scholarly journals Quantifying Plant-Borne Carbon Assimilation by Root-Associating Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spenser Waller ◽  
Stacy L. Wilder ◽  
Michael J. Schueller ◽  
Alexandra B. Housh ◽  
Richard A. Ferrieri
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Fluorescence Measurement ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
The One ◽  
Green Fluorescent

Herbaspirillum seropedicae is a rhizobacteria that occupies a specialized ecological niche in agriculture. As an endophyte and prolific grass root colonizer it has the potential to promote plant growth, enhancing crop yield in many cereal crops. While the mechanisms for plant growth promotion are controversial, the one irrefutable fact is these microorganisms rely heavily on plant-borne carbon as their main energy source in support of their biological functions. Unfortunately, the tools and technology enabling researchers to trace carbon exchange between plants and the microorganisms associating with them has been limiting. Here, we demonstrate that radioactive 11CO2 administered to intact maize leaves with translocation of 11C-photosynthates to roots can provide a ‘traceable’ source of carbon whose assimilation by microbial organisms can be quantified with enormous sensitivity. Fluorescence root imaging of RAM10, a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporting strain of H. seropedicae, was used to identify regions of high microbial colonization. Microbes were mechanically removed from these regions via sonication in saline solution and extracts were subjected to fluorescence measurement and gamma counting to correlate carbon-11 atoms with numbers of colony forming units. The method has potential to translate to other microorganisms provided they possess an optical reporting trait.

Biological nitrogen fixation and plant growth promotion of lodgepole pine by an endophytic diazotroph Paenibacillus polymyxa and its GFP-tagged derivative

Botany ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Tang ◽  
Akshit Puri ◽  
Kiran Preet Padda ◽  
Chris P. Chanway
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Paenibacillus Polymyxa ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Paenibacillus polymyxa P2b-2R is an endophytic diazotroph originally isolated from lodgepole pine. It is reported to fix significant amounts of nitrogen (N) and promote plant growth. To evaluate the endophytic colonization sites, a green fluorescent protein (GFP) derivative of P2b-2R was generated (P2b–2Rgfp), but the effects of GFP modification on the functioning of P2b-2R have not been fully elucidated yet. In this study, we wanted to confirm and contrast the N-fixing and plant-growth-promoting abilities of P2b-2Rgfp with those of the wild-type P2b-2R in lodgepole pine. Pine seedlings were grown in an N-limited environment and harvested 2, 4, 8, and 12 months after inoculation to evaluate the endophytic and rhizospheric colonization by both strains, the amount of N-fixed, and seedling growth enhancement. Both P2b-2R and P2b-2Rgfp strains formed persistent rhizospheric and endophytic populations; fixed N; and enhanced seedling growth continuously after 4 months. P2b-2Rgfp-treated seedlings outperformed the P2b-2R-treated seedlings in terms of biomass only during the initial stages of plant development, but the differences decreased during the trial and were not significant towards the end. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that reports the effects of GFP-tagging of an endophyte when inoculated into a gymnosperm tree species.

Structural Evidence of Photoisomerization Pathways in Fluorescent Proteins

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Chang ◽  
Matthew Romei ◽  
Steven Boxer
Keyword(s):  
Rational Design ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Unit Cell Size ◽  
Chlorine Substituent ◽  
Gfp Chromophore ◽  
The One ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Super Resolution Microscopy

<p>Double-bond photoisomerization in molecules such as the green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophore can occur either via a volume-demanding one-bond-flip pathway or via a volume-conserving hula-twist pathway. Understanding the factors that determine the pathway of photoisomerization would inform the rational design of photoswitchable GFPs as improved tools for super-resolution microscopy. In this communication, we reveal the photoisomerization pathway of a photoswitchable GFP, rsEGFP2, by solving crystal structures of <i>cis</i> and <i>trans</i> rsEGFP2 containing a monochlorinated chromophore. The position of the chlorine substituent in the <i>trans</i> state breaks the symmetry of the phenolate ring of the chromophore and allows us to distinguish the two pathways. Surprisingly, we find that the pathway depends on the arrangement of protein monomers within the crystal lattice: in a looser packing, the one-bond-flip occurs, whereas in a tighter packing (7% smaller unit cell size), the hula-twist occurs.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p> <p> </p>

scholarly journals Isolation and selection of plant growth-promoting bacteria associated with sugarcane

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariana Alves Rodrigues ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Forzani ◽  
Renan de Souza Soares ◽  
Sergio Tadeu Sibov ◽  
José Daniel Gonçalves Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizers ◽  
Chitinase A ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Promoting

