Circulating Metabolites Associated with Body Fat and Lean Mass in Adults with Overweight/Obesity

The interplay between fat mass and lean mass within human metabolism is not completely understood. We aimed to identify specific circulating metabolomic profiles associated with these body composition compartments. Cross-sectional analyses were conducted over 236 adults with overweight/obesity from the Satiety Innovation (SATIN) study. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. A targeted multiplatform metabolite profiling approach was applied. Associations between 168 circulating metabolites and the body composition measures were assessed using elastic net regression analyses. The accuracy of the multimetabolite weighted models was evaluated using a 10-fold cross-validation approach and the Pearson’s correlation coefficients between metabolomic profiles and body compartments were estimated. Two different profiles including 86 and 65 metabolites were selected for % body fat and lean mass. These metabolites mainly consisted of lipids (sphingomyelins, phosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylcholines), acylcarnitines, and amino acids. Several metabolites overlapped between these body composition measures but none of them towards the same direction. The Pearson correlation coefficients between the metabolomic profiles and % body fat or lean mass were 0.80 and 0.79, respectively. Our findings suggest alterations in lipid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and protein degradation with increased adiposity and decreased lean body mass. These findings could help us to better understand the interplay between body composition compartments with human metabolic processes.

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Prediction of the <i>in vivo</i> Body Composition of Pigs Based on Cross- Sectional Region Analysis of Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) Scans

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-45-535-2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 535-545

Author(s):

A. D. Mitchell ◽

A. Scholz ◽

V. Pursel

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Chemical Analysis ◽

Body Fat ◽

The Body ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Body Protein ◽

Total Body Fat ◽

Total Body ◽

Dxa Scans

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a cross-sectional scan as an alternative to the total body DXA scan for predicting the body composition of pigs in vivo. A total of 212 pigs (56 to 138 kg live body weight) were scanned by DXA. The DXA scans were analyzed for percentage fat and lean in the total body and in 14 cross-sections (57.6 mm wide): 5 in the front leg/thoracic region, 4 in the abdominal region, and 5 in the back leg region. Regression analysis was used to compare total body and cross-sectional DXA results and chemical analysis of total body fat, protein and water. The relation (R2) between the percentage fat in individual slices and the percentage of total body fat measured by DXA ranged from 0.78 to 0.97 and by chemical analysis from 0.71 to 0.85, respectively. The relation between the percentage of lean in the individual slices and chemical analysis for percentage of total body protein and water ranged from 0.48 to 0.60 and 0.56 to 0.76, respectively. These results indicate that total body composition of the pig can be predicted (accurately) by performing a time-saving single-pass cross-sectional scan.

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The Relationship between Body Composition, Dietary Intake, Physical Activity, and Pulmonary Status in Adolescents and Adults with Cystic Fibrosis

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu14020310 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 310

Author(s):

Kevin J. Scully ◽

Laura T. Jay ◽

Steven Freedman ◽

Gregory S. Sawicki ◽

Ahmet Uluer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Body Composition ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Body Fat ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adolescents And Adults

Measures of body fat and lean mass may better predict important clinical outcomes in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) than body mass index (BMI). Little is known about how diet quality and exercise may impact body composition in these patients. Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) body composition, 24-h dietary recall, and physical activity were assessed in a cross-sectional analysis of 38 adolescents and adults with CF and 19 age-, race-, and gender-matched healthy volunteers. Compared with the healthy volunteers, participants with CF had a lower appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), despite no observed difference in BMI, and their diets consisted of higher glycemic index foods with a greater proportion of calories from fat and a lower proportion of calories from protein. In participants with CF, pulmonary function positively correlated with measures of lean mass, particularly ALMI, and negatively correlated with multiple measures of body fat after controlling for age, gender, and BMI. Higher physical activity levels were associated with greater ALMI and lower body fat. In conclusion, body composition measures, particularly ALMI, may better predict key clinical outcomes in individuals with CF than BMI. Future longitudinal studies analyzing the effect of dietary intake and exercise on body composition and CF-specific clinical outcomes are needed.

