scholarly journals Lifestyle, Lineage, and Geographical Origin Influence Temperature-Dependent Phenotypic Variation across Yeast Strains during Wine Fermentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1367
Author(s):  
Rebecca C. Deed ◽  
Lisa I. Pilkington
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
West African ◽  
Yeast Fermentation ◽  
Genetic Lineage ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Fermentation Performance ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Different Temperatures

Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts are a diverse group of single-celled eukaryotes with tremendous phenotypic variation in fermentation efficiency, particularly at different temperatures. Yeast can be categorized into subsets based on lifestyle (Clinical, Fermentation, Laboratory, and Wild), genetic lineage (Malaysian, Mosaic, North American, Sake, West African, and Wine), and geographical origin (Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania) to start to understand their ecology; however, little is known regarding the extent to which these groupings drive S. cerevisiae fermentative ability in grape juice at different fermentation temperatures. To investigate the response of yeast within the different subsets, we quantified fermentation performance in grape juice by measuring the lag time, maximal fermentation rate (Vmax), and fermentation finishing efficiency of 34 genetically diverse S. cerevisiae strains in grape juice at five environmentally and industrially relevant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C). Extensive multivariate analysis was applied to determine the effects of lifestyle, lineage, geographical origin, strain, and temperature on yeast fermentation phenotypes. We show that fermentation capability is inherent to S. cerevisiae and that all factors are important in shaping strain fermentative ability, with temperature having the greatest impact, and geographical origin playing a lesser role than lifestyle or genetic lineage.

scholarly journals Analysis of fermentative parameters and the importance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the development of goods and services

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e93691110586
Author(s):  
Margareth Batistote ◽  
Maria do Socorro Mascarenhas Santos
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Yeast Fermentation ◽  
Industrial Yeast ◽  
Fermentation Performance ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Biotechnological Processes ◽  
Growing Conditions

In the fermentation process, yeasts need to adapt to the environmental changes that occur during the production process. Responses to these adjustments can alter biochemical routes and the amount of metabolites produced. Thus, the objective was to analyze the fermentative parameters of industrial yeast strains in different growing conditions, as well as to evaluate the its applicability in different sectors of goods and services. A pre-inoculum was performed with the YPSAC 5% medium for the activation of the yeasts Catanduva-1 and Fleischmann that remained incubated for 24 hours at 30 °C at 250 rpm. After the cells were recovered by centrifugation and inoculated in the fermentation medium based on sugarcane juice at 15 °Brix at temperatures of 30 and 40 °C. Aliquots were removed for the analysis of the fermentative parameters. Concomitantly, a survey was carried out regarding the use of yeasts in the process of preparing goods and services. The data show that the best yeast fermentation performance occurred at 30 °C in 10 hours. In addition, yeasts have the ability to produce, under ideal conditions, metabolites that can be used in different biotechnological processes.

Authenticity of speciality sugars – Determination of carbohydrate source and geographical origin of invert sugar syrup and burnt sugar syrup

2017 ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Andreas G. Degenhardt ◽  
Elke Jansen ◽  
Timo, J. Koch
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
C4 Plants ◽  
Yeast Fermentation ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Sugar Syrup

Modern instrumental analytical methods for the determination of 13C/12C ratios are established to differentiate between metabolic products of C3 and C4 plants. Differentiation and identification of sucrose from pure beet (Beta vulgaris) and pure cane (Saccharum officinarum) are possible without doubt. Influenced by the worldwide hydrological cycle the determination of the isotope ratios of 2H/1H and 18O/16O as well as their variations provide information about geographical origin. Using samples of selected crystal cane sugar (CCS) with known origin, invert sugar syrups (ISS) as well as burnt sugar syrups (BSS) produced therefrom, the authenticity was determined. The speciality sugars ISS and BSS which were made from CCS could be identified as carbohydrates of C4 plants by using 13C/12C Isotope-Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS). In combination with yeast fermentation of ISS and sugar separation from BSS and fermentation into ethanol as well as knowledge about production water, the C2-H/O isotope ratios of ethanol can theoretically determine the geographical origin of the sugars.

scholarly journals Towards a better understanding of the dynamics of Aphis spiraecola Patch (Homoptera: Aphididae) populations in commercial alpine yarrow fields

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulfaidah Penata Gama ◽  
Pablo Morlacchi ◽  
Giuseppe Carlo Lozzia ◽  
Johann Baumgärtner ◽  
Anna Giorgi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Distributed Delay ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Optimum Sample Size ◽  
Aphis Spiraecola ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
Age Structured ◽  
Optimum Sample

