scholarly journals Co-Inoculation of Organic Potato with Fungi and Bacteria at High Disease Severity of Rhizoctonia solani and Streptomyces spp. Increases Beneficial Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2028
Author(s):  
Orsolya Papp ◽  
Tamás Kocsis ◽  
Borbála Biró ◽  
Timea Jung ◽  
Daniel Ganszky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Microbial Characteristics ◽  
Organic Potato ◽  
High Disease Severity ◽  
Second Year

Rhizobacteria-based technologies may constitute a viable option for biological fertilization and crop protection. The effects of two microbial inoculants (1) PPS: Pseudomonas protegens, P. jessenii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia biocontrol bacterium strains and (2) TPB: Trichoderma atroviride, Pseudomonas putida, and Bacillus subtilis fungi, bacteria biocontrol, and biofertilizer combinations were examined on potato (Solanum tuberosum L. var. Demon) in three consecutive years in irrigated organic conditions. The number of tubers showing symptoms of Streptomyces sp. and Rhizoctonia sp. was recorded. The severity of symptoms was evaluated based on the damaged tuber surface. There was a large annual variability in both the symptoms caused by soil-borne pathogens, and the effect of bio-inoculants. In the first and second year, with a stronger Rhizoctonia and Streptomyces spp. incidence, the bacterial and fungal combination of TPB inoculums with both the potential plant nutrition and biocontrol ability of the strains seemed to have a better efficiency to control the diseases. This tendency was not supported in the third year, and this may be attributed to the relatively high natural precipitation. Further studies are required to investigate the agronomic benefits of these inoculants and to tailor their application to the soil microbial characteristics and weather conditions.

Soil microbial characteristics and the influencing factors in subtropical forests

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Wang ◽  
Shiqin Yu ◽  
Lixia Zhou ◽  
Shenglei Fu
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Subtropical Forests ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbial Characteristics

scholarly journals Managing Bees for Delivering Biological Control Agents and Improved Pollination in Berry and Fruit Cultivation

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikki M. T. Hokkanen ◽  
Ingeborg Menzler-Hokkanen ◽  
Marja-Leena Lahdenpera
Keyword(s):  
Crop Protection ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Dissemination Activity ◽  
Grey Mold ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Disease Pressure

<p>Targeted precision biocontrol and improved pollination were studied Europe-wide in the EU ERA-NET CORE ORGANIC 2 project BICOPOLL (Biocontrol and Pollination). A case study was conducted on the management of strawberry grey mold <em>Botrytis cinerea</em>, with the biocontrol fungus, <em>Gliocladium catenulatum</em>, vectored by honey bees or bumble bees. A joint field trial carried out in five countries targeted strawberry cultivations in open field, and included four treatments: untreated control, chemical fungicide, entomovectored biocontrol, and chemical and biocontrol combined. In organic fields, no pesticide treatments were included. The proportion of moldy berries, and/or the marketable yield of healthy berries were recorded from each treatment, along with other parameters of local interest. A pilot study was started in Finland in 2006, and, by 2012, large commercial farms were using entomovectoring. In 2012, field trials were started in Estonia and in Italy, and in 2013-14, these experiments were expanded to Slovenia and Turkey. In total, 26 field tests were conducted using entomovectoring and <em>Gliocladium catenulatum</em> (Prestop<sup>®</sup> Mix) on strawberry, with five additional trials on raspberry. Efficacy results have been excellent throughout the field studies. The results show crop protection equalling or exceeding that provided by a full chemical fungicide program, under all weather conditions, and over a wide geographical range (from Finland to Turkey). Under heavy disease pressure, entomovectoring provided on average a 47% disease reduction, which was the same as multiple fungicide sprays. Under light disease pressure, biocontrol decreased grey mold by an average of 66%, which was greater than fungicide sprays. The concept has proven to be effective on strawberries, raspberries, pears, apples, blueberries, cherries, and grapes. A conservative estimate for Finland is that over 500 ha of strawberry cultivation currently use the technique (≈15% of the strawberry growing area). To make full use of the entomovectoring technique, organic berry and fruit growers are encouraged to (i) keep bees, or to hire the service from local beekeepers for entomovectoring; and (ii) manage vegetation within and around the target crop to support the activity of bees and other pollinators, which can help to disseminate the beneficial microbial populations within the crop. Beekeepers are encouraged to (i) market pollination and biocontrol services to fruit and berry growers, and (ii) ensure that all operations are effective in mananging bees and their microbe dissemination activity. Biocontrol product manufacturers are encouraged to further develop products and their formulations specifically for entomovectoring, because current formulations are suboptimal as they are initially optimized for other uses (e.g., mixing into the soil).</p>