ABSTRACT Microorganisms play a vital role in maintaining soil fertility and plant health. They can act as biofertilizers and increase the resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. This study aimed at isolating and characterizing plant growth-promoting bacteria associated with sugarcane, as well as assessing their ability to promote plant growth. Endophytic bacteria from leaf, stem, root and rhizosphere were isolated from the RB 867515 commercial sugarcane variety and screened for indole acetic acid (IAA) production, ability to solubilize phosphate, fix nitrogen and produce hydrogen cyanide (HCN), ammonia and the enzymes pectinase, cellulase and chitinase. A total of 136 bacteria were isolated, with 83 of them presenting some plant growth mechanism: 47 % phosphate solubilizers, 26 % nitrogen fixers and 57 % producing IAA, 0.7 % HCN and chitinase, 45 % ammonia, 30 % cellulose and 8 % pectinase. The seven best isolates were tested for their ability to promote plant growth in maize. The isolates tested for plant growth promotion belong to the Enterobacteriaceae family and the Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Pantoea genera. Five isolates promoted plant growth in greenhouse experiments, showing potential as biofertilizers.

IAA-producing rhizobacteria from chickpea (Cicer arietinumL.) induce changes in root architecture and increase root biomass

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 639-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Alicia Fierro-Coronado ◽  
Francisco Roberto Quiroz-Figueroa ◽  
Luz María García-Pérez ◽  
Enrique Ramírez-Chávez ◽  
Jorge Molina-Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Luria Bertani ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Green Fluorescent

Rhizobacteria promote and have beneficial effects on plant growth, making them useful to agriculture. Nevertheless, the rhizosphere of the chickpea plant has not been extensively examined. The aim of the present study was to select indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) producing rhizobacteria from the rhizosphere of chickpea plants for their potential use as biofertilizers. After obtaining a collection of 864 bacterial isolates, we performed a screen using the Salkowski reaction for the presence of auxin compounds (such as IAA) in bacterial Luria–Bertani supernatant (BLBS). Our results demonstrate that the Salkowski reaction has a greater specificity for detecting IAA than other tested auxins. Ten bacterial isolates displaying a wide range of auxin accumulation were selected, producing IAA levels of 5 to 90 μmol/L (according to the Salkowski reaction). Bacterial isolates were identified on the basis of 16S rDNA partial sequences: 9 isolates belonged to Enterobacter, and 1 isolate was classified as Serratia. The effect of BLBS on root morphology was evaluated in Arabidopsis thaliana. IAA production by rhizobacteria was confirmed by means of a DR5::GFP construct that is responsive to IAA, and also by HPLC–GC/MS. Finally, we observed that IAA secreted by rhizobacteria (i) modified the root architecture of A. thaliana, (ii) caused an increase in chickpea root biomass, and (iii) activated the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene driven by the DR5 promoter. These findings provide evidence that these novel bacterial isolates may be considered as putative plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria modifying root architecture and increasing root biomass.

scholarly journals Effects of plant growth regulators on transient expression of foreign gene in Nicotiana benthamiana L. leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
Min Sun ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Yue-Jing Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Wei Da ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Green Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Transient Expression ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Green Fluorescent

Abstract Background In the last decades, replicating expression vectors based on plant geminivirus have been widely used for enhancing the efficiency of plant transient expression. By using the replicating expression vector derived from bean yellow dwarf virus and green fluorescent protein as a reporter, we investigated the effects of α-naphthalene acetic acid, gibberellins3, and 6-benzyladenine, as three common plant growth regulators, on the plant biomass and efficiency of transient expression during the process of transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana L. leaves. Results With the increase of the concentration of α-naphthalene acetic acid, gibberellins3, and 6-benzyladenine (from 0.1 to 1.6 mg/L), the fresh weight, dry weight, and leaf area of the seedlings increased first and then returned to the levels similar to the controls (without chemical treatment). The treatment with α-naphthalene acetic acid at 0.2 and 0.4 mg/L can enhance the level of transient expression of green fluorescent protein, which peaked at 0.4 mg/L α-naphthalene acetic acid and was increased about by 19%, compared to the controls. Gibberellins3 at 0.1–0.4 mg/L can enhance the level of transient expression of green fluorescent protein, which peaked at 0.2 mg/L gibberellins3 and was increased by 25%. However, the application of 6-benzyladenine led to decrease in the level of transient expression of green fluorescent protein. Conclusions The appropriate plant growth regulators at moderate concentration could be beneficial to the expression of foreign genes from the Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression system in plants. Thus, appropriate plant growth regulators could be considered as exogenous components that are applied for the production of recombinant protein by plant-based transient expression systems.

