scholarly journals Mycobacterium uberis Infection in the Subcutaneous Tissue of the Radius/Ulna Area of a Cow

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1701
Author(s):  
Lorraine Michelet ◽  
Maria Laura Boschiroli
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Position Information ◽  
Mycobacterium Lepromatosis

Mycobacterium uberis (M. uberis) is a recently described non-tuberculous mycobacterium phylogenetically close to Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) and Mycobacterium lepromatosis (M. lepromatosis). This pathogen classically causes nodular thelitis in cattle and goats. Here, we discuss what seems to be the first described case of M. uberis infection in a novel anatomical site, in the proximal or distal position (information not available) of the radius/ulna area of a cow. As this case was discovered in the framework of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) surveillance program in France, this type of infection could interfere with the screening and diagnostic tools employed for bTB.

Infections due to Mycobacterium leprae and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K Leonard Jr ◽  
Henry M Blumberg ◽  
Carlos Franco-Paredes
Keyword(s):  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Lepromatous Leprosy ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Mycobacterial Infections ◽  
Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria ◽  
Treatment Regimens

Mycobacterium leprae infection (i.e., leprosy) is a disease that has been recognized—and often misunderstood—since ancient times. The emergence of HIV/AIDS and the development of newer culture methodologies and molecular diagnostic tools have brought about increased interest in the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of human infections from nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). More than 140 species of NTM have been identified; approximately 50 of these may be pathogenic for humans, causing a broad spectrum of disease. This chapter covers both M. leprae and selected NTM organisms, including M. avium complex; M. kansasii; M. marinum; and rapidly growing mycobacteria such as M. chelonae, M. fortuitum, and M. abscessus. The section on leprosy encompasses subsections on diagnosis, clinical manifestations and classification, laboratory studies, treatment, and leprosy reactions. Treatments for nontuberculous mycobacteria infections are also covered. Figures include a natural history of leprosy, tuberculoid leprosy, lepromatous leprosy, and various forms of borderline leprosy, as well as type 1 and type 2 leprosy reaction. Tables include the Ridley-Jopling classification of leprosy, recommendations for treatment of leprosy, clinical characteristics and treatment of leprosy, major clinical syndromes associated with nontuberculous mycobacterial infections, diagnosing nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease, a listing of slow and rapidly growing mycobacteria that are human pathogens, plus treatment regimens for selected nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in adults. This review contains 59 references.

Introduction

Leprosy ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Charlotte A. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Neglected Tropical Disease ◽  
The World ◽  
Mycobacterium Lepromatosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization

This chapter introduces leprosy, an infection that is still misunderstood and considered a neglected tropical disease but declining in frequency, according to the World Health Organization. The bacteria that cause leprosy, Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis, are outlined, as well as how a relative strength of a person’s immune system determines how leprosy affects the body. Although leprosy is curable, associated stigma and disability remain common challenges for people with the disease in parts of the world. The goals and structure of the book are outlined, ten myths that still pervade society at large are listed, and the use of the word “leper” discussed. Based on World Health Organization data, the chapter also explores the frequency of leprosy today, where the infection remains a challenge, and the history of detecting and reporting evidence for leprosy in living populations. Finally, the reasons why bioarchaeologists have an interest in this infection are explored.

scholarly journals Development of a Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique for specific and early detection of Mycobacterium leprae in clinical samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nupur Garg ◽  
Upasana Sahu ◽  
Sudeshna Kar ◽  
Farhan J. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification

AbstractLeprosy, a progressive, mutilating and highly stigmatized disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae (ML), continues to prevail in the developing world. This is due to the absence of rapid, specific and sensitive diagnostic tools for its early detection since the disease gets notified only with the advent of physical scarring in patients. This study reports the development of a Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique for fast, sensitive and specific amplification of 16S rRNA gene of ML DNA for early detection of leprosy in resource-limited areas. Various parameters were optimized to obtain robust and reliable amplification of ML DNA. Blind clinical validation studies were performed which showed that this technique had complete concurrence with conventional techniques. Total absence of amplification of negative control DNA confirmed the specificity of this test. Various visual detection methods viz. colorimetric, turbidity differentiation and bridge flocculation were standardized to establish easy-to-read and rapid diagnosis. This technique eliminates the lack of accuracy and sensitivity in skin smear tests in patients and the requirement for expensive lab equipments and trained technicians. The technique holds promise for further expansion and has the potential to cater to the unmet needs of society for a cheap, highly-sensitive and robust rapid diagnosis of ML.

scholarly journals Using of Gamma Interferon γ-IFN and Multiplex PCR (m-PCR) for Detection of Bovine Tuberculosis in Dairy Herds in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-233
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Assay Sensitivity

