scholarly journals Metasurface Photodetectors

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1584
Author(s):  
Jinzhao Li ◽  
Junyu Li ◽  
Shudao Zhou ◽  
Fei Yi
Keyword(s):  
Polarization State ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Subwavelength Structures ◽  
Electromagnetic Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Matter Interaction ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Light Matter Interaction ◽  
Detection Schemes

Photodetectors are the essential building blocks of a wide range of optical systems. Typical photodetectors only convert the intensity of light electrical output signals, leaving other electromagnetic parameters, such as the frequencies, phases, and polarization states unresolved. Metasurfaces are arrays of subwavelength structures that can manipulate the amplitude, phase, frequency, and polarization state of light. When combined with photodetectors, metasurfaces can enhance the light-matter interaction at the pixel level and also enable the detector pixels to resolve more electromagnetic parameters. In this paper, we review recent research efforts in merging metasurfaces with photodetectors towards improved detection performances and advanced detection schemes. The impacts of merging metasurfaces with photodetectors, on the architecture of optical systems, and potential applications are also discussed.

scholarly journals A Structurally Variable Hinged Tetrahedron Framework from DNA Origami

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Smith ◽  
Verena Schüller ◽  
Carsten Forthmann ◽  
Robert Schreiber ◽  
Philip Tinnefeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Dna Origami ◽  
Microscopy Technique ◽  
Wire Frame ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Linker Molecules

Nanometer-sized polyhedral wire-frame objects hold a wide range of potential applications both as structural scaffolds as well as a basis for synthetic nanocontainers. The utilization of DNA as basic building blocks for such structures allows the exploitation of bottom-up self-assembly in order to achieve molecular programmability through the pairing of complementary bases. In this work, we report on a hollow but rigid tetrahedron framework of 75 nm strut length constructed with the DNA origami method. Flexible hinges at each of their four joints provide a means for structural variability of the object. Through the opening of gaps along the struts, four variants can be created as confirmed by both gel electrophoresis and direct imaging techniques. The intrinsic site addressability provided by this technique allows the unique targeted attachment of dye and/or linker molecules at any point on the structure's surface, which we prove through the superresolution fluorescence microscopy technique DNA PAINT.

scholarly journals Sensing Enhancement of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency Effect in Terahertz Metamaterial by Substrate Etching

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingling Lin ◽  
Yi Huang ◽  
Shuncong Zhong ◽  
Manting Luo ◽  
Yujie Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electromagnetically Induced Transparency ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Strong Light ◽  
Refractive Index Sensing ◽  
Quadrupole Resonance ◽  
Matter Interaction ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Light Matter Interaction ◽  
Induced Transparency

A broad range of terahertz (THz) metamaterials have been developed for refractive index sensing. However, most of these metamaterials barely make sufficient use of the excited electric field which is crucial to achieve high sensitivity. Here, we proposed a metamaterial sensor possessing electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance that is formed by the interference of dipole and quadrupole resonance. In particular, the strengthening of light-matter interaction is realized through substrate etching, leading to a remarkable improvement in sensitivity. Hence, three kinds of etching mode were presented to maximize the utilization of the electric field, and the corresponding highest sensitivity is enhanced by up to ~2.2-fold, from 0.260 to 0.826 THz/RIU. The proposed idea to etch substrate with a strong light-matter interaction can be extended to other metamaterial sensors and possesses potential applications in integrating metamaterial and microfluid for biosensing.

