scholarly journals A Portable Sensor System with Ultramicro Electrode Chip for the Detection of Heavy-Metal Ions in Water

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1468
Author(s):  
Yuekun Wang ◽  
Yuhao Xu ◽  
Jinhua Jiang ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Jianhua Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Copper Ion ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Mems Technology

In this study, an ultramicro interdigital electrode array chip (UIEA) was designed and fabricated by using Micro-Electro-Mechanical systems (MEMS) technology, and a portable detection system, using the chip for determination of heavy-metal ions in water, was developed. The working electrode of the UIEA was modified with gold nanoparticles by electrodeposition. The detection sensitivity of the UIEA chip for copper ions was 0.0138 μA·L·μg−1, with the linear range of 0–400 μg/L and the detection limit of 18.89 μg/L (3σ), which was better than that of the compared columnar glassy carbon electrode. The results of the interference experiment verified that the UIEA chip has a certain anti-interference ability against common heavy-metal ions in water, such as Pb2+, Zn2+, and Mg2+ ions. The standard addition method was used to investigate the performance of the developed s ystem for copper ion determination in real water. The recovery range from 87.5% to 94.7% was achieved.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Ions Adsorption from Wastewater Using Activated Carbon from Orange Peel

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 926-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Moreno-Piraján ◽  
Liliana Giraldo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Adsorption Isotherms ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Adsorption Model ◽  
Immersion Enthalpy ◽  
Adsorption Models

Activated carbon obtained from orange peel (ACOP) was synthesized and used for the removal of heavy metal ions (Cr, Cd, and Co) from aqueous solutions. Two different adsorption models were used for analyzing data. Adsorption capacities were determined: copper ions exhibit the greatest adsorption on activated carbon orange peel because of its size and pH conditions. Adsorption capacity varies as a function of pH. Adsorption isotherms from aqueous solution of heavy metals on ACOP were determined. Adsorption isotherms are consistent with Langmuir's adsorption model. Adsorbent quantity and immersion enthalpy were studied.

SORPTION MATERIALS BASED ON ALKALI-INSOLUBLE COMPONENTS PEAT AND BROWN COAL FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT FROM IONS OF HEAVY METAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 175-186
Author(s):  
Natalia S. Pershay ◽  
Yuriy G. Yanuta
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Brown Coal ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Water Soluble

The problem of environmental pollution with heavy metals is relevant for the Republic of Belarus. One of the ways to remove heavy metals from industrial wastewater is to treat them with sorbents. Sorbents based on peat and brown coal are effective and inexpensive, but their use leads to secondary contamination of the treated environment with water-soluble organic compounds. It is shown that the developed sorption materials based on peat and brown coal residues sorb heavy metal ions (copper, nickel, zinc) and do not pollute the treated medium with water-soluble organic compounds (the COС value of sorption materials does not exceed 5 mg O2/dm3). It was found that the exchange capacity of sorption materials in an acidic medium (pH 2.0) is higher than that of humic acids and is in the range of 0.17–1.38 mmol/g. The use of ultrasonic treatment to increase the exchange capacity of sorption materials makes it possible to increase it by 2.3–3.0 times for copper ions and 2.2 times for zinc ions, which is due to the destruction of large aggregates. The obtained results formed the basis for the development of a technology for obtaining sorption materials for wastewater treatment from heavy metal ions.

scholarly journals Heavy metal ions adsorption from mine waters by sawdust

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velizar Stankovic ◽  
Dragana Bozic ◽  
Milan Gorgievski ◽  
G. Bogdanovic
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Mine Water ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Supporting Electrolyte ◽  
Mine Waters ◽  
Copper Mine ◽  
Column Adsorption

In this work the results on the batch and column adsorption of copper and some associated ions by employing linden and poplar sawdust as a low-cost adsorbent are presented. The mine water from a local abandoned copper mine, as well as synthetic solutions of those ions which are the main constituents of the mine water were both used as a model-system in this study. The adsorption ability of the chosen sawdust to adsorb heavy metal ions is considered as a function of the initial pH of the solution and kind of metal ions. At lower pH of solutions the adsorption percentage (AD %) decreases leading to a zero AD % at pH < 1.1. Maximum AD % is achieved at 3.5 < pH < 5. It was found that poplar and linden sawdust have both almost equal adsorption capacities against copper ions. The highest AD % ( ?80%) was achieved for Cu2+, while for Fe2+ it was slightly above 10%. The other considered ions (Zn2+ and Mn2+) were within this interval. The results obtained in the batch mode were verified through the column test by using the real mine water originating from an acid mine drainage (AMD) of the copper mine 'Cerovo', RTB Bor. The breakthrough curves are presented as a function of the aqueous phase volume passed through the column allowing having an insight into the column adsorption features. Breakthrough points were determined for copper, manganese and zinc ions. A very high adsorption degree - higher than 99% was achieved in these experiments for all mentioned ions. After completing the adsorption, instead of desorption, the loaded sawdust was drained, dried and burned; the copper bearing ash was then leached with a controlled volume of sulphuric acid solution to concentrate copper therein. The obtained leach solution had the concentration of copper higher than 15 g dm-3 and the amount of H2SO4 high enough to serve as a supporting electrolyte suitable to be treated by the electrowinning for recovery of copper. The technology process based on the column adsorption is proposed and discussed.

scholarly journals Influence of heavy metal ions on ecotoxicological indicators of planorbarius corneus (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Bulinidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
Y. Babych ◽  
◽  
T. Pinkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Planorbarius Corneus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Mean Time

