Evaluation of the Relationship Between Rumen pH and Fecal Score in Cows with Subakut Ruminal Acidosis

Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is often caused by feeding a high-concentrate diet in intensive ruminant production. Although previous studies have shown that dietary thiamine supplementation can effectively increase rumen pH and modify rumen fermentation, the effect of thiamine supplementation on rumen carbohydrate-related microorganisms and enzymes in goats under SARA conditions remain unclear. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary thiamine supplementation on carbohydrate-associated microorganisms and enzymes in the rumen of Saanen goats fed high-concentrate diets. Nine healthy mid-lactating Saanen goats in parity 1 or 2 were randomly assigned into three treatments: A control diet (CON; concentrate:forage (30:70)), a high-concentrate diet (HC; concentrate:forage (70:30)), and a high-concentrate diet with 200 mg of thiamine/kg of DMI (HCT; concentrate:forage (70:30)). Compared with the HC group, dietary thiamine supplementation improved ruminal microbes associated with fiber, including Prevotella, Fibrobacter, Neocallimastix, and Piromyces (p < 0.05). In addition, an increase in the relative abundance of enzymes involved in both fiber degradation and starch degradation, such as CBM16, GH3, and GH97, was observed in the HCT treatment. (p < 0.05). Thus, thiamine supplementation can improve carbohydrate metabolism by increasing the abundance of the microorganisms and enzymes involved in carbohydrate degradation. In conclusion, this study revealed the relationship between ruminal microbiota and enzymes, and these findings contributed to solving the problems arising from the high-concentrate feeding in ruminant production and to providing a new perspective on ruminant health.

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Effects of sudden melon intake on ruminal parameters of non-adapted sheep

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2016000500004 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 378-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Francisco L.C. Oliveira ◽

Raimundo A. Barrêto Júnior ◽

Antonio H.H. Minervino ◽

Marcondes Dias Tavares ◽

Rodolfo Gurgel Vale ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Volatile Fatty Acid ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Sugar Content ◽

The Other ◽

Ruminal Fluid ◽

Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Rumen Ph ◽

Lactic Acid Content ◽

High Sugar Content ◽

High Lactate

Abstract: This study evaluated the effects of varying amounts of melon with high sugar content offered to sheep without prior melon experience and that were not adapted to consuming it. We used 12 eight-month-old, rumen-cannulated crossbred sheep weighing 25 kg each. The animals received a base diet of roughage, and then half were randomly selected to have 25% of their diet replaced with melon (G25%) and the other half had 75% of their diet replaced with melon (75%). Ruminal fluid was collected before administration of melon and at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h after the administration of the fruit. Sheep from the G25% group presented volatile fatty acid ruminal acidosis (sub-acute) between 3 and 6 h after consumption. This acidosis was characterized by a rumen pH slightly lower than 5.6, increased discrete L-lactic acid content, and increased redox potential (RP) and methylene blue redox (MBR) time of the ruminal fluid. The G75% group presented lactic ruminal acidosis at T6h, characterized by a rumen pH lower than 5.0, high lactate-L content, increased RP and MBR time, and increased ruminal fluid osmolarity. Therefore, offering large amounts of melon (75% of dry matter (DM)) is not recommended but 25% of DM of this fruit can be used safely.

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Effect of subacute ruminal acidosis on the preference of cows for pellets containing sodium bicarbonate

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a00-099 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

pp. 149-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J. L. Cumby ◽

J. C. Plaizier ◽

I. Kyriazakis ◽

B. W. McBride

Keyword(s):

Sodium Chloride ◽

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Sodium Content ◽

Diet Choice ◽

Control Test ◽

Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Rumen Ph ◽

Over Time

Lactating cows with low rumen pH were given a choice between two test pellets during a 3-wk experiment. Intake of test pellets containing 4% sodium bicarbonate increased over time, but intake of control test pellets with an equal sodium content through inclusion of sodium chloride remained unaltered. Cows could have preferred bicarbonate pellets in order to attenuate ruminal acidosis, but increased aversion to sodium chloride cannot be excluded. Key words: Acidosis, diet choice, dairy cattle, sodium bicarbonate

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Studies on the relationship of saliva to rumen function of sheep on low feed intakes

