bolli ◽  
Alessandra Fava ◽  
Paolo Ferro ◽  
Saulius Kaciulis ◽  
Alessio Mezzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Steel Matrix ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fracture Surfaces ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Brittle Fractures ◽  
Cr Concentration ◽  
Inner Parts

The fracture surfaces of a 10.5 wt.% Cr martensitic stainless steel broken in Charpy tests have been investigated through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The specimens have been examined in two different conditions: as-quenched and heat treated for 10 h at 700 °C. The trends of Fe/Cr ratio vs. test temperature are similar to the sigmoidal curves of absorbed energy and, after both ductile and quasi-cleavage brittle fractures, such ratio is always significantly lower than the nominal value of the steel chemical composition. Cr segregation does not occur on a macroscopic scale but takes place in microscopic zones which represent weaker spots in the steel matrix and a preferred path for moving cracks. Small area (diameter 300 µm) XPS measurements evidenced a higher density of such microscopic zones in the inner part of probes; this is explained by the different diffusion length of Cr atoms in the external and inner parts during quenching from austenitic field which has been calculated through FEM simulations. No significant differences of Cr concentration were observed in fracture surfaces of probes with and without heat treatment. The results highlight how Cr segregation plays a role not only in the intergranular mode of fracture but also in the quasi-cleavage and ductile ones.

scholarly journals The Influence of Nitrogen Absorption on Microstructure, Properties and Cytotoxicity Assessment of 316L Stainless Steel Alloy Reinforced with Boron and Niobium

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaqat Ali ◽  
Ahmad Majdi Abdul Rani ◽  
Riaz Ahmad Mufti ◽  
Farooq I. Azam ◽  
Sri Hastuty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Alloy System ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Nickel Ions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cytotoxicity Assessment

In the past, 316L stainless steel (SS) has been the material of choice for implant manufacturing. However, the leaching of nickel ions from the SS matrix limits its usefulness as an implant material. In this study, an efficient approach for controlling the leaching of ions and improving its properties is presented. The composition of SS was modified with the addition of boron and niobium, which was followed by sintering in nitrogen atmosphere for 8 h. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed the formation of strong nitrides, indicating the diffusion of nitrogen into the SS matrix. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that a nitride layer was deposited on the sample surface, thereby helping to control the leaching of metal ions. The corrosion resistance of the alloy systems in artificial saliva solution indicated minimal weight loss, indicating improved corrosion resistance. The cytotoxicity assessment of the alloy system showed that the developed modified stainless steel alloys are compatible with living cells and can be used as implant materials.

scholarly journals An Insight into Chemistry and Structure of Colloidal 2D-WS2 Nanoflakes: Combined XPS and XRD Study

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1969
Author(s):  
Riccardo Scarfiello ◽  
Elisabetta Mazzotta ◽  
Davide Altamura ◽  
Concetta Nobile ◽  
Rosanna Mastria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Crystal Habit ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Morphological Evaluation ◽  
Rational Understanding ◽  
Structural Inspection

The surface and structural characterization techniques of three atom-thick bi-dimensional 2D-WS2 colloidal nanocrystals cross the limit of bulk investigation, offering the possibility of simultaneous phase identification, structural-to-morphological evaluation, and surface chemical description. In the present study, we report a rational understanding based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and structural inspection of two kinds of dimensionally controllable 2D-WS2 colloidal nanoflakes (NFLs) generated with a surfactant assisted non-hydrolytic route. The qualitative and quantitative determination of 1T’ and 2H phases based on W 4f XPS signal components, together with the presence of two kinds of sulfur ions, S22− and S2−, based on S 2p signal and related to the formation of WS2 and WOxSy in a mixed oxygen-sulfur environment, are carefully reported and discussed for both nanocrystals breeds. The XPS results are used as an input for detailed X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis allowing for a clear discrimination of NFLs crystal habit, and an estimation of the exact number of atomic monolayers composing the 2D-WS2 nanocrystalline samples.

Interaction of Bovine Serum Albumin and Lysozyme with Stainless Steel Studied by Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Langmuir ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (47) ◽  
pp. 16306-16317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda S. Hedberg ◽  
Manuela S. Killian ◽  
Eva Blomberg ◽  
Sannakaisa Virtanen ◽  
Patrik Schmuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Secondary Ion

Deposition of Cobalt Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Film Nano-Composites Via Pulsed Electron Beam Ablation

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asghar Ali ◽  
Patrick Morrow ◽  
Redhouane Henda ◽  
Ragnar Fagerberg
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Binding Energy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Oxide Thin Film ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pulsed Electron Beam ◽  
Deposited Films

AbstractThis study reports on the preparation of cobalt doped zinc oxide (Co:ZnO) films via pulsed electron beam ablation (PEBA) from a single target containing 20 w% Co on sapphire (0001) and silicon (100) substrates. The films have been deposited at various temperatures (350оC, 400оC, 450оC) and pulse frequencies (2 Hz, 4 Hz), under a background argon (Ar) pressure of about 3 mtorr, and an accelerating voltage of 14 kV. The surface morphology has been examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). According to SEM analysis, the films consist of nano-globules whose size is in the range of 80-178 nm. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) reveals that deposition is congruent and the prepared films contain ∼20±5 w% cobalt. It has been found that the nano-globules in the deposited films are cobalt-rich zones containing ∼70 w% Co. From x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, Co 2p3/2 peaks indicate that the deposited films contain CoO (binding energy = 780.5 eV) as well as metallic Co (binding energy = 778.1-778.5 eV). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis supports the presence of metallic Co hcp phase (2ϴ = 44.47° and 47.43°) in the films.

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