Foodborne Pathogen Campylobacter

AbstractCampylobacter jejuni is a foodborne pathogen that binds to and invades the epithelial cells lining the human intestinal tract. Maximal invasion of host cells by C. jejuni requires cell binding as well as delivery of the Cia proteins (Campylobacter invasion antigens) to the host cell cytosol via the flagellum. Here, we show that CiaD binds to the host cell protein IQGAP1 (a Ras GTPase-activating-like protein), thus displacing RacGAP1 from the IQGAP1 complex. This, in turn, leads to the unconstrained activity of the small GTPase Rac1, which is known to have roles in actin reorganization and internalization of C. jejuni. Our results represent the identification of a host cell protein targeted by a flagellar secreted effector protein and demonstrate that C. jejuni-stimulated Rac signaling is dependent on IQGAP1.

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Hepatitis E Virus RNA Presence in Wild Boar Carcasses at Slaughterhouses in Italy

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061624 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1624

Author(s):

Mario Forzan ◽

Maria Irene Pacini ◽

Marcello Periccioli ◽

Maurizio Mazzei

Keyword(s):

Wild Boar ◽

Hepatitis E Virus ◽

Foodborne Pathogen ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

Cross Contamination ◽

Wild Animals ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Virus Rna ◽

The World ◽

Undercooked Meat

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a waterborne and foodborne pathogen largely spread around the world. HEV is responsible for acute hepatitis in humans and it is also diffused in domestic and wild animals. In particular, domestic pigs represent the main reservoir of the infection and particular attention should be paid to the consumption of raw and undercooked meat as a possible zoonotic vehicle of the pathogen. Several studies have reported the presence of HEV in wild boar circulating in European countries with similar prevalence rates. In this study, we evaluated the occurrence of HEV in wild boar hunted in specific areas of Tuscany. Sampling was performed by collecting liver samples and also by swabbing the carcasses at the slaughterhouses following hunting activities. Our data indicated that 8/67 (12%) of liver samples and 4/67 (6%) of swabs were positive for HEV RNA. The presence of HEV genome on swabs indicates the possible cross-contamination of carcass surfaces during slaughtering procedures. Altogether, our data indicated that it is essential to promote health education programmes for hunters and consumers to limit the diffusion of the pathogen to humans.

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Utilizing the Public GenomeTrakr Database for Foodborne Pathogen Traceback v1

10.17504/protocols.io.bxw3ppgn ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ruth E Timme ◽

Maria Sanchez ◽

Marc Allard

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Foodborne Pathogens ◽

Pathogen Detection ◽

Foodborne Pathogen ◽

Reference Database ◽

Surveillance Program ◽

Environmental Isolates ◽

The Public ◽

The World ◽

The Usa

This protocol outlines the all the steps necessary to become a GenomeTrakr data contributor. GenomeTrakr is an international genomic reference database of mostly food and environmental isolates from foodborne pathogens. The data and analyses are housed at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), which is a database freely available to anyone in the world. The Pathogen Detection browser at NCBI computes daily cluster results adding the newly submitted data to the existing phylogenetic clusters of closely related genomes. Contributors to this database can see how their new isolates are related to the real-time foodborne pathogen surveillance program established in the USA and a few other countries, and at the same time adding valuable new data to the reference database. ------ Although originally published as a Chapter in Methods and Protocols, Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens, the protocol has since been adapted and split into four separate protocols all of which are contained in this collection.

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Campylobacter jejuni Triggers Signaling through Host Cell Focal Adhesions To Inhibit Cell Motility

mBio ◽

10.1128/mbio.01494-21 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Courtney M. Klappenbach ◽

Nicholas M. Negretti ◽

Jesse Aaron ◽

Teng-Leong Chew ◽

Michael E. Konkel

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Cell Motility ◽

Host Cell ◽

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Focal Adhesion ◽

Foodborne Pathogen ◽

Focal Adhesions ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Content Type ◽

And Function

Campylobacter jejuni is a major foodborne pathogen that causes severe gastritis. We investigated the dynamics of focal adhesion structure and function in C. jejuni -infected epithelial cells.

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Multi-Omics Approach Reveals the Potential Core Vaccine Targets for the Emerging Foodborne Pathogen Campylobacter jejuni

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.665858 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Hengchun Cao ◽

Hanxiao Xu ◽

Chunhui Ning ◽

Li Xiang ◽

Qiufang Ren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Virulence Factor ◽

Target Genes ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Animal Experiments ◽