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9620907 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 907 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

WR McManus

Keyword(s):

Volatile Fatty Acid ◽

Ph Values ◽

In Vivo Experiments ◽

Rumen Ph ◽

Conscious Sheep ◽

Mixed Saliva ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Standard Ration

Seven in vivo experiments are reported in which the effects of diverting alkaline mixed saliva from the actively fermenting contents of the rumen of anaesthetized and conscious sheep fed on a standard ration were studied for periods up to 6 hr. The absence of various quantities of saliva (225–1349 ml) was associated with profound alterations in the rumen environment: rumen liquor volatile fatty acid (V.F.A.) levels were consistently and substantially elevated, and rumen pH levels depressed. These changes in the rumen environment began about 40–60 min after saliva diversion commenced, and were sustained long after such values for the control animals had inflected towards fasting levels. Rumen movements were recorded in two experiments. Rumen movement was reduced, but not entirely suppressed, some 60 min after the minimal pH values obtained. It is suggested that this reduction in rumen movement was a consequence of depressed pH values. The rumen pH-rumen V.F.A. relationship was, in six such cases, altered but the strength of this relationship was not significantly changed. It was concluded that these effects on rumen pH-V.F.A. levels and relationship were due, directly or indirectly, to the changed buffering or osmotic regime, or both, of the saliva-depleted rumen liquor. Implications of these findings are discussed in the light of rumen physiology and the field use of oesophageally fistulated sheep.

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Effects of acarbose on ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites and microbial profile involved in ruminal acidosis in lactating cows fed a high-carbohydrate ration

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029909990562 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 123-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Marta Blanch ◽

Sergio Calsamiglia ◽

Maria Devant ◽

Alex Bach

Keyword(s):

Blood Metabolites ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Ruminal Ph ◽

Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Microbial Profile ◽

Rumen Ph ◽

Group 3 ◽

High Production

The objective was to evaluate the effects of an inhibitor of α-amylase and glucosidase (acarbose, Pfizer Limited, Corby, UK) on ruminal fermentation, blood metabolism and microbial profile in dairy cows in a 2×2 cross-overexperiment. Eight Holstein cows fitted with rumen cannulas (milk yield, 24·3±2·35 kg/d, body weight, 622±54 kg, days in milk, 183±67, 5 multiparous and 3 primiparous) were used. Treatments were: control (no additive, CTR) and α-amylase and glucosidase inhibitor (0·75 g acarbose-premix/cow per d, AMI). Animals were given ad-libitum access to a high non-fibre carbohydrate (NFC) partial mixed ration (PMR) containing 17·6% crude protein, 28·3% neutral detergent fibre, and 46·5% NFC in the dry matter and supplementary concentrate during milking. Blood samples were taken to determine blood glucose, insulin and urea within the first hour after the morning feeding on two separate days in each period. Samples of ruminal contents were collected during 3 d in each period at 0, 4 and 8 h after feeding to determine volatile fatty acid and ammonia-N concentrations and to quantify protozoa,Streptococcus bovisandMegasphaera elsdenii. Rumen pH was recorded electronically at 22-min intervals during 6 d in each period. Results were analysed using a mixed-effects model. Cows on AMI treatment spent less time with ruminal pH <5·6 compared with cows in the CTR group (3·74 and 6·52±0·704 h/d, respectively). Cows in the AMI group had greater daily average pH compared with those in the CTR group (6·05 and 5·92±0·042, respectively). AMI animals tended (P=0·09) to have lowerStr. bovistoMeg. elsdeniiratio than CTR (4·09 and 26·8±12·0, respectively). These results indicate that dietary supplementation with acarbose in dairy cattle fed high-production rations may be effective in reducing the time for which rumen pH is suboptimal, with no negative effects on ruminal fermentation and blood metabolites.

