scholarly journals Innovative Implementation of an Alternative Tetrathiafulvene Derivative for Flexible Indium Phthalocyanine Chloride-Based Solar Cells

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 633
Author(s):  
Leon Hamui ◽  
María Elena Sánchez-Vergara
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Type I ◽  
Photovoltaic Properties ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Heterojunction Device ◽  
Planar Heterojunction ◽  
A Charge

Herein, we present the photovoltaic properties of an indium phthalocyanine chloride (InClPc)-based flexible planar heterojunction device, introducing the tetrathiafulvene derivative 4,4′-Dimethyl-5,5′-diphenyltetrathiafulvalene (DMDP-TTF) as the electron donor layer. UV-vis spectroscopy is widely used to characterize the electronic behavior of the InClPc/DMDP-TTF active layer. The interactions between the DMDP-TTF and phthalocyanine are predominantly intermolecular and the result of the aggregation of InClPc. Tauc bands were obtained at 1.41 and 2.8 eV; these energy peaks can result in a charge transfer ascribed to the transition from the DMDP-TTF to π-orbitals that are associated with the phthalocyanine ring or even with the same indium metal center. Conductive carbon (CC) was used for the cathode. Finally, an indium tin oxide (ITO)/InClPc/DMDP-TTF/CC device was fabricated by high-vacuum thermal evaporation onto a flexible substrate and the photovoltaic properties were evaluated. A diode type I-V curve behavior was observed with a photovoltaic response under illumination. A generated photocurrent of 2.25 × 10−2 A/cm2 was measured. A conductivity reduction with the incident photon energy from 1.61 × 10−7 S/cm to 1.43 × 10−7 S/cm is observed. The diode resistance presents two different behaviors with the applied voltage. A VTFL of 5.39 V, trap concentration of 7.74 × 1016 cm−3, and carrier mobility values of ~10−6 cm2/V s were calculated, showing improved characteristics via the innovative implementation of an alternative TTF-derivative, indicating that the DMDP-TTF has a strong interaction at the junction where free available states are increased, thus inducing higher mobilities due to the large number of π-orbitals, which indicates the feasibility of its use in solar cells technology.

Synthesis and Characterisation of Indium Tin Oxide Thin Films for Dye-Sensitised Solar Cells using Natural Fruit Extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Ramyashree ◽  
K. Kumar ◽  
S. Shanmuga Priya ◽  
K. Sudhakar
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Nanocrystalline Phase ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Ito Films

The study focuses on the application of natural fruit extract of blackberry in dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSC) as a photosensitiser. The widespread availability of the fruits and juices, high concentration of anthocyanins in them ease of extraction of anthocyanin dyes from these commonly available fruits, enable them as a novel and inexpensive candidates for solar cell fabrication. Anthocyanins are naturally occurring biodegradable and non-toxic compounds that can be extracted with minimal environmental impact and provide environmentally benign alternatives for manufacturing dyes in DSSC synthesis. Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films are synthesised using sol-gel and spin-coating techniques. ITO characteristics are determined by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transforms infrared spectra (FTIR) measurements. To find the transmittance percentage in the visible region of thin films, atomic force microscope (AFM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy analyses were done. The nanocrystalline phase of the synthesised ITO films was confirmed through XRD. SEM was used to analyse the morphology of the synthesised ITO films. Cubic, columnar (edge length ~ 35-45 nm) and rod-shaped (~110 x 14) particles were observed. Narrow size distribution was observed for spherical particles in the range of ~13-15 nm. The FTIR analysis revealed the presence of carboxyl and hydroxide functional groups. The AFM analysis revealed the uniform spread of the synthesised dye, while the visible region absorbance and transmittance of the synthesised ITO films were confirmed through UV-vis spectroscopy. The thin films showed 83-86% of average transmittance. Finally, we fabricated a dye-sensitised solar cell with desired properties. The characterisation results confirmed that the synthesised material could be used in the DSSC application.