scholarly journals Bacterial Formulations in Induction of Resistance and Growth Promotion of Tomato Plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 493
Author(s):  
José R. M. Campos Neto ◽  
Rafael Ribeiro Chaves ◽  
Diogo Herison Silva Sardinha ◽  
Luiz Gustavo de Lima Melo ◽  
Antônia Alice Costa Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Induction Of Resistance

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of seed treatment with fresh suspensions and powder formulations with Bacillus methylotrophicus to promote plant growth and induction of resistance against fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici) in tomato plants under greenhouse conditions, verifying the occurrence of morphological and biochemical changes in the evaluated plants. Powder formulations based on Cassava (Manihot esculenta), Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) and sodium alginate containing Bacillus, in addition to the commercial product Quartz&reg;, were used to microbiolize the tomato seeds of the cultivar Santa Cruz. The formulations promoted plant growth, with a seedling vigor index greater than 50% for all treatments containing B. mthylotrophicus, in addition to a significant increase in total dry matter. The treatments induced systemic resistance, controlling the fusarium wilt with a 75% reduction of the disease and activation of enzymes such as peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase, only &beta;-1,3-glucanase presented less activity than controls (treatments without B. mthylotrophicus). Thus, the use of formulations containing Bacillus are efficient in promoting plant growth of tomato plants and in inducing resistance to the control of fusarium wilt.

scholarly journals Effects of Talaromyces purpureogenus on Cucumber Growth Promotion and Its Mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao L ◽  
◽  
Zhao W ◽  
Deng H ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Iaa Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Promoting

Some fungi may promote plant growth by production of siderophores, Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) and phosphorus dissolving capability. In this study, eight fungi were isolated from the mushroom substrate, and their siderophores production, IAA production and phosphorus dissolving traits were determined. Although there was no significant difference in IAA production among the eight fungi, but the strain M13026-2 was a fungus with strong growth promoting traits compared with other seven fungi. In order to study the correlation between the growth promoting effect of cucumber pot culture and the above three traits, five fungi with different strength of traits were tested in pot. As a result, M13026- 2 which was identified as Talaromyces purpureogenus could significantly improve the growth parameters of cucumber seedlings, and could colonize in the rhizosphere soil and the tissue of cucumber stably. All the results suggested that the most relevant to their ability to promote plant growth is the trait of phosphorus dissolving, followed by siderophores production. The results of this study will provide scientific basis for the efficient selection and identification of a large number of fungi resources with the function of promoting plant growth, and reveal the good application potential of T. purpureogenus in agriculture fields.

scholarly journals Plant Growth Promoting Abilities of Novel Burkholderia-Related Genera and Their Interactions With Some Economically Important Tree Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munusamy Madhaiyan ◽  
Govindan Selvakumar ◽  
Tan HianHwee Alex ◽  
Lin Cai ◽  
Lianghui Ji
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Acc Deaminase ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Pgp Traits ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Promote Plant Growth

A survey of bacterial endophytes associated with the leaves of oil palm and acacias resulted in the isolation of 19 bacterial strains belonging to the genera Paraburkholderia, Caballeronia, and Chitinasiproducens, which are now regarded as distinctively different from the parent genus Burkholderia. Most strains possessed one or more plant growth promotion (PGP) traits although nitrogenase activity was present in only a subset of the isolates. The diazotrophic Paraburkholderia tropica strain S39-2 with multiple PGP traits and the non-diazotrophic Chitinasiproducens palmae strain JS23T with a significant level of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity were selected to investigate the influence of bacterial inoculation on some economically important tree species. Microscopic examination revealed that P. tropica S39-2 was rhizospheric as well as endophytic while C. palmae JS23T was endophytic. P. tropica strain S39-2 significantly promoted the growth of oil palm, eucalyptus, and Jatropha curcas. Interestingly, the non-diazotrophic, non-auxin producing C. palmae JS23T strain also significantly promoted the growth of oil palm and eucalyptus although it showed negligible effect on J. curcas. Our results suggest that strains belonging to the novel Burkholderia-related genera widely promote plant growth via both N-independent and N-dependent mechanisms. Our results also suggest that the induction of defense response may prevent the colonization of an endophyte in plants.

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