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Subacute Ruminal Acidosis and Evaluation of Blood Gas Analysis in Dairy Cow

Veterinary Medicine International ◽

10.4061/2010/392371 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Matteo Gianesella ◽

Massimo Morgante ◽

Chiara Cannizzo ◽

Annalisa Stefani ◽

Paolo Dalvit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Blood Gas Analysis ◽

Gas Analysis ◽

Dairy Herds ◽

Blood Gas ◽

Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Ruminal Ph ◽

Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Rumen Ph ◽

Fermentable Carbohydrates

Subacute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA) corresponds to an imbalance between lactate-producing bacteria and lactate-using bacteria, which results in a change in ruminal pH associated with a prevalent consumption of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates. In our study, 216 primiparus and multiparus dairy cows were selected from 20 Italian intensive dairy herds and were divided into three groups based on the risk of SARA. All the dairy cows had high average milk production. After blood sampling, a complete blood gas analysis was performed. One-way ANOVA was performed to compare the three groups. Cont, PC, blood pH, Hb, urinary pH, and rumen pH were significantly lower in cows with rumen . These results indicate that blood gas analysis is a valuable tool to diagnose acidosis in dairy cows because it provides good assessment of acidosis while being less invasive than rumen pH analysis.

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Evaluation of diagnostic measures for subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas2012-004 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 92 (3) ◽

pp. 353-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

S. Li ◽

G. N. Gozho ◽

N. Gakhar ◽

E. Khafipour ◽

D. O. Krause ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Control Diet ◽

Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Diagnostic Measures ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Rumen Ph

Li, S., Gozho, G. N., Gakhar, N., Khafipour, E., Krause, D. O. and Plaizier, J. C. 2012. Evaluation of diagnostic measures for subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows. Can J. Anim. Sci. 92: 353–364. Effects of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) challenges on measurements of feces, urine, milk and blood samples, and of feeding behavior were investigated to determine which of these measurements may aid in the diagnosis of SARA. Eight multiparous lactating dairy cows were used in a crossover design with two 6-wk experimental periods. During weeks 1, 2, and 6, cows received a control diet with a forage-to-concentrate ratio of 58:42. During weeks 3 to wk 5, a grain-based SARA challenge (GBSC) or an alfalfa-pellet SARA challenge (APSC) was conducted by replacing 12% of the dry matter of the control ration with pellets containing 50% ground wheat and 50% ground barley, and by replacing 26% of the dry matter of the control ration with pellets of ground alfalfa, respectively. The rumen pH depression did not differ between the challenges. The GBSC increased the concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in feces and of serum amyloid A in blood, but decreased that of milk fat and urea in blood. The APSC increased the urine pH, the net-acid-base excretion, and the red blood cell count and potassium concentration in blood. Both challenges increased the concentrations of LPS and propionate in rumen fluid, protein in milk, glucose, lactate and sodium and the partial pressure of CO2in blood, and tended to decrease the concentration of chloride in blood. The measures that were similarly affected by both challenges may aid in the diagnosis of a rumen pH depression. Differences between the SARA challenges suggest that this disorder is not solely rumen pH dependent.

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Effect of Feeding Barley, Corn, and a Barley/Corn Blend on Beef Composition and End-Product Palatability

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10050977 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 977

Author(s):

Wilson Barragán-Hernández ◽

Michael E. R. Dugan ◽

Jennifer L. Aalhus ◽

Gregory Penner ◽

Payam Vahmani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Oxidation Products ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Rumen Ph ◽

Total Variability ◽

Meat Samples ◽

The Relationship ◽

Effect Of Feeding ◽

Corn Grain

This study evaluated the relationship among palatability attributes, volatile compounds, and fatty acid (FA) profiles in meat from barley, corn, and blended (50:50, barley and corn) grain-fed steers. Multiple correspondence analysis with three dimensions (Dim) explained 62.2% of the total variability among samples. The Dim 1 and 2 (53.3%) separated pure from blended grain-fed beef samples. Blended grain beef was linked to a number of volatiles including (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, hexanal, 1-octen-3-ol, and 2,3-octanedione. In addition, blended grain-fed beef was linked to fat-like and rancid flavors, stale-cardboard, metallic, cruciferous, and fat-like aroma descriptors, and negative categories for flavor intensity (FI), off-flavor, and tenderness. A possible combination of linoleic and linolenic acids in the blended diet, lower rumen pH, and incomplete biohydrogenation of blended grain-fed polyunsaturates could have increased (p ≤ 0.05) long-chain n-6 fatty acids (LCFA) in blended grain-fed beef, leading to more accumulation of FA oxidation products in the blended than in barley and corn grain-fed meat samples. The Dim 3 (8.9%) allowed corn separation from barley grain beef. Barley grain-fed beef was mainly linked to alkanes and beef positive FI, whereas corn grain-fed beef was associated with pyrazines, in addition to aldehydes related to n-6 LCFA oxidation.