Measurement of the polarization state of light using an integrated plasmonic polarimeter

Nanophotonics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Afshinmanesh ◽  
Justin S. White ◽  
Wenshan Cai ◽  
Mark L. Brongersma
Keyword(s):  
Polarization State ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Optical Components ◽  
Plasmonic Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
State Of Polarization ◽  
Polarimetric Imaging ◽  
Complete State ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractPlasmonics has started to facilitate the replacement of bulky optical components in optical systems by compact nanometallic elements that perform the same function. This allows for a natural and very dense integration with electronic devices. In this vein, we present a silicon (Si) photodetector integrated with a set of plasmonic structures that can be used as either a broadband linear-Stokes polarimeter or a narrowband full-Stokes polarimeter capable of determining the complete state of polarization of a light beam. At a probe-wavelength of 830 nm, our experimental results show contrast ratios of 25 and 1.13 for orthogonal linear and circular states of polarization, in good agreement with simulations. The resulting device is lightweight, orders of magnitude smaller than conventional polarimeters, and mechanically robust. For these reasons, there promises to be a wide range of applications including polarimetric imaging and sensing.

scholarly journals α-Cyclodextrin-Based Polypseudorotaxane Hydrogels

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Domiński ◽  
Tomasz Konieczny ◽  
Piotr Kurcok
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Noncovalent Bonds ◽  
Significant Attention

Supramolecular hydrogels that are based on inclusion complexes between α-cyclodextrin and (co)polymers have gained significant attention over the last decade. They are formed via dynamic noncovalent bonds, such as host–guest interactions and hydrogen bonds, between various building blocks. In contrast to typical chemical crosslinking (covalent linkages), supramolecular crosslinking is a type of physical interaction that is characterized by great flexibility and it can be used with ease to create a variety of “smart” hydrogels. Supramolecular hydrogels based on the self-assembly of polypseudorotaxanes formed by a polymer chain “guest” and α-cyclodextrin “host” are promising materials for a wide range of applications. α-cyclodextrin-based polypseudorotaxane hydrogels are an attractive platform for engineering novel functional materials due to their excellent biocompatibility, thixotropic nature, and reversible and stimuli-responsiveness properties. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current progress in the chemistry and methods of designing and creating α-cyclodextrin-based supramolecular polypseudorotaxane hydrogels. In the described systems, the guests are (co)polymer chains with various architectures or polymeric nanoparticles. The potential applications of such supramolecular hydrogels are also described.

Investigations on Plasmonic Modes of Noble Metal Nano-Disks Using High-Resolution Cathodoluminescence Imaging Spectroscopy

2011 ◽  
Vol 1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar ◽  
Kin Hung Fung ◽  
Nicholas X. Fang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Size Dependence ◽  
Imaging Spectroscopy ◽  
Monochromatic Imaging ◽  
Matter Interaction ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Light Matter Interaction ◽  
Imaging And Spectroscopy ◽  
Cathodoluminescence Imaging

ABSTRACTIn this work, we report investigations on plasmonic nano-disks using cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging and spectroscopy. 50 nm thick gold disks fabricated using electron beam lithography were studied and several modes were identified. Detailed analysis of the modes using monochromatic imaging and CL spectra showed strong size dependence. Our investigations on these plasmonic nano-disks allow understanding of light-matter interaction at nanoscale, with several potential applications including next generation plasmonic nano-lasers.

Optical Fibers in Integrated Molecular Sensor Systems – More Than Interconnects

2012 ◽  
Vol 1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Yang ◽  
Claire Gu
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Sensor Systems ◽  
Integrated Sensor ◽  
Molecular Sensors ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Enhanced Raman Scattering

ABSTRACTOptical fibers have been successfully used in long-haul communication, endoscopy, and other optical systems to transmit optical power as well as information from one point to another, serving as interconnects at various scales. In integrated sensor systems, optical fibers have been frequently employed to connect the source and the detector, due to their flexibility, compactness, and low loss. However, optical fibers can provide more functions than a simple transmission channel. In this paper, we review our work on optical fibers as a platform for molecular sensors based on Raman spectroscopy (RS) and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The fibers serve to significantly increase the sensitivity of RS/SERS and to facilitate the integration of a compact sensor system. We will discuss the principles of operation of various building blocks, demonstrate our recent results, and highlight some potential applications.

scholarly journals Resonant diffraction gratings with polarization-dependent efficiencies

