Utilizing the Public GenomeTrakr Database for Foodborne Pathogen Traceback v1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth E Timme ◽  
Maria Sanchez ◽  
Marc Allard
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa

This protocol outlines the all the steps necessary to become a GenomeTrakr data contributor. GenomeTrakr is an international genomic reference database of mostly food and environmental isolates from foodborne pathogens. The data and analyses are housed at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), which is a database freely available to anyone in the world. The Pathogen Detection browser at NCBI computes daily cluster results adding the newly submitted data to the existing phylogenetic clusters of closely related genomes. Contributors to this database can see how their new isolates are related to the real-time foodborne pathogen surveillance program established in the USA and a few other countries, and at the same time adding valuable new data to the reference database. ------ Although originally published as a Chapter in Methods and Protocols, Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens, the protocol has since been adapted and split into four separate protocols all of which are contained in this collection.

scholarly journals The world public opinion towards the American foreign policy of presidents of the United States of North America in the years 2001–2016

2021 ◽  
pp. 163-184
Author(s):  
Przemysław Potocki
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
World System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa

The article is based on an analysis of certain aspects of how the public opinion of selected nations in years 2001–2016 perceived the American foreign policy and the images of two Presidents of the United States (George W. Bush, Barack Obama). In order to achieve these research goals some polling indicators were constructed. They are linked with empirical assessments related to the foreign policy of the U.S. and the political activity of two Presidents of the United States of America which are constructed by nations in three segments of the world system. Results of the analysis confirmed the research hypotheses. The position of a given nation in the structure of the world system influenced the dynamics of perception and the directions of empirical assessments (positive/negative) of that nation’s public opinion about the USA.

scholarly journals Applications of Nanotechnology in Sensor-Based Detection of Foodborne Pathogens

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsh Kumar ◽  
Kamil Kuča ◽  
Shashi Kant Bhatia ◽  
Kritika Saini ◽  
Ankur Kaushal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Effective Use

The intake of microbial-contaminated food poses severe health issues due to the outbreaks of stern food-borne diseases. Therefore, there is a need for precise detection and identification of pathogenic microbes and toxins in food to prevent these concerns. Thus, understanding the concept of biosensing has enabled researchers to develop nanobiosensors with different nanomaterials and composites to improve the sensitivity as well as the specificity of pathogen detection. The application of nanomaterials has enabled researchers to use advanced technologies in biosensors for the transfer of signals to enhance their efficiency and sensitivity. Nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes, magnetic and gold, dendrimers, graphene nanomaterials and quantum dots are predominantly used for developing biosensors with improved specificity and sensitivity of detection due to their exclusive chemical, magnetic, mechanical, optical and physical properties. All nanoparticles and new composites used in biosensors need to be classified and categorized for their enhanced performance, quick detection, and unobtrusive and effective use in foodborne analysis. Hence, this review intends to summarize the different sensing methods used in foodborne pathogen detection, their design, working principle and advances in sensing systems.

scholarly journals The IAU, from New Worlds to Exoworlds: recollections of a mandate

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (S349) ◽  
pp. 90-111
Author(s):  
Thierry Montmerle
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sensitive Issue ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Host Stars

AbstractThis paper presents my own recollections of the difficult relations that existed between the IAU and a fraction of the public, especially in the USA, following the IAU decision to reclassify Pluto as a dwarf planet at the 2006 General Assembly in Prague, and which ultimately led the IAU to organize the NameExoWorlds international contest to give public names to selected exoplanets and their host stars. In spite of the success of the International Year of Astronomy in 2009, the Pluto controversy continued, and its consequences climaxed during my term (2012-2015), as NASA’s New Horizons probe approached Pluto for a flyby just before the 2015 General Assembly in Honolulu. It was during this period that the IAU launched the NameExoWorlds contest, which also came to a conclusion in Honolulu after over half a million votes were cast from all over the world. While the inside story of how the contest was organized has appeared elsewhere, here I focus on the historical and sociological context that made Pluto such a sensitive issue, especially in the USA, explaining why this contest generated another controversy between the IAU and the New Horizons team. However, after the world-wide success of NameExoWorlds, the IAU and the New Horizons team eventually reached an agreement on finalizing the characterization and names of a number of newly discovered Pluto and Charon surface features (an on-going process), while a new edition of NameExoWorlds is in preparation for the IAU centennial in 2019.