The influence of different concentrations of ions of copper, zinc, nickel, manganese of the aquatic environment on the ecotoxicological indicators of the wide range and the most numerous species of malacofauna of Ukraine – Planorbarius corneus (Linnaeus, 1758) was studied. According to the level of toxic effect on the coils, the pollutants studied by us belong to the categories of low-toxic (Mn2+), moderately toxic (Ni2+), highly toxic (Zn2+) and highly toxic (Cu2+) substances. The values of subthreshold, sublethal, chronically lethal, and acute lethal concentrations for each of the used toxicants (mg/dm3) were determined according to the peculiarities of behavior and physiological condition of the experimental animals. As the concentrations of metal ions in the medium increase, the values of the latent period in P. corneus increase. The first signs of poisoning in animals are a weakening of motor activity and increased mucus secretion. At lethal concentrations (LC100) of these toxicants in experimental mollusks develops a rapid pathological process. By the end of the experiment, all individuals in this group die. With increasing concentrations of heavy metal ions, lethal time and lethal mean time decrease. The highest lethal time values were observed for manganese (II) ions, and the lowest for copper ions. The reversibility of mollusk poisoning by different concentrations of these metals was studied. Restoration of functions in the studied animals is carried out in reverse order. Under the action of the same concentrations of heavy metal ions, the duration of the lethal mean time is different. The value of the coefficient of endurance under the influence of heavy metals on the horn extract decreases from high to low concentrations. At subthreshold concentrations, this coefficient cannot be established due to the absence of 100 % death of individuals until the end of the acute experiment. The values of the adaptation coefficient are the highest for highly toxic metal (Cu2+) and the lowest for weakly toxic (Mn2+). Under the action of copper ions, the adaptation of animals to the effects of the toxicant is temporary, followed by depression.

scholarly journals Study of the kinetics of sorption of heavy metal ions by dry biomass of cyanobacteria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Skugoreva ◽  
G. Ya. Kantor ◽  
L. I. Domracheva
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Sorption Rate ◽  
Cadmium Ions ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Kinetics Of Sorption

Sorption of copper (II), lead (II) and cadmium ions from a solution with a concentration of 1 ∙ 10-4 mol/L by dry biomass of cyanobacteria Fischerella muscicola occurred 1.4-1.9 times faster than Nostoc paludosum. The sorption rate of lead and copper ions was 1.9-2.6 times higher compared to cadmium ions.

Multistep Treatment of a Complex Electrolyte for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions and Recycling in Electrochemical Machining

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selis Önel ◽  
Gözde Ergin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Electrochemical Machining ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Environmental Threat ◽  
Strong Acids

Abstract During electrochemical machining (ECM) of metals, the electrolyte gets polluted by heavy metal ions and compounds. This creates crucial process control problems due to variation in electrical conductivity and is an environmental threat if the solution is discharged without treatment. In this study, an economical, simple multistep treatment system based on ion-exchange was developed to remove metal ions from the polluted electrolyte. We specifically looked at the electrolytic discharge from ECM of copper pieces, which is widely used in biomedical and electronic applications. Three different ion-exchange media were used: (1) a natural zeolite, (2) a special type of adsorbent quantitative filter paper, and (3) a polymer-based synthetic cation-holder resin (Lewatit TP 207) that works well with copper ions. Optimization studies for pH and contact time showed the following: (1) by using zeolite alone, and after 2 h of mixing, 43.2% of Cu2+ could be removed; (2) by using the filter paper alone, and after three times of filtration, 90% of Cu2+ could be removed; and (3) by using Lewatit TP 207 alone, 100% of Cu2+ could be removed. While Lewatit TP 207 allowed for 100% removal of Cu2+, its use alone is costly and troublesome due to constraints from service life and multistep regeneration and conditioning with strong acids and bases, respectively. The most simple and economical scheme for removal of Cu2+ and recycling the electrolyte for reuse was the three-step zeolite-filter-resin treatment system.

scholarly journals Applicability of the modified diatomite for treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 01052
Author(s):  
Dmitry Boriskov ◽  
Sanya Efremova ◽  
Nadezhda Komarova ◽  
Elena Tikhomirova ◽  
Aleksey Bodrov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wastewater Purification ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Modified Sorbents

The paper studies various modifications of diatomite, aiming at creating sorbents for wastewater purification from heavy metal ions. Diatomite of the Akhmatovskoe deposit of the Penza region was considered as a raw material. The processes of physical and chemical modification of diatomite were investigated. Adsorption isotherms were constructed, quantitative characteristics of adsorption of copper ions on the surface of modified sorbents were obtained. A chemical modification (acidic and alkaline) is proposed, which results in an increased adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions. The applicability of diatomite for the purification of highly concentrated wastewater containing heavy metals is shown.

scholarly journals Examples in the detection of heavy metal ions based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy

Nanophotonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangda Xu ◽  
Peng Song ◽  
Lixin Xia
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman ◽  
Enhanced Raman Scattering

Abstract Heavy metals have been widely applied in industry, agriculture, and other fields because of their outstanding physics and chemistry properties. However, heavy metal pollution is inevitable in the process of mass production and emission. Heavy metal ions will cause irreversible harm to the human body and other organisms due to their nondegradable nature even at low concentrations of exposure and ingestion. Therefore, it is of great significance for human health and ecological environment to develop high accuracy and sensitivity as well as stable techniques for detecting heavy metal ions. In recent years, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy has been regarded as a promising new technique for the determination of trace heavy metal ions on account of its special fingerprint identification capability, high sensitivity, rapid detection ability, and simple operation. This review summarized in detail the basic principles and strategies for detecting mercury ions, copper ions, arsenic ions, zinc ions, cadmium ions, lead ions, and chromium (VI) ions as well as the current challenges and future trends for the determination of heavy metal ions based on SERS technology.

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