scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Sensor Module Based on NDIR Technology

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 845
Author(s):  
Libing Zhou ◽  
Yaoyi He ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Lei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Light Propagation ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Coupling Efficiency ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Compensation Algorithm ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
Sensor Module ◽  
Gas Chamber ◽  
Channel Type

In this paper, a gas detection system with an environmental compensation algorithm based on nondispersive infrared (NDIR) technology was designed. The prepared infrared pyroelectric detector was a dual-channel type based on the lithium tantalate (LiTaO3) wafer. The design of the optical gas chamber adopted a combination of two ellipsoids and a spherical top surface, which not only enhanced the coupling efficiency of the light propagation but also facilitated the miniaturization of the sensor module. In addition to this, a temperature and humidity compensation algorithm based on the least square method was proposed to make the measurement accuracy up to ±0.9% full scale (FS).

scholarly journals An Enhanced Detection System of Drill Rod Bending Degree Based on Two-Dimensional Laser

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Lingling Wu ◽  
Guojun Wen ◽  
Yudan Wang ◽  
Xinjian Xu
Keyword(s):  
Detection Method ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Optical Inspection ◽  
Section Shape ◽  
Mechanical Bending ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Displacement Based

Drill rod straightness has to be strictly controlled and the maximum bending degree detection needs to be used in the straightening process. The mechanical bending degree measurement depends on machinery instruments and workers’ experience, often with low efficiency and precision. While the optical inspection, as a non-contact detection method, with higher precision and lower installation accuracy requirements, is frequently applied in the online detection system. Based on this, an enhanced bending degree detection system for a drill rod is proposed in this paper. Compared to the existing detection system, the main progress is to use a two-dimensional laser to quickly obtain arc profile data and fit with ellipse. Segment inspection idea is also utilized is this system as the camera that could obtain the whole drill rod in one shot needs extremely high resolution and price. A specialized algorithm is designed to fit the cross-section shape and whole centerline displacement based on the least square method. Some laboratory tests are conducted to verify this detection system, findings of which are compared to manual measured results. The maximum bending degree error is 2.14 mm and the maximum position error is 8.21 mm, which are both within the tolerance of error. Those results show the feasibility and precision of this enhanced detection system.

scholarly journals Optimized Design and Calibration of the Triaxis Induction Magnetometer with Crosstalk and Nonorthogonality Compensation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hongyu Shi ◽  
Yanzhang Wang ◽  
Jun Lin
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Error Component ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Compensation Algorithm ◽  
Sensor Configuration ◽  
Dependent Error

An optimized triaxis induction magnetometer has been designed and calibrated to minimize the influences from the nonorthogonality and the magnetic flux crosstalk. Utilizing the nonlinear least square method, contributions due to the nonorthogonal assembly of three transducers are cancelled. The magnetic flux crosstalk is a frequency-dependent error component in the calibration of the triaxis induction magnetometer. Influences from the assembly density, the frequency, and the feedback amount are analyzed theoretically, and an optimized sensor configuration which has a smaller crosstalk is achieved. Moreover, a mathematical compensation algorithm has also been utilized to suppress the residues crosstalk ulteriorly. To validate the theoretical analysis, a triaxis induction magnetometer was manufactured and the experiment setup has also been built. The experiment results show that the cross-outputs of the transverse induction magnetometers have been significantly decreased about two orders, indicating that the proposed method is applicable for the triaxis induction magnetometer.

Quantitative Detection of C2H2 Gas Based on an Infrared Laser Gas Sensor

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 400-406
Author(s):  
Jia Gui Tao ◽  
Jing Lei Shi ◽  
Xiao Xing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Infrared Laser ◽  
State Assessment ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Quantitative Detection

Detection of C2H2 gas in transformer oil is significant for diagnosing the operating state assessment of power equipment. The paper develops an infrared laser gas sensor to detect the C2H2 gas in transformer oil, and also introduces the system structure in detail. A gas-absorbed laser cell that contains a series of laser reflectors is designed and used in our detection system, which adds the optical path without changing the volume of the cell. 1529.16nm is chosen as the characteristic spectrum line of C2H2 gas, and concentration of C2H2 gas is quantitatively analyzed based on least square method. The experiment result shows that in certain volume fraction range of acetylene, the absorbance has a good linear relationship with the acetylene concentration, and the minimum detection limit for acetylene is 10μL/L. In general, the developed infrared laser gas sensor can detect C2H2 gas in transformer oil effectively.

Design of Rank Accuracy Detection System for Screw

2010 ◽  
Vol 37-38 ◽  
pp. 331-334
Author(s):  
Zhao Xin Meng ◽  
Zhi Wei Li ◽  
Jun Cao
Keyword(s):  
Laser Interferometer ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Solution Procedure ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Error Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Algorithm ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Frequency Laser ◽  
Static Detection

In view of defects of static detection for screw, such as low efficiency, man made errors, this paper designed a dynamic detecting system, which employs two-frequency laser interferometer as the displacement benchmark and encoder as the angle benchmark. According to the lasting standards, the solution procedure of error evaluation algorithm is optimized by least square method to reduce computation. Experiment shows this system can dynamically detected screw, of which rank accuracy is more than two.

scholarly journals Least Square Privacy Preserving Technique for Intrusion Detection System

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2312-2319
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Privacy Preservation ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Ensemble Classification ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
User Privacy ◽  
Network Intrusion