The spatial distribution of Aphis spiraecola Patch was studied in two commercial yarrow fields located in the Swiss and Italian Alps and represented by Taylor’s (1961) power law. The respective parameters indicate a highly aggregated distribution and lead to a high optimum sample size of 400-500 plants in the design of a sampling program. Opportunities for reducing the sampling efforts are discussed. The infestation patterns were studied on the basis of Vansickle’s (1977) time varying distributed delay adequate for modelling the dynamics of age-structured populations. Published literature data were used to parametrize the functions representing the temperature-dependent duration and survival of the nymphal and adult stage. Likewise, literature data were available to obtain reliable estimates for the parameters of the fecundity function comprising the reproductive profile and the number of nymphs produced at different temperatures. The field data were used to parametrize the functions for wing formation and a compound mortality compromising the effects of plant senescence, stem cutting and natural enemies. The model satisfactorily represented the observed infestation patterns. However, there are opportunities for improving parameter estimation and validation. Moreover, the separation of the compound mortality into host plant and natural enemy effects would improve the mechanistic basis of the model and lead towards a tool that could be used to study bottom-up and top-down effects in the yarrow-aphid-natural enemy system.

scholarly journals Effect of Sintering Temperature on Metal-Insulator Phase Transition in La1-xCaxMnO3 Perovskites

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Arunachalam M ◽  
Thamilmaran P ◽  
Sakthipandi K
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Bulk Modulus ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Magnetic Sensors ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Metal Insulator ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Insulator Phase Transition

Lanthanum calcium based perovskites are found to be advantageous for the possible applications in magnetic sensors/reading heads, cathodes in solid oxide fuel cells, and frequency switching devices. In the present investigation La0.3Ca0.7MnO3 perovskites were synthesised through solid state reaction and sintered at four different temperatures such as 900, 1000, 1100 and 1200˚ C. X-ray powder diffraction pattern confirms that the prepared La0.3Ca0.7MnO3 perovskites have orthorhombic structure with Pnma space group. Ultrasonic in-situ measurements have been carried out on the La0.3Ca0.7MnO3 perovskites over wide range of temperature and elastic constants such as bulk modulus of the prepared La0.3Ca0.7MnO3 perovskites was obtained as function of temperature. The temperature-dependent bulk modulus has shown an interesting anomaly at the metal-insulator phase transition. The metal insulator transition temperature derived from temperature-dependent bulk modulus increases from temperature 352˚ C to 367˚ C with the increase of sintering temperature from 900 to 1200˚ C.

scholarly journals Importance of Proteasome Gene Expression during Model Dough Fermentation after Preservation of Baker's Yeast Cells by Freezing

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Watanabe ◽  
Hiroshi Sekiguchi ◽  
Yukiko Sugimoto ◽  
Atsushi Nagasawa ◽  
Naotaka Kida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Transcriptional Activator ◽  
Proteasomal Degradation ◽  
Baker’S Yeast ◽  
Baker's Yeast ◽  
Fermentation Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Ubiquitinated Proteins ◽  
Yeast Strains

ABSTRACT Freeze-thaw stress causes various types of cellular damage, survival and/or proliferation defects, and metabolic alterations. However, the mechanisms underlying how cells cope with freeze-thaw stress are poorly understood. Here, model dough fermentations using two baker's yeast strains, 45 and YF, of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were compared after 2 weeks of cell preservation in a refrigerator or freezer. YF exhibited slow fermentation after exposure to freeze-thaw stress due to low cell viability. A DNA microarray analysis of the YF cells during fermentation revealed that the genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation were relatively strongly expressed, suggesting a decrease in the glycolytic capacity. Furthermore, we found that mRNA levels of the genes that encode the components of the proteasome complex were commonly low, and ubiquitinated proteins were accumulated by freeze-thaw stress in the YF strain. In the cells with a laboratory strain background, treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 or the deletion of each transcriptional activator gene for the proteasome genes ( RPN4 , PDR1 , or PDR3 ) led to marked impairment of model dough fermentation using the frozen cells. Based on these data, proteasomal degradation of freeze-thaw-damaged proteins may guarantee high cell viability and fermentation performance. We also found that the freeze-thaw stress-sensitive YF strain was heterozygous at the PDR3 locus, and one of the alleles (A148T/A229V/H336R/L541P) was shown to possess a dominant negative phenotype of slow fermentation. Removal of such responsible mutations could improve the freeze-thaw stress tolerance and the fermentation performance of baker's yeast strains, as well as other industrial S. cerevisiae strains. IMPORTANCE The development of freezing technology has enabled the long-term preservation and long-distance transport of foods and other agricultural products. Fresh yeast, however, is usually not frozen because the fermentation performance and/or the viability of individual cells is severely affected after thawing. Here, we demonstrate that proteasomal degradation of ubiquitinated proteins is an essential process in the freeze-thaw stress responses of S. cerevisiae . Upstream transcriptional activator genes for the proteasome components are responsible for the fermentation performance after freezing preservation. Thus, this study provides a potential linkage between freeze-thaw stress inputs and the transcriptional regulatory network that might be functionally conserved in higher eukaryotes. Elucidation of the molecular targets of freeze-thaw stress will contribute to advances in cryobiology, such as freezing preservation of human cells, tissues, and embryos for medical purposes and breeding of industrial microorganisms and agricultural crops that adapt well to low temperatures.