Foodborne Pathogen ◽

Gene Families ◽

Intestinal Loop ◽

Potential Core ◽

New Vaccines

Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans around the world. The emergence of bacterial resistance is becoming more serious; therefore, development of new vaccines is considered to be an alternative strategy against drug-resistant pathogen. In this study, we investigated the pangenome of 173 C. jejuni strains and analyzed the phylogenesis and the virulence factor genes. In order to acquire a high-quality pangenome, genomic relatedness was firstly performed with average nucleotide identity (ANI) analyses, and an open pangenome of 8,041 gene families was obtained with the correct taxonomy genomes. Subsequently, the virulence property of the core genome was analyzed and 145 core virulence factor (VF) genes were obtained. Upon functional genomics and immunological analyses, five core VF proteins with high antigenicity were selected as potential core vaccine targets for humans. Furthermore, functional annotations indicated that these proteins are involved in important molecular functions and biological processes, such as adhesion, regulation, and secretion. In addition, transcriptome analysis in human cells and pig intestinal loop proved that these vaccine target genes are important in the virulence of C. jejuni in different hosts. Comprehensive pangenome and relevant animal experiments will facilitate discovering the potential core vaccine targets with improved efficiency in reverse vaccinology. Likewise, this study provided some insights into the genetic polymorphism and phylogeny of C. jejuni and discovered potential vaccine candidates for humans. Prospective development of new vaccines using the targets will be an alternative to the use of antibiotics and prevent the development of multidrug-resistant C. jejuni in humans and even other animals.

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Draft Genome Sequences of Multidrug-Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Strains Isolated from Chickens in Central China

Microbiology Resource Announcements ◽

10.1128/mra.01303-19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yiluo Cheng ◽

Wenting Zhang ◽

Qin Lu ◽

Guoyuan Wen ◽

Qingping Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Draft Genome ◽

Foodborne Pathogen ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Central China ◽

Genome Sequences ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

Content Type

Campylobacter jejuni is a major foodborne pathogen that plays an important role in spreading drug resistance. We report the draft genome sequences of two multidrug-resistant C. jejuni isolates which contained similar mutations in the CmeR box. This will improve the understanding of C. jejuni antimicrobial resistance and genetic characteristics.

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Genetics behind the Biosynthesis of Nonulosonic Acid-Containing Lipooligosaccharides inCampylobacter coli

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.00759-18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 201 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Alejandra Kolehmainen ◽

Mirko Rossi ◽

Jacek Stupak ◽

Jianjun Li ◽

Michel Gilbert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Foodborne Pathogen ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

Strong Impact ◽

Large Set ◽

Content Type ◽

Donor And Acceptor ◽

Nonulosonic Acid ◽

Acute Polyneuropathy

ABSTRACTCampylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter coliare the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in the world. Ganglioside mimicry byC. jejunilipooligosaccharide (LOS) is the triggering factor of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), an acute polyneuropathy. Sialyltransferases from glycosyltransferase family 42 (GT-42) are essential for the expression of ganglioside mimics inC. jejuni. Recently, two novel GT-42 genes,cstIVandcstV, have been identified inC. coli. Despite being present in ∼11% of currently availableC. coligenomes, the biological role ofcstIVandcstVis unknown. In the present investigation, mutation studies with two strains expressing eithercstIVorcstVwere performed and mass spectrometry was used to investigate differences in the chemical composition of LOS. Attempts were made to identify donor and acceptor molecules usingin vitroactivity tests with recombinant GT-42 enzymes. Here we show that CstIV and CstV are involved inC. coliLOS biosynthesis. In particular,cstVis associated with LOS sialylation, whilecstIVis linked to the addition of a diacetylated nonulosonic acid residue.IMPORTANCEDespite the fact thatCampylobacter colia major foodborne pathogen, its glycobiology has been largely neglected. The genetic makeup of theC. colilipooligosaccharide biosynthesis locus was largely unknown until recently.C. coliharbors a large set of genes associated with lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis, including genes for several putative glycosyltransferases involved in the synthesis of sialylated lipooligosaccharide inCampylobacter jejuni. In the present study,C. coliwas found to express lipooligosaccharide structures containing sialic acid and other nonulosonate acids. These findings have a strong impact on our understanding ofC. coliecology, host-pathogen interaction, and pathogenesis.

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Partial Proteome Map of Campylobacter Jejuni Strain Nctc11168 by Gel-Free Proteomics Analysis

International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/ijasbt.v2i4.11253 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 464-477

Author(s):

Zilun Shi ◽

Chris Dawson ◽

Stephen L.W. On ◽

Malik Altaf Hussain

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Foodborne Pathogen ◽

Brain Heart Infusion ◽

Cell Protein ◽

Absolute Quantitation ◽

Whole Cell ◽

Itraq Analysis ◽

Proteomic Approach ◽

Whole Cell Protein ◽

Isobaric Tags

A proteome map of the foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 was analyzed using a state-of-the-art gel-free proteomic approach for the first time. A whole cell protein extract was prepared from the C. jejuni strain NCTC11168 grown in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth at 42°C under microaerobic conditions. A gel-free technique using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) was employed to create a protein expression profile of the strain. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to identify the proteins. Protein functionalities were searched to classify them. A total of 235 proteins were identified in the whole cell protein fraction of C. jejuni NCTC11168 cells using iTRAQ analysis. Functional grouping of the identified proteins showed that forty percent of these proteins were associated with energy metabolism, protein synthesis and genetic information processing. iTRAQ was faster, easier and proved more sensitive than two-dimensional gel-based proteomics approaches previously applied to C. jejuni, making it an attractive tool for further studies of cellular physiological response. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i4.11253 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(4): 464-477

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