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54 Substrate and inoculum composition affect in vitro model of ruminal acidosis

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.266 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 151-151

Author(s):

Natalie Shaw ◽

Sara Tondini ◽

Daniel W Shike ◽

Joshua C McCann

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Model ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

In Vitro Models ◽

Feedlot Cattle ◽

Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Time Interaction ◽

Rumen Ph ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Vitro Model

Abstract The objective was to create an in vitro model of ruminal acidosis. Ruminal acidosis is a prevalent metabolic disorder in beef feedlot cattle characterized by low rumen pH. Experiment 1 was a 3×3 factorial design testing the interaction between inoculum composition and quantity of substrate. Eighteen flasks containing 150 mL of inoculum were used to evaluate treatments in duplicate. Treatments evaluated inoculum ratios (buffer: rumen fluid) 2:1, 4:1, and 6:1 in combination with substrate levels 5 g, 7.5 g, and 10 g. Manual pH was collected every 4 h for 36 h. Experiment 2 was a completely randomized design with 5 treatments evaluated in triplicate. Treatments consisted of a 4:1 inoculum ratio (150 mL) with the substrate (7.5 g) consisting of 70% corn (PCON), 40% corn (NCON), or increasing inclusions (10, 20, and 30%) of wheat in place of corn (W10, W20, and W30). Flasks were incubated at 39°C for 36 h with continual pH measurement. In exp. 1, 7.5 g of substrate remained between a pH of 5.6 and 5.0 (P ≤ 0.01) for a longer period (880 min) than 10 g of substrate (520 min). In experiment 2, a treatment by time interaction (P ≤ 0.05) was observed for pH with NCON having the greatest pH over 8-36 h and PCON having the lowest pH over 4-8 h. A treatment by time interaction (P = 0.02) was observed for lactate at 20 h with PCON having the greatest and W30 having the lowest concentration. Treatment PCON had the greatest (P < 0.01) acetate and propionate concentration. The W20 treatment remained between a pH of 5.6 and 5.0 (P < 0.01) for a longer period than PCON. Results suggest W20 and PCON may be the most useful in vitro models of ruminal acidosis.

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Vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels in blood of dairy cows during subacute ruminal acidosis

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-55-219-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 219-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. Cannizzo ◽

M. Gianesella ◽

S. Casella ◽

E. Giudice ◽

A. Stefani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin B12 ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Ph Values ◽

Rumen Ph ◽

Group A ◽

Bonferroni Test ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group B

Abstract. The aim of this study was to investigate the variations of vitamin B12 and homocysteine in blood of dairy cows during subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). On 228 subjects ruminal liquid was collected through rumenocentesis technique and rumen pH was immediately measured by a portable pH-meter. On the basis of pH values all cows were classified (bovine class) in Group A (animals with rumen pH>5.7), Group B (animals with rumen pH between 5.6 and 5.7) and Group C (animals with rumen pH<5.6). In relation to the acidosis risk depending on the rumen pH (herd class), the herds were classified in Group 1 (normal herds: less than 33 % cows with rumen pH<5.8), Group 2 (critical herds: more than 33 % cows with rumen pH between 5.5 and 5.8) and Group 3 (acidosis herds: more than 33 % cows with rumen pH<5.5). On blood samples, collected by jugular venipuncture, vitamin B12 and homocysteine were measured by chemiluminescent immunological tests. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Bonferroni test, showed significant differences (P<0.05) for vitamin B12 in bovine class and significant differences (P<0.05) for homocysteine in herd class. The influence of rumen pH values resulted in adequate vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels to meet microbial and cow requirements and fatty acids modifications in dairy cows affected by SARA. Moreover, the increase of vitamin B12 could be due to the presence of analogues which interfere with the transport of the vitamin. These findings provide more information on blood modifications during SARA.

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