2020 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 05002
Author(s):  
Julian Wüster ◽  
Patrick Feßer ◽  
Arne Behrens ◽  
Stefan Sinzinger
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Subwavelength Structures ◽  
Diffractive Optical Elements ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Additional Degree ◽  
Subwavelength Grating ◽  
Wide Range

Subwavelength-structures with different fill factors in the lateral dimensions result in unique phase shifts for the different polarization states of transmitted light. By using this additional degree of freedom for diffractive optical elements, we yield additional functionalities for compact optical systems with DOEs. As a fully operable example we present a binary subwavelength-grating which acts as a polarizing beamsplitter for TE- and TM-polarization over a wide range of incidence angles. We show our design approach, the manufacturing process with Soft-UV-Nanoimprint-Technology, as well as experimental results. We will also lay out possibilities for the design and application of multilevel polarization-functionalized gratings.

scholarly journals Macroscopic QED for quantum nanophotonics: emitter-centered modes as a minimal basis for multiemitter problems

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 477-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Feist ◽  
Antonio I. Fernández-Domínguez ◽  
Francisco J. García-Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Electrodynamics ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Minimal Basis ◽  
Macroscopic Quantum ◽  
Matter Interaction ◽  
Light Matter Interaction ◽  
Optical Phenomena ◽  
Nanophotonic Structures ◽  
Quantum Optical ◽  
Field Quantization

AbstractWe present an overview of the framework of macroscopic quantum electrodynamics from a quantum nanophotonics perspective. Particularly, we focus our attention on three aspects of the theory that are crucial for the description of quantum optical phenomena in nanophotonic structures. First, we review the light–matter interaction Hamiltonian itself, with special emphasis on its gauge independence and the minimal and multipolar coupling schemes. Second, we discuss the treatment of the external pumping of quantum optical systems by classical electromagnetic fields. Third, we introduce an exact, complete, and minimal basis for the field quantization in multiemitter configurations, which is based on the so-called emitter-centered modes. Finally, we illustrate this quantization approach in a particular hybrid metallodielectric geometry: two quantum emitters placed in the vicinity of a dimer of Ag nanospheres embedded in a SiN microdisk.

scholarly journals Experimental evidence of charged domain walls in lead-free ferroelectric ceramics: light-driven nanodomain switching

Nanoscale ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 705-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Rubio-Marcos ◽  
Adolfo Del Campo ◽  
Rocío E. Rojas-Hernandez ◽  
Mariola O. Ramírez ◽  
Rodrigo Parra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domain Wall ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Domain Walls ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Ferroelectric Ceramics ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Emergent Phenomena ◽  
Matter Interaction ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Light Matter Interaction

Emergent phenomena driven by light–matter interaction may have potential applications in next-generation domain wall nanoelectronics utilizing polycrystalline ferroelectrics.

scholarly journals Lignin as an Active Biomaterial: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nissa Nurfajrin Solihat ◽  
Fahriya Puspita Sari ◽  
Faizatul Falah ◽  
Maya Ismayati ◽  
Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Active Packaging ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Modified Lignin ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industries ◽  
By Products

Lignin is the second most naturally abundant biopolymer in the cell wall of lignocellulosic compound (15-35%) after cellulose.Lignin can be generated in massive amounts as by-products in biorefineries and pulp and paper industries through differing processes. Most lignin is utilized as generating energy and has always been treated as waste. Due to the high amount of phenolic compounds in lignin, it is considered as a potential material for various polymers, building blocks, and biomaterials production. Even though lignin can be utilized in the form of isolated lignin directly, the modification of lignin can increase the wide range of lignin applications. Lignin-based copolymers and modified lignin show better miscibility with another polymeric matrix, outstanding to the enhanced performance of such lignin-based polymer composites.This article summarizes the properly updated information of lignin’s potential applications, such as bio-surfactant, active packaging, antimicrobial agent, and supercapacitor.Keywords: active packaging, antimicrobial agent, bio-surfactant, lignin, supercapacitor

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