scholarly journals Response of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to increasing growing season temperature under different Soil management and crop protection regimes in the upcountry of Sri Lanka

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 555 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M.R.D. Abhayapala ◽  
W.A.J.M. De Costa ◽  
R.M. Fonseka ◽  
K. Prasannath ◽  
D.M. De Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Growing Season

Productivity and profitability of organic and conventional potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production in West-Central Bhutan

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 640-654
Author(s):  
Norden Lepcha ◽  
Panya Mankeb ◽  
Suneeporn Suwanmaneepong
Keyword(s):  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
West Central ◽  
Organic Potato ◽  
Organic Farmers ◽  
Premium Price ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Benefit Cost

Abstract Bhutan aspires to be an entirely organic nation. Food self-sufficiency and increasing farm household income are critical priorities in the country. Realising these priorities necessitates assessing the country’s current organic agriculture performance. The objectives of this study were to investigate the productivity and profitability of organic and conventional potato and farmers’ constraints in producing organic potato in West-Central Bhutan. Multistage and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the study sample. A semi-structured questionnaire and face-to-face interviews were employed to gather primary data for the 2019 cropping cycle from 93 potato farmers: 43 organic farmers in the Gasa District and 50 conventional farmers in Wangdue Phodrang District. Descriptive statistics, cost and return analysis, and independent sample t-test were applied for data analysis. The results revealed that the conventional potato’s productivity (tuber yield) and profitability were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than organic potatoes. The average productivities for organic and conventional potatoes were 7.48 and 19.22 t/ha, respectively. Organic potato farmers incurred a loss of −202,708.47 Ngultrum (Nu)/ha, while conventional potato farmers incurred a profit of 83,832.85 Nu/ha. The benefit-cost ratios of organic and conventional potato stood at 0.40 and 1.27, respectively. Lack of premium price, pest and disease problems, low crop productivity, and climate change were the constraints faced by organic potato farmers. The study found that the productivity and profitability of the conventional potatoes were higher than the organic potatoes in West-Central Bhutan in the current scenario. Further, the critical information will contribute to guiding Bhutan’s vision for its organic agriculture development.

Role of Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy in the Management of Children with Middle Ear Effusion

1980 ◽  
Vol 89 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
First Year ◽  
Middle Ear Effusion ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Ear Effusion

Evidence for the clinical effectiveness of adenoidectomy or tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in the management of children with persistent middle ear effusions is incomplete and what evidence there is in the literature is not convincing. In the first year after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy there is less otitis media. The beneficial effects of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy on the incidence of otitis media declines in the second year after the operation. The prevailing opinion is that adenoidectomy is not indicated in the vast majority of children in whom a middle ear effusion has persisted for six weeks or more in spite of antibiotic therapy. Factors favoring an adenoidectomy would be persistent nasal obstruction, persistent purulent rhinorrhea and persistent adenoiditis. The role of tonsillectomy is even less clear, but the decision regarding tonsillectomy is made by most clinicians on the basis of the amount of intercurrent or chronic tonsillitis rather than on the basis of the middle ear effusion per se.