Many diagnostic tools are essential for Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) eradication program. This study aimed to apply γ-IFN assay to detect bovine tuberculosis and multiplex PCR (m-PCR) for rapid identification of Mycobacterial isolates. A total no. of 150 cattle in 10 small farms at different Governorates in Egypt, were previously gave suspected results with comparative cervical tuberculin test (SICCT), they retested after 60 days later again with SICCT and bovine gamma-interferon (γ-IFN) immunoassay. Eighty-seven (58%) out of total 150 animals were +ve reactors by SICCT test while 80 (53.3%) animals gave +ve γ-IFN assay. The isolated M. bovis by conventional culturing and identification tests were +ve 55 (63.2%) out 87. The γ-IFN assay sensitivity and specificity gave 82.9% and 93.8% respectively. For rapid identification of different mycobacterial isolates using m-PCR two set of primers were used. The first set gave 123bp DNA PCR product expressing IS6110 insertion element for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTBC). The other one gave 500bp from RvD1Rv2031c genomic sequence definite to M. bovis. M-PCR findings were in a concordance with results of conventional culturing and identification tests with high sensitivity and specificity (100%). From this study, it is concluded that diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) used tuberculin test and γ-IFN assay with m-PCR for rapid identification M. bovis isolates in living herds.

scholarly journals Comportamiento epidemiológico de la lepra en Costa Rica, de 2012 al 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Rivera Chavarria ◽  
Azálea Espinoza Aguirre
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Mycobacterium Lepromatosis

La lepra es una patología infecciosa crónica propia del ser humano, de evolución lenta, curable, producida por Mycobacterium leprae y Mycobacterium lepromatosis, que afecta principalmente a piel y sistema nervioso periférico. Se describe algunas características epidemiológicas de la lepra en Costa Rica durante el periodo 2012-2017. Este estudio mostró una tasa de prevalencia inferior a uno por diez mil habitantes a nivel nacional. No obstante, persiste el reporte de casos nuevos en todo el país y en algunas regiones en mayor proporción que otras, lo que indica que la transmisión de la enfermedad continúa como un riesgo potencial en las familias especialmente.

scholarly journals Necrotizing erythema nodosumin lepromatous leprosy associated with mixed infection by Mycobacterium lepromatosis and Mycobacterium leprae. Case report

DEL NACIONAL ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Olga María Aldama Olmedo ◽  
Marcial Escobar ◽  
María Julia Martínez ◽  
Monserrat Aldama ◽  
Camila Montoya Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Lepromatous Leprosy ◽  
Mycobacterium Lepromatosis

scholarly journals Heart Failure in a Patient with Leprosy

2019 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 150-152
Author(s):  
Srikakulapu SriKrishna
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
The Body ◽  
First Report ◽  
Visceral Involvement ◽  
Cardiovascular Involvement ◽  
Mycobacterium Lepromatosis ◽  
Indian Male

AbstractLeprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infection caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. Though leprosy predominantly involves peripheral nerves and skin, visceral involvement was recognized as early as 1894 by Hansen and Looft. It is known that the bacilli can lie dormant in some tissues of the body long after the skin smears have become negative. We describe a case of leprosy in an Indian male who presented to us with heart failure. This is likely the first report of showing the possible association of leprosy with heart failure from India. The cardiovascular involvement in leprosy is briefly reviewed.

scholarly journals The leprosy agents Mycobacterium lepromatosis and Mycobacterium leprae in Mexico

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 952-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Y. Han ◽  
Kurt Clement Sizer ◽  
Jesús S. Velarde-Félix ◽  
Luis O. Frias-Castro ◽  
Francisco Vargas-Ocampo
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Mycobacterium Lepromatosis

scholarly journals Comparative Sequence Analysis of Mycobacterium leprae and the New Leprosy-Causing Mycobacterium lepromatosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 191 (19) ◽  
pp. 6067-6074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Y. Han ◽  
Kurt C. Sizer ◽  
Erika J. Thompson ◽  
Juma Kabanja ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Neutral Evolution ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Protein Encoding ◽  
Mycobacterium Lepromatosis ◽  
Encoding Genes

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium lepromatosis is a newly discovered leprosy-causing organism. Preliminary phylogenetic analysis of its 16S rRNA gene and a few other gene segments revealed significant divergence from Mycobacterium leprae, a well-known cause of leprosy, that justifies the status of M. lepromatosis as a new species. In this study we analyzed the sequences of 20 genes and pseudogenes (22,814 nucleotides). Overall, the level of matching of these sequences with M. leprae sequences was 90.9%, which substantiated the species-level difference; the levels of matching for the 16S rRNA genes and 14 protein-encoding genes were 98.0% and 93.1%, respectively, but the level of matching for five pseudogenes was only 79.1%. Five conserved protein-encoding genes were selected to construct phylogenetic trees and to calculate the numbers of synonymous substitutions (dS values) and nonsynonymous substitutions (dN values) in the two species. Robust phylogenetic trees constructed using concatenated alignment of these genes placed M. lepromatosis and M. leprae in a tight cluster with long terminal branches, implying that the divergence occurred long ago. The dS and dN values were also much higher than those for other closest pairs of mycobacteria. The dS values were 14 to 28% of the dS values for M. leprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a more divergent pair of species. These results thus indicate that M. lepromatosis and M. leprae diverged ∼10 million years ago. The M. lepromatosis pseudogenes analyzed that were also pseudogenes in M. leprae showed nearly neutral evolution, and their relative ages were similar to those of M. leprae pseudogenes, suggesting that they were pseudogenes before divergence. Taken together, the results described above indicate that M. lepromatosis and M. leprae diverged from a common ancestor after the massive gene inactivation event described previously for M. leprae.

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