Fabrication of Polymer Solar Cells on Flexible Substrate

2013 ◽  
Vol 789 ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
Erlyta Septa Rosa ◽  
Shobih Shobih
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Polymer Solar Cells ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Active Area ◽  
Flexible Polymer

Polymer blends are potential candidates for solar-energy conversion, due to their flexibility, ease of processing, and low costs. We report herein 2.6 cm2 active area of flexible polymer solar cells based on blends of polymeric semiconductor [poly (2-methoxy-5-(3,7-dimethyloctyloxy)-(para-phenylene vinylene)] (MDMO-PPV) and the soluble fullerene C60 derivative [6,6 phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl este (PCBM). Devices were prepared by etching an electrode pattern of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) covered on poly [ethylene terephthalat (PET) substrate. A layer of conducting poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrene sulphonate) (PEDOT:PSS) were screen printed on top of the ITO. Followed by spin coated a polymer blends of MDMO-PPV/PCBM in chlorobenzene onto PEDOT:PSS layer. Finally, evaporation of a silver electrode and PET film lamination completed the devices. The typical overall power efficiency of the prototype devices in an active area of 2.6 cm2 was 0.004 % with open-circuit voltage of 1.473 Volt, short-circuit current of 5.84 x 10-06 Ampere, and maximum power of 2.12 x 10-06 Watt.

Photovoltaic properties of CdS/phthalocyanine heterojunction cells

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 901-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Hor ◽  
R. O. Loutfy
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Cadmium Sulfide ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Optimum Thickness ◽  
Vacuum Deposition ◽  
Photovoltaic Properties ◽  
Heterojunction Solar Cells ◽  
P Type ◽  
Photovoltaic Characteristics

Photovoltaic heterojunction solar cells formed between n-type cadmium sulfide, CdS, and various p-type phthaloeyanines (Pc) such as H2Pc, ZnPc, MgPc, CuPc, MnPc, PbPc, and VOPc were investigated. The cells were prepared by electrodepositing thin CdS films onto conducting indium-tin oxide (ITO) followed by sequential vacuum deposition of the phthaloeyanines and gold layers. Among the seven phthaloeyanines studied, ZnPc and MgPc exhibited the highest photovoltaic activity. Some optimization work was done for both the ZnPc and MgPc heterojunction devices. The optimum thickness of CdS and phthaloeyanines was found to be 500 and 850 Å, respectively. Under an illumination of 50 mW cm−2, the photovoltaic characteristics of the ITO/CdS/ZnPc/Au cell were: Voc = 0.54 volts, Jsc = 285 μA cm−2, and η = 0.10%, while the ITO/CdS/MgPc/Au cell delivered Voc = 0.46 volts, Jsc = 231 μA cm−2, and η = 0.066%.

scholarly journals Enhanced Photovoltaic Properties of Perovskite Solar Cells by Employing Bathocuproine/Hydrophobic Polymer Films as Hole-Blocking/Electron-Transporting Interfacial Layers

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Guan-Zhi Liu ◽  
Chi-Shiuan Du ◽  
Jeng-Yue Wu ◽  
Bo-Tau Liu ◽  
Tzong-Ming Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Storage Stability ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
Photovoltaic Properties ◽  
Interfacial Layers ◽  
Hydrophobic Polymers ◽  
And Storage

In this study, we improved the photovoltaic (PV) properties and storage stabilities of inverted perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) based on methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) by employing bathocuproine (BCP)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and BCP/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as hole-blocking and electron-transporting interfacial layers. The architecture of the PVSCs was indium tin oxide/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate/MAPbI3/[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester/BCP based interfacial layer/Ag. The presence of PMMA and PVP affected the morphological stability of the BCP and MAPbI3 layers. The storage-stability of the BCP/PMMA-based PVSCs was enhanced significantly relative to that of the corresponding unmodified BCP-based PVSC. Moreover, the PV performance of the BCP/PVP-based PVSCs was enhanced when compared with that of the unmodified BCP-based PVSC. Thus, incorporating hydrophobic polymers into BCP-based hole-blocking/electron-transporting interfacial layers can improve the PV performance and storage stability of PVSCs.