Effects of seeding densities and row spacing on yield and yield components of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. U. Hassan ◽  
M. H. Leitch ◽  
M. K. Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
First Year ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seed Density ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Second Year

The space available to plants affects the available resources and hence modifies the growth habits and yield potential of plants. The effect of four seeding densities (250, 500, 750 and 1000 viable seeds/m2) and three row spacings (12, 15 and 20 cm) were evaluated at Morfa Mawr field station at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK during the 1993 and 1994 growing seasons. Number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, thousand-seed weight and seed yield were examined during the study. Capsule index (CI) and harvest index (HI) were calculated from the observed data. During the first year, capsules per plant, seeds per capsule and capsule index were increased by decreasing the seed density, while the maximum seed yield of 3.9 t/ha was recorded at the highest seed density of 1000 seeds/m2. An increase in row spacing led to an almost linear increase in most of the yield attributes of the crop. During the second year, the response of yield and yield attributes to seeding densities was similar to that recorded during the first year. Seed yield increased with decreasing row spacing, while the rest of the components did not show any consistent response. During the first year, the overall performance and production of the crop was higher than in the second year because of the better weather conditions, with mild temperature and high rainfall during the season.

Influence of root-exudates concentration on pyrene degradation and soil microbial characteristics in pyrene contaminated soil

Chemosphere ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 1190-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-mei Xie ◽  
Min Liao ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Juan-juan Chai ◽  
Shu Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Exudates ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Pyrene Degradation ◽  
Microbial Characteristics

scholarly journals The influence of fertilisation and crop rotation on soil microbial characteristics in the long-term field experiment

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Mikanová ◽  
M. Friedlová ◽  
T. Šimon
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Urease Activity ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbial Characteristics ◽  
Rotation Field ◽  
Term Field

Soils were sampled from the plots with four variants of fertilisation: Nil – without fertilisation, NPK – mineral fertilisation, FYM – farmyard manure, FYM + NPK – farmyard manure with mineral fertilisation, and two variants of crop rotation: field IV – classical 9-year crop rotation, field B – 2-year rotation of alternative growing. Determination of urease, CFU of <I>Azotobacter</I> spp. and potential nitrogenase activity was conducted during the period 1999–2004. The urease activity was positively affected by manure fertilisation (FYM) and by the combination of FYM + NPK. The statistically significantly highest counts of <I>Azotobacter</I> spp. and the highest nitrogenase activity were determined on field B in variants FYM and FYM + NPK. The results show that there was a higher amount of accessible nitrogen present on field IV than on field B. This might explain the lower counts of <I>Azotobacter</I> spp. and therefore the lower nitrogenase activity. According to our results, activity of urease, CFU of <I>Azotobacter</I> spp. and potential nitrogenase activity are very closely connected with N inputs.

scholarly journals The impact of windthrow and fire disturbances on selected soil properties in the Tatra National Park

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (Special Issue No. 1) ◽  
pp. S74-S80 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gömöryová ◽  
K. Střelcová ◽  
J. Škvarenina ◽  
J. Bebej ◽  
D. Gömöry
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
National Park ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
N Mineralisation ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbial Characteristics ◽  
Fire Disturbances ◽  
Tatra National Park ◽  
The Impact

: In November 2004, forest stands in the Tatra National Park (TANAP) were affected by windthrow and in July 2005, the wildfire broke out on a part of the affected area. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the windthrow and fire disturbances on soil microbial activity. Basal and potential soil respiration, N-mineralisation, catalase activity, soil microbial biomass, and cellulase activity were measured in soil samples taken from the A-horizon (depth of 0–10 cm) along 100 m transects established on 4 plots (reference site, burnt, non-extracted, and extracted sites) in October 2006. Some soil microbial characteristics exhibited a high spatial variability, especially microbial biomass and N-mineralisation. Significant differences in soil microbial characteristics (especially basal soil respiration and catalase activity) between plots were found. Generally, the highest microbial activity was revealed on the plot affected by fire. Soil microbial activity was similar on the extracted and non-extracted sites.

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