«LIGHTED» LONGFELLOW: THE CONCEPT OF LIGHT IN THE CHANGING STYLE

2019 ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Vadim Andreyev
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lexical Representation ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mental Picture ◽  
Romantic Poet ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa

The necessity of the study of different author’s conceptual sphere to obtain more profound knowledge of the issue how the mental picture of the world is realized in speech has become a generally accepted fact in linguistics. In this article the attention is focused on the role, its changes and specific features of the concept Light verbalization in metaphoric system of a famous American romantic poet H. Longfellow. Conclusions are made on the basis of the analysis of the database which includes lyrical poems in the collections published during the author’s life with the total of over 2000 verse lines. The research utilizes the method of analysis of metaphor as a two-member structure which realizes the transfer of features from the source domain (right element of metaphoric model) to the target domain (left element). Longfellow’s literary works are divided into three periods on the basis of biographical data. The first period embraces the beginning of the 1820-s when the young and yet unknown to the public poet published his early works. The second period lasts from 1826 till the beginning of the Civil War in the USA which became the crucial moment in the life and literature of the country. The final period encompasses the remaining part of the poet’s works. The carried out analysis has showed that being one of the most frequent and most productive concepts in the creation of metaphoric models, the concept Light is one of major units of Longfellow’s conceptual sphere. Thus, aesthetic evaluation of Longfellow’s verses as light, which is expressed by a number of critics, to a great extent reflects subconscious perception of the role of the concept Light in the poet’s mental model of the world. Besides, the analysis made it possible to establish a number of facts concerning Longfellow’s individual style which have not been known up to this moment. Longfellow began with the evaluation of light as one of the mysteries and then proceeded to the understanding of light as an intuitively clear phenomenon. This alteration did not affect permanently positive perception of light by the poet and the verbalization of the corresponding concept. From the point of view of lexical representation, the light in the texts by Longfellow possesses positive connotation, it is the source of strength, beauty and hope. Longfellow views Light as a primarily natural source of light. Verbalization of Light in metaphor is explicitly differentiates this concept from the concept Sound which is characterized by low frequency and negative connotation.

Rites of Passage and the LDS Temple

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-68
Author(s):  
Jana Riess
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Rites Of Passage ◽  
Latter Day Saints ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time ◽  
Rites Of Initiation ◽  
The Temple

This chapter looks at Mormons' experiences in the Latter-day Saints (LDS) temple. Whereas regular Sunday services are open to the public at thousands of LDS chapel meetinghouses around the world, temples are rare—there are just over 150 around the globe—and closed to everyone but the most committed Latter-day Saints. The Next Mormons Survey (NMS) data shows that most Mormons who have been to the temple do have a good first experience. Six in ten current Mormon respondents reported that they had been to the temple for the initiatory followed by the endowment ceremony, which are the two essential rites of initiation for the LDS temple. However, it is possible there is a disconnect between what millennials say about loving their first time in the temple and what some of them actually felt in real time. Overall, the temple emerges as a complex site of contention for many former Mormons.

scholarly journals Truth Distancing? Whistleblowing as Remedy to Censorship during COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-381
Author(s):  
Vigjilenca ABAZI
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
The Public ◽  
Reporting Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Other Information ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Control ◽  
Do So

In the COVID-19 pandemic, whistleblowers have become the essential watchdogs disrupting suppression and control of information. Many governments have intentionally not disclosed information or failed to do so in a timely manner, misled the public or even promoted false beliefs. Fierce public interest defenders are pushing back against this censorship. Dr Fen and Dr Wenliang were the first whistleblowers in China to report that a new pandemic was possibly underway, and ever since, numerous other whistleblowers around the world have been reporting on the spread of the virus, the lack of medical equipment and other information of public interest. This paper maps the relevant whistleblowing cases in China, the USA and Europe and shows that many whistleblowers are initially censored and face disciplinary measures or even dismissals. At the same time, whistleblowing during the COVID-19 pandemic has drawn public attention to the shortcomings of institutional reporting systems and a wider appreciation of whistleblowers as uniquely placed to expose risk at early stages. Ultimately, whistleblowing as a means of transparency is not only becoming ever less controversial, but during COVID-19 it has become the “remedy” to censorship.

scholarly journals A newly developed paper embedded microchip based on LAMP for rapid multiple detections of foodborne pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimi Zhang ◽  
Jinfeng Liu ◽  
Zhiqiang Shen ◽  
Yongxin Liu ◽  
Yang Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Force ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Reaction Chamber ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Detection Technology