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Fitness and body composition profiling of elite junior South African rugby players

South African Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.17159/2413-3108/2006/v18i2a242 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 38 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J Durandt ◽

S Du Toit ◽

J Borresen ◽

T Hew-Butler ◽

H Masimla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

South African ◽

Body Fat ◽

Age Groups ◽

Rugby Union ◽

The Body ◽

Upper Body ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sprinting Speed ◽

Rugby Players

Objective. The aim of this study was to describe the body composition, strength and speed characteristics of elite junior South African rugby players. Design. Cross-sectional. Setting. Field study. Subjects. Rugby players (16 and 18 years old, N = 174) selected for the South African Rugby Union National Green Squad. Outcome measures. Body composition, 10 m and 40 m speed, agility, 1RM bench press, underhand pull-ups, push-ups, multistage shuttle run. Results. The under-16 players were on average shorter (175.6 ± 5.7 v. 179.2 ± 6.7 cm), weighed less (76.5 ± 8.2 v. 84.8 ± 8.3 kg) had less upper body absolute strength (77.1 ± 11.8 kg v. 95.3 ± 16.7 kg) and muscular endurance (41 ± 12 v. 52 ± 15 push-ups) and aerobic fitness (87.1 ± 19.4 v. 93.5 ± 15.3 shuttles) than the under-18 players. There were no differences in body fat, sprinting speed (10 m and 40 m) or agility between the two age groups. There were differences between playing positions, with the props having the most body fat, strongest upper bodies, slowest sprinting speed, least agility and lowest aerobic capacity compared with players in the other positions. Conclusion. This study provides data for elite junior rugby players and can be used to monitor the progression of players after intervention while also assisting with talent identification for the different playing positions. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 18 (2) 2006: pp. 38-45

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Pengetahuan, Status Hidrasi, Persen Lemak Tubuh, Kadar Hemoglobin, dan Kebugaran Atlet Senam

Gorontalo Journal of Public Health ◽

10.32662/gjph.v2i2.737 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 170

Author(s):

Ayu Ghalda ◽

Nazhif Gifari ◽

Nadiyah Nadiyah

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Body Fat ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hemoglobin Level ◽

The Body ◽

Hydration Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Spearman Correlation Test

AbstractPhysical fitness is the ability of a person body to do a day work without feeling significant fatigue, that the body has a reserve of energy to overcome the excessive workload. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between hydration knowledge, hydration status, body composition, hemoglobin level with physical fitness in gymnastics athletes. This study was design a cross sectional study at GOR Raden Inten East Jakarta. Independent variables were hydration knowledge, hydration status, body composition (percent of body fat) and hemoglobin level, while the dependent variable was physical fitness. The statistical test used in this study was the spearman correlation test, because the dependent variable in this study was abnormally distributed. The results of this study were that there was no significant relationship between hydration knowledge and physical fitness (r = 0.181; p > 0.05), there was no significant relationship between hydration status and physical fitness (r = -0,440; p = 0,052), there was no relationship significant between body composition (percent of body fat) and physical fitness (r = 0,351; p > 0.05), and there was a significant relationship between hemoglobin level and physical fitness (r = 0,600; p < 0.05). The conclusion in this study, there was a significant relationship between hemoglobin level and physical fitness.Kebugaran jasmani merupakan kemampuan tubuh seseorang untuk melakukan suatu pekerjaan sehari-hari tanpa merasakan kelelahan yang cukup berarti, sehingga tubuh itu sendiri memiliki cadangan energi untuk mengatasi beban kerja yang berlebih. Tujuanpenelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan hidrasi, status hidrasi, komposisi tubuh, kadar hemoglobin dengan kebugaran pada atlet senam. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional yang dilakukan di GOR Raden Inten Jakarta Timur. Variabel independen yaitu pengetahuan hidrasi, status hidrasi, komposisi tubuh (persen lemak tubuh)dan kadar hemoglobin, sedangkan variabel dependen yaitu kebugaran. Uji statistik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji korelasi spearman, karena variabel dependen pada penelitan berdistribusi tidak normal. Hasil dari penelitian yaitu tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan hidrasi dan kebugaran (r=0,181; p>0,05), tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara status hidrasi dan kebugaran (r=-0,440; p>0,05), tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara komposisi tubuh dan kebugaran (r=0,351; p>0,05) dan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar hemoglobin dan kebugaran (r=0,600; p<0,05). Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini yaitu terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar hemoglobin dengan kebugaran atlet.

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Accuracy of physical self-description among chronic exercisers and non-exercisers

Health Psychology Research ◽

10.4081/hpr.2014.1746 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Joseph M. Berning ◽

Mark DeBeliso ◽

Trish G. Sevene ◽

Kent J. Adams ◽

Paul Salmon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Weight Management ◽

Body Fat ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Percent Body Fat ◽

Hydrostatic Weighing ◽

Similar Body ◽

Management Behaviors

This study addressed the role of chronic exercise to enhance physical self-description as measured by self-estimated percent body fat. Accuracy of physical self-description was determined in normal-weight, regularly exercising and non-exercising males with similar body mass index (BMI)’s and females with similar BMI’s (n=42 males and 45 females of which 23 males and 23 females met criteria to be considered chronic exercisers). Statistical analyses were conducted to determine the degree of agreement between self-estimated percent body fat and actual laboratory measurements (hydrostatic weighing). Three statistical techniques were employed: Pearson correlation coefficients, Bland and Altman plots, and regression analysis. Agreement between measured and self-estimated percent body fat was superior for males and females who exercised chronically, compared to non-exercisers. The clinical implications are as follows. Satisfaction with one’s body can be influenced by several factors, including self-perceived body composition. Dissatisfaction can contribute to maladaptive and destructive weight management behaviors. The present study suggests that regular exercise provides a basis for more positive weight management behaviors by enhancing the accuracy of self-assessed body composition.