Network intrusion is a foremost growing concern threat in the cyberspace, which can be damage the network architecture in a multiple ways by modifying the system configuration/parameters. Hackers/Intruders are familiar with signature based intrusion detection models and they are making successful attempts to crash the networks. Hence, it is necessary to preserve user privacy on intrusion data. PPDM techniques forms a necessary but existing techniques such as Encryption, Perturbation, Data Transformation, Normalization, L-Diversity, K-Anonymity methods forms excessive generalization and suppression problems. In this paper, LSPPM distortion technique using Least Square Method with ensemble classification model have been proposed for providing efficient privacy preservation on intrusion data. The proposed methodology is validated on benchmark NSL_KDD intrusion dataset. A comparative analysis of NSL_KDD class attributes is performed for better classification in terms of accuracy, FAR, F-Score and time taken to build LSPPM-NIDS. The experimental results of state-of-art PPDM methods are also analyzed before and after distortion, and privacy measures to ascertain the degree of privacy offered.

scholarly journals Vision-based kinematic analysis of the Delta robot for object catching

Robotica ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Sachin Kansal ◽  
Sudipto Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Inverse Kinematics ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Implicit Model ◽  
Implicit Equations ◽  
Sensor Module ◽  
Fixed Base ◽  
Projection Error

SUMMARY This paper proposes a vision-based kinematic analysis and kinematic parameters identification of the proposed architecture, designed to perform the object catching in the real-time scenario. For performing the inverse kinematics, precise estimation of the link lengths and other parameters needs to be present. Kinematic identification of Delta based upon Model10 implicit model with ten parameters using the iterative least square method is implemented. The loop closure implicit equations have been modelled. In this paper, a vision-based kinematic analysis of the Delta robots to do the catching is discussed. A predefined library of ArUco is used to get a unique solution of the kinematics of the moving platform with respect to the fixed base. The re-projection error while doing the calibration in the vision sensor module is 0.10 pixels. Proposed architecture interfaced with the hardware using the PID controller. Encoders are quadrature and have a resolution of 0.15 degrees embedded in the experimental setup to make the system closed-loop (acting as feedback unit).

scholarly journals Payload Identification and Gravity/Inertial Compensation for Six-Dimensional Force/Torque Sensor with a Fast and Robust Trajectory Design Approach

Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Jinjun Duan ◽  
Zhouchi Liu ◽  
Yiming Bin ◽  
Kunkun Cui ◽  
Zhendong Dai
Keyword(s):  
Force Control ◽  
Inertial Force ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Trajectory Design ◽  
Identification Algorithm ◽  
Torque Sensor ◽  
Compensation Algorithm

In the robot contact operation, the robot relies on the multi-dimensional force/torque sensor installed at the end to sense the external contact force. When the effective load and speed of the robot are large, the gravity/inertial force generated by it will have a non-negligible impact on the output of the force sensor, which will seriously affect the accuracy and effect of the force control. The existing identification algorithm time is often longer, which also affects the efficiency of force control operations. In this paper, a self-developed multi-dimensional force sensor with integrated gravity/inertial force sensing function is used to directly measure the resultant force. Further, a method for the rapid identification of payload based on excitation trajectory is proposed. Firstly, both a gravity compensation algorithm and an inertial force compensation algorithm are introduced. Secondly, the optimal spatial recognition pose based on the excitation trajectory was designed, and the excitation trajectory of each joint is represented by a finite Fourier series. The least square method is used to calculate the identification parameters of the load, the gravity, and inertial force. Finally, the experiment was verified on the robot. The experimental results show that the algorithm can quickly identify the payload, and it is faster and more accurate than other algorithms.

Research on a Kind of Quick Background Motion Compensation Algorithm Based on BRISK Operator

2014 ◽  
Vol 668-669 ◽  
pp. 1178-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Min Lei ◽  
Zhi Bin Feng ◽  
Shu Jiao Ji ◽  
Xiao Xue Xing
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Motion Compensation ◽  
Video Sequence ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Motion Vector ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Compensation Algorithm ◽  
Time Problem ◽  
Background Motion

In order to solve the real-time problem in the background motion compensation in video sequence, a kind of quick background motion compensation algorithm based on BRISK operator has been proposed in this paper. Firstly, feature points of two adjacent frames images was extracted and matched by using BRISK operator. Secondly, the motion vector of the neighboring frames images was calculated by using the least square method (LSM). Lastly, the video sequences were compensated by using bilinear interpolation method. The simulation results show that real-time can arrive at ms grade and meet the requirement of background motion compensation.

Direct Assessment of Effective Renal Plasma Flow from Renoscintigraphy with a Gamma Camera and an On-Line Computer

1981 ◽  
Vol 20 (06) ◽  
pp. 274-278
Author(s):  
J. Liniecki ◽  
J. Bialobrzeski ◽  
Ewa Mlodkowska ◽  
M. J. Surma
Keyword(s):  
Count Rate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Uptake Coefficient ◽  
Positive Linear Correlation ◽  
On Line ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Plasma Activity

A concept of a kidney uptake coefficient (UC) of 131I-o-hippurate was developed by analogy from the corresponding kidney clearance of blood plasma in the early period after injection of the hippurate. The UC for each kidney was defined as the count-rate over its ROI at a time shorter than the peak in the renoscintigraphic curve divided by the integral of the count-rate curve over the "blood"-ROI. A procedure for normalization of both curves against each other was also developed. The total kidney clearance of the hippurate was determined from the function of plasma activity concentration vs. time after a single injection; the determinations were made at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 min after intravenous administration of 131I-o-hippurate and the best-fit curve was obtained by means of the least-square method. When the UC was related to the absolute value of the clearance a positive linear correlation was found (r = 0.922, ρ > 0.99). Using this regression equation the clearance could be estimated in reverse from the uptake coefficient calculated solely on the basis of the renoscintigraphic curves without blood sampling. The errors of the estimate are compatible with the requirement of a fast appraisal of renal function for purposes of clinical diagknosis.

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