Abstract Background Microfluidic chip detection technology is considered a potent tool for many bioanalytic applications. Rapid detection of foodborne pathogens in the early stages is imperative to prevent the outbreak of foodborne diseases, known as a severe threat to human health. Conventional bacterial culture methods for detecting foodborne pathogens are time-consuming, laborious, and lacking in pathogen diagnosis. To overcome this problem, we have created an embedded paper-based microchip based on isothermal loop amplification (LAMP), which can rapidly and sensitively detect foodborne pathogens. Results We embed paper impregnated with LAMP reagent and specific primers in multiple reaction chambers of the microchip. The solution containing the target pathogen was injected into the center chamber and uniformly distributed into the reaction chamber by centrifugal force. The purified DNA of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus has been successfully amplified and directly detected on the microchip. The E. coli O157:H7 DNA was identified as low as 0.0134 ng μL− 1. Besides, the potential of this microchip in point-of-care testing was further tested by combining the on-chip sample purification module and using milk spiked with Salmonella spp.. The pyrolyzed milk sample was filtered through a polydopamine-coated paper embedded in the inside of the sample chamber. It was transported to the reaction chamber by centrifugal force for LAMP amplification. Then direct chip detection was performed in the reaction chamber embedded with calcein-soaked paper. The detection limit of Salmonella spp. in the sample measured by the microchip was approximately 12 CFU mL− 1. Conclusion The paper embedded LAMP microchip offers inexpensive, user-friendly, and highly selective pathogen detection capabilities. It is expected to have great potential as a quick, efficient, and cost-effective solution for future foodborne pathogen detection.

scholarly journals Editorial for the Special Issue: Foodborne Pathogen Distribution, Ecology, Inactivation, and Methods of Differentiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Ross C. Beier ◽  
Steven L. Foley ◽  
Roger B. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Foodborne Illnesses ◽  
The World

Foodborne pathogens are a major cause of diarrheal disease throughout the world, and 40% of the foodborne illnesses are observed among children under the age of 5 years [...]

Filter-Based Pathogen Enrichment Technology for Detection of Multiple Viable Foodborne Pathogens in 1 Day

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 1603-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKU MURAKAMI
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Conventional Culture ◽  
Culture Enrichment ◽  
Enrichment Technology ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Filter Clogging ◽  
Enrichment Step

Conventional foodborne pathogen assays currently used in the food industry often require long culture enrichments to increase pathogen levels so they can be detected. Even using sensitive real-time PCR assays, culture enrichment at least overnight is necessary especially for detection of pathogens with slow growth rates such as Listeria monocytogenes. To eliminate this cumbersome enrichment step and detect minute amounts of pathogens within 1 day, filter-based pathogen enrichment technology was developed utilizing a unique combination of glass fiber depth filter and porous filter aid materials to efficiently separate pathogens from food homogenates and avoid filter clogging by food particles. After pathogen immobilization in depth filters, only viable pathogens were selectively collected in a small volume of growth medium via microbial multiplication and migration; nonviable pathogens remained inside the filters. By assaying viable pathogens using real-time PCRs, multiple species of foodborne pathogens were detected, including L. monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, and Escherichia coli O157:H7, at around 1 CFU/ml or 1 CFU/g in various food samples. This filter-based pathogen enrichment technology is a unique bacterial enrichment alternative to the conventional culture enrichment step and can significantly shorten the time necessary to obtain assay results.

scholarly journals Advances in Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Foodborne Pathogen Detection

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2700
Author(s):  
Ivan Bobrinetskiy ◽  
Marko Radovic ◽  
Francesco Rizzotto ◽  
Priya Vizzini ◽  
Stefan Jaric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensors ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Gold Silver ◽  
2D And 3D Nanostructures

Electrochemical biosensors utilizing nanomaterials have received widespread attention in pathogen detection and monitoring. Here, the potential of different nanomaterials and electrochemical technologies is reviewed for the development of novel diagnostic devices for the detection of foodborne pathogens and their biomarkers. The overview covers basic electrochemical methods and means for electrode functionalization, utilization of nanomaterials that include quantum dots, gold, silver and magnetic nanoparticles, carbon nanomaterials (carbon and graphene quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene and reduced graphene oxide, graphene nanoplatelets, laser-induced graphene), metal oxides (nanoparticles, 2D and 3D nanostructures) and other 2D nanomaterials. Moreover, the current and future landscape of synergic effects of nanocomposites combining different nanomaterials is provided to illustrate how the limitations of traditional technologies can be overcome to design rapid, ultrasensitive, specific and affordable biosensors.

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