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The role of anthropometrics in predicting the maximum oxygen consumption in emergency medicine students

Work ◽

10.3233/wor-205218 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Payam Heydari ◽

Farzaneh Ghiasvand ◽

Sakineh Varmazyar

Keyword(s):

Emergency Medicine ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Body Fat ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Body ◽

Maximum Oxygen Consumption ◽

Leg Length ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Body Dimensions

BACKGROUND: Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) is an important measure of cardiovascular capacity to deliver oxygen to the working muscle at maximal exercise. Anthropometrics is one of the factors that contribute to the maximum oxygen consumption. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to predict the maximum oxygen consumption based on anthropometrics in the emergency medicine students. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the emergency medicine students (n = 56) at Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. Before the data collection, participants completed the consent form and Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q). Then, the maximum oxygen consumption and anthropometrics (dimensions and compositions) were measured using Gerkin treadmill test and using tape, anthropometer device and digital caliper respectively. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, one-way analysis of variance and multivariate linear regression. RESULTS: The mean of maximum oxygen consumption was 4.11 lit/min in the emergency medicine students. There was a significant relationship between maximum oxygen consumption and anthropometrics (body dimensions and compositions including body fat, waist to hip circumference, and BMI) (p < 0.05). Also, the leg length, the body fat, and the BMI predicted 72% of oxygen consumption. The leg length and BMI had an important role in predicting the maximum oxygen consumption. CONCLUSIONS: The body dimensions and compositions should be taken into consideration to select students and match their capabilities with required energy for the job.

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Age and Training-Related Changes on Body Composition and Fitness in Male Amateur Cyclists

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph19010093 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 93

Author(s):

José Ramón Alvero-Cruz ◽

Jerónimo C. García Romero ◽

Francisco Javier Ordonez ◽

Denis Mongin ◽

Lorena Correas-Gómez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Body Fat ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Age Groups ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Peak Power Output ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age Related

Master athletes are considered as a model of healthy aging because they can limit the age-related decline of physiological abilities compared to sedentary individuals. The main objective of this study is to analyze age-related changes and annual training on body composition (BC) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) parameters. The participants in this retrospective cross-sectional study were 176 male cyclists, aged 40–60 years. BC was evaluated through anthropometric measurements and CRF was determined by an incremental cycle ergometer test to exhaustion. A comparative study between age groups was carried out through a one-way ANOVA test and the associations between the variables were assessed by Spearman’s correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis to estimate the performance. Training was generally associated with a decrease in both body weight and body fat (p < 0.05). A decrease in resting heart rate was observed as a vagal effect of kilometers cycled per year (p < 0.05). Kilometers cycled per year were associated with an increase in peak power output, which was larger in the master 40 group (p < 0.05) with a non-significant upward in VO2max (p > 0.05). In the performance prediction model, the included variables explained 52% of the variance. In summary, the changes induced by age were minimal in BC and negligible in CRF, whereas HR decreased with age. Training load was generally associated with a decrease in body weight, BMI and body fat percentage that was particularly notable in the abdominal skin folds. A decrease in HRrest was observed as a vagal effect due to kilometers cycled per year, and age did not seem to have a significant effect. The annual cycling kilometers were associated with to high PPO that is greater in the M40 group and a non-significant upward trend in VO2max.

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Body composition and markers of cardiometabolic health in transgender youth compared to cisgender youth: a cross-sectional study

10.1101/603019 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Natalie J Nokoff ◽

Sharon L Scarbro ◽

Kerrie L Moreau ◽

Philip Zeitler ◽

Kristen J Nadeau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Hormone Therapy ◽