scholarly journals Enhanced Photovoltaic Properties of Perovskite Solar Cells by Employing Bathocuproine/Hydrophobic Polymer Films as Hole-Blocking/Electron-Transporting Interfacial Layers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guan-Zhi Liu ◽  
Chi-Shiuan Du ◽  
Jeng-Yue Wu ◽  
Bo-Tau Liu ◽  
Tzong-Ming Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Storage Stability ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
Photovoltaic Properties ◽  
Interfacial Layers ◽  
Hydrophobic Polymers ◽  
And Storage

In this study, we improved the photovoltaic (PV) properties and storage stabilities of inverted perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) based on methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) by employing bathocuproine (BCP)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and BCP/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as hole-blocking and electron-transporting interfacial layers. The architecture of the PVSCs was indium tin oxide/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate/MAPbI3/[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester/BCP:PMMA or BCP:PVP/Ag. The presence of PMMA and PVP affected the morphological stability of the BCP and MAPbI3 layers. The storage-stability of the BCP/PMMA-based PVSCs was enhanced significantly relative to that of the corresponding unmodified BCP-based PVSC. Moreover, the PV performance of the BCP/PVP-based PVSCs was enhanced when compared with that of the unmodified BCP-based PVSC. Thus, incorporating hydrophobic polymers into BCP-based hole-blocking/electron-transporting interfacial layers can improve the PV performance and storage stability of PVSCs.

scholarly journals Thickness Optimization and Photovoltaic Properties of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells Based on PFB–PCBM Layer

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5915
Author(s):  
Sayed Izaz Uddin ◽  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
Fakhra Aziz ◽  
Mahidur R. Sarker ◽  
Fida Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Bulk Heterojunction ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Active Layer Thickness ◽  
Photovoltaic Properties ◽  
Effective Spin ◽  
Bhj Device

We report on the fabrication and study of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells based on a novel combination of a donor–acceptor poly(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(N,N0-diphenyl)-N,N′di(p-butyl-oxy-pheyl)-1,4-diamino-benzene) (PFB) and [6, 6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blend composed of 1:1 by volume. indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/PFB–PCBM/Ag BHJ solar cells are fabricated by a facile cost-effective spin-coating technique. The thickness of the active film (PFB–PCBM) plays an important role in the efficiency of light absorption, exciton creation, and dissociation into free charges that results in higher power conversion efficiency (PCE). In order to optimize the PCE as a function of active layer thickness, a number of solar cells are fabricated with different thicknesses of PFB–PCBM films at 120, 140, 160, 180, and 200 nm, and their photovoltaic characteristics are investigated. It is observed that the device with a 180 nm thick film demonstrates a maximum PCE of 2.9% with a fill factor (FF) of 53% under standard testing conditions (STC) (25 °C, 1.5 AM global, and 100 mW/cm2). The current–voltage (I-V) properties of the ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PFB–PCBM/Ag BHJ devices are also measured in dark conditions to measure and understand different parameters of the heterojunction. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy for the PFB–PCBM film of optimal thickness (180 nm) are carried out to understand the effect of surface morphology on the PCE and bandgap of the blend, respectively. The AFM micrographs show a slightly non-uniform and rough surface with an average surface roughness (Ra) of 29.2 nm. The UV-vis measurements of the PFB–PCBM blend exhibit a reduced optical bandgap of ≈2.34 eV as compared to that of pristine PFB (2.88 eV), which results in an improved absorption of light and excitons generation. The obtained results for the ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PFB–PCBM (180 nm)/Ag BHJ device are compared with the ones previously reported for the P3HT–PCBM blend with the same film thickness. It is observed that the PFB–PCBM-based BHJ device has shown two times higher open circuit voltage (Voc) and, hence, enhanced the efficiency.

scholarly journals Improved performance of hole-transporting layer-free perovskite solar cells by using graphene oxide sheets as the nucleation centers

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (72) ◽  
pp. 45320-45326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Sun ◽  
Tong Lin ◽  
Qiaogang Song ◽  
Yue Fu ◽  
Ye Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Hole Transport Layer ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Planar Heterojunction ◽  
Graphene Oxide Sheets

Graphene oxide sheets (GOSs) are introduced between indium tin oxide (ITO) and CH3NH3PbI3 in inverted hole-transport layer-free planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells.

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