Study Of Al Surface Segregation In Icosahedral A162Cu25.5Fe12.5

1998 ◽  
Vol 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. GIL-GAVATZ ◽  
D. Rouxel ◽  
P. Pigeat ◽  
B. Weber ◽  
J.-M. Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Surface Segregation ◽  
Vacuum Chamber ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
Electron Spectrometer ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
High Vacuum Chamber

AbstractSurface segregation of aluminium was observed during oxidation experiments of icosahedral A162Cu25.5 Fel12.5, performed in-situ and at different temperatures in the ultra-high vacuum chamber of a scanning Auger electron spectrometer. Two regimes, below and above 770K, were observed in relation with severe segregation of Al atoms at the surface for T > 770K. We postulate that this temperature dependent segregation rate is representative of the aluminium transport towards the surface of the quasicrystal. By analogy with classical diffusion experiments, we can thus determine reasonable estimates of the activation energy for Al self-diffusion in this quasicrystal. The results are consistent with the existence of phason flips below 770K and thermal vacancies above this temperature.

scholarly journals Role of Arabidopsis Splicing factor SF1 in Temperature-Responsive Alternative Splicing of FLM pre-mRNA

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keh Chien Lee ◽  
Kyung Sook Chung ◽  
Hee Tae Lee ◽  
Jae-Hyeok Park ◽  
Jeong Hwan Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Splicing Factor ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Temperature Responsive ◽  
Different Temperatures

Small changes in temperature affect plant ecological and physiological factors that impact agricultural production. Hence, understanding how temperature affects flowering is crucial for decreasing the effects of climate change on crop yields. Recent reports have shown that FLM-β, the major spliced isoform of FLOWERING LOCUS M (FLM)—a flowering time gene, contributes to temperature-responsive flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the molecular mechanism linking pre-mRNA processing and temperature-responsive flowering is not well understood. Genetic and molecular analyses identified the role of an Arabidopsis splicing factor SF1 homolog, AtSF1, in regulating temperature-responsive flowering. The loss-of-function AtSF1 mutant shows temperature insensitivity at different temperatures and very low levels of FLM-β transcript, but a significantly increased transcript level of the alternative splicing (AS) isoform, FLM-δ. An RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay revealed that AtSF1 is responsible for ambient temperature-dependent AS of FLM pre-mRNA, resulting in the temperature-dependent production of functional FLM-β transcripts. Moreover, alterations in other splicing factors such as ABA HYPERSENSITIVE1/CBP80 (ABH1/CBP80) and STABILIZED1 (STA1) did not impact the FLM-β/FLM-δ ratio at different temperatures. Taken together, our data suggest that a temperature-dependent interaction between AtSF1 and FLM pre-mRNA controls flowering time in response to temperature fluctuations.

scholarly journals Influence of urea on methyl $$\upbeta$$-D-glucopyranoside in alkali at different temperatures

Cellulose ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 9413-9422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gunnarsson ◽  
Merima Hasani ◽  
Diana Bernin
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Regenerated Cellulose ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Hydroxymethyl Group ◽  
Overhauser Effect ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Acting Mechanism ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Dissolution Efficiency

Abstract The dissolution efficiency plays an important role on the properties of regenerated cellulose-based products. Urea is known to be one of the additives aiding to improve cellulose dissolution in the NaOH(aq) system. The acting mechanism caused by urea has been debated and one of the hypothesis is that urea could induce a conformational change on cellulose, which promotes dissolution. Here we used NMR spectroscopy on a model system for cellulose, namely, methyl $$\upbeta$$β-D-glucopyranoside ($$\upbeta$$β-MeO-Glcp) and compared chemical shifts and J couplings, which both are indicators for conformational changes, as a function of temperature and upon the addition of urea. We found that in NaOH(aq), the hydroxymethyl group changes its conformation in favour of the population of the gt rotamer, while the presence of urea induced temperature dependent conformational changes. Heteronuclear Overhauser effect experiments showed that urea associates with cellulose but in a non-specific manner. This suggests that urea rather than binding to the carbohydrate, changes the chemical environment inducing a change in conformation of $$\upbeta$$β-MeO-Glcp and likely also for cellulose when dissolved in NaOH(aq) with urea.

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