Body Fat ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Transgender Youth

AbstractContextUp to 1.8% of adolescents identify as transgender and many more seek care, yet the impact of gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) on cardiometabolic health is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine insulin sensitivity and body composition among transgender females (TF) and males (TM) on estradiol or testosterone, compared to cisgender females (CF) and males (CM).DesignPilot, cross-sectional study conducted from 2016-2018.Setting. Academic regional transgender referral center.ParticipantsTransgender adolescents on either testosterone or estradiol for at least 3 months were recruited. Nineteen TM were matched to 19 CM and 42 CF on pubertal stage and body mass index (BMI). Eleven TF were matched to 23 CF and 13 TF to 24 CM on age and BMI.Main Outcome Measure(s)1/[fasting insulin] and body composition (dual-energy absorptiometry, DXA).ResultsTotal body fat was lower in TM than CF (29±7 vs. 33±7%, p=0.002) and higher than CM (28±7 vs. 24±9%, p=0.047). TM had higher lean mass than CF (68±7 vs. 64±7%, p=0.002) and lower than CM (69± vs. 73±8%, p=0.029). Insulin sensitivity was not different between the groups.TF had lower body fat than CF (31±7 vs. 35±8%, p=0.033) and higher than CM (28±6 vs. 20±10, p=0.001). TF had higher lean mass than CF (66±6 vs. 62±7%, p=0.032) and lower than CM (69±5 vs. 77±9%, p=0.001). TF were more insulin resistant than CM (0.078±0.025 vs. 0.142±0.064, p=0.011).ConclusionsTransgender adolescents on GAHT have significant differences in body composition compared to cisgender controls, with a body composition intermediate between BMI-matched cisgender males and females. These changes in body composition may have consequences for the cardiometabolic health of transgender adolescents.PrecisTransgender youth on gender affirming hormone therapy have differences in their percent fat and lean mass compared to cisgender (non-transgender) youth.

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Body composition assessment among adults in Thika, Kiambu county, Kenya

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20192879 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 2568

Author(s):

Mututho L. N. ◽

Kiboi W. K. ◽

Waihenya R. N.

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Fat ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

The Body ◽

Hydration Status ◽

P Value ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Body Composition Assessment ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Research has shown that body composition is directly related to health. Altered body composition, can greatly increase the risks of conditions such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis fosters early detection of an improper balance in the body composition, which allows for earlier intervention and prevention.Methods: This was a cross sectional analysis of body composition for adults who volunteered to be screened during a Nutrition week in Kiambu County, Kenya. A total of 301 adults were included in the assessment. Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body composition (body fat %, bone mass, muscle mass, visceral fat and water %) were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis.Results: The age of the participants ranged from 18-99 years (mean 42.19±16.57 years). Most of the participants were males (53.5%). More than half (53.2%) of the participants had a poor BMI, 37.2% had high total body fat percentage, 12.6% had excess levels of visceral fat and 26.6% had poor water hydration status. Age (OR=0.095; p value <0.001; CI 0.033-0272) and visceral fat (r=0.74; p value <0.001) were significantly associated with the BMI. Females had a significantly higher BMI (P <0.001). Visceral fat was also positively correlated with age: r=0.74; P value <0.001.Conclusions: Sex, age and BMI were important determinants of body composition. Increased physical activity, appropriate dietary practices are crucial in maintaining a healthy BMI and body composition. For timely intervention regular nutrition screening should be promoted among different populations.

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Injury frequency and body composition of elite Romanian rugby players

Timisoara Physical Education and Rehabilitation Journal ◽

10.1515/tperj-2015-0011 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (15) ◽

pp. 17-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bogdan Almăjan-Guţă ◽

Alexandra-Mihaela Rusu ◽

Adrian Nagel ◽

Claudiu Avram

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Fat ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Sports Injuries ◽

Physical Exertion ◽

The Body ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

National Team ◽

Composition Analyzer ◽

Rugby Players

Abstract Background: The physical exertion in the game of rugby is intense and depends on the playing position. This study hypothesized that peculiarities of body composition are important and should be properly interpreted in order to improve fitness and particularly in order to reduce the risk of injuries. Purpose: The aim of the present paper is to highlight the importance of body composition evaluation and to underline the usefulness of the data thus obtained for both training individualization and sports injuries risk reduction. Material and Methods: Thirty seven senior male rugby players from the former Romanian national team were assessed on body composition using a segmental multi-frequency bio-impedance analyzer InBody 720 (The Body Composition Analyzer – South Korea). We compared the results from both the preseason and the regular season 2012 with the international norms for elite players and we categorized the data by playing positions. Results: We have analyzed the amount of lean mass on each limb (kg), body water content (l), percentage of body fat, bone mineral and protein content (kg). We observed that the number of injuries is directly correlated to high levels of body fat percentage, low lean mass, and edema scores. Conclusions: The risk of injury can be identified among elite rugby players not only by using fitness tests, but also by using a simple and objective test of body composition. These results show how important it is to monitor the level of body fat, lean muscle mass and muscular development in order to modify nutrition and food habits, individualize trainings and thus reduce the number of injuries.

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