scholarly journals Composition and Biological Activity of Vitis vinifera Winter Cane Extract on Candida Biofilm

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2391
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Kodeš ◽  
Maria Vrublevskaya ◽  
Markéta Kulišová ◽  
Petr Jaroš ◽  
Martina Paldrychová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Plant Polyphenols ◽  
Microscopy Imaging ◽  
Grape Extract ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Candida Biofilm

Vitis vinifera canes are waste material of grapevine pruning and thus represent cheap source of high-value polyphenols. In view of the fact that resistance of many pathogenic microorganisms to antibiotics is a growing problem, the antimicrobial activity of plant polyphenols is studied as one of the possible approaches. We have investigated the total phenolic content, composition, antioxidant activity, and antifungal activity against Candida biofilm of an extract from winter canes and a commercially available extract from blue grapes. Light microscopy and confocal microscopy imaging as well as crystal violet staining were used to quantify and visualize the biofilm. We found a decrease in cell adhesion to the surface depending on the concentration of resveratrol in the cane extract. The biofilm formation was observed as metabolic activity of Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis and Candida krusei biofilm cells and the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations were determined. The highest inhibition of metabolic activity was observed in Candida albicans biofilm after treatment with the cane extract (30 mg/L) and blue grape extract (50 mg/L). The composition of cane extract was analyzed and found to be comparatively different from blue grape extract. In addition, the content of total phenolic groups in cane extract was three-times higher (12.75 gGA/L). The results showed that cane extract was more effective in preventing biofilm formation than blue grape extract and winter canes have proven to be a potential source of polyphenols for antimicrobial and antibiofilm treatment.

scholarly journals In VitroAnalyses of the Effects of Heparin and Parabens on Candida albicans Biofilms and Planktonic Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa H. Miceli ◽  
Stella M. Bernardo ◽  
T. S. Neil Ku ◽  
Carla Walraven ◽  
Samuel A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Heparin Sodium ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACTInfections and thromboses are the most common complications associated with central venous catheters. Suggested strategies for prevention and management of these complications include the use of heparin-coated catheters, heparin locks, and antimicrobial lock therapy. However, the effects of heparin onCandida albicansbiofilms and planktonic cells have not been previously studied. Therefore, we sought to determine thein vitroeffect of a heparin sodium preparation (HP) on biofilms and planktonic cells ofC. albicans. Because HP contains two preservatives, methyl paraben (MP) and propyl paraben (PP), these compounds and heparin sodium without preservatives (Pure-H) were also tested individually. The metabolic activity of the mature biofilm after treatment was assessed using XTT [2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide] reduction and microscopy. Pure-H, MP, and PP caused up to 75, 85, and 60% reductions of metabolic activity of the mature preformedC. albicansbiofilms, respectively. Maximal efficacy against the mature biofilm was observed with HP (up to 90%) compared to the individual compounds (P< 0.0001). Pure-H, MP, and PP each inhibitedC. albicansbiofilm formation up to 90%. A complete inhibition of biofilm formation was observed with HP at 5,000 U/ml and higher. When tested against planktonic cells, each compound inhibited growth in a dose-dependent manner. These data indicated that HP, MP, PP, and Pure-H havein vitroantifungal activity againstC. albicansmature biofilms, formation of biofilms, and planktonic cells. Investigation of high-dose heparin-based strategies (e.g., heparin locks) in combination with traditional antifungal agents for the treatment and/or prevention ofC. albicansbiofilms is warranted.

Candidemia Candida albicans clusters have higher tendency to form biofilms than singleton genotypes†

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 887-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Díaz-García ◽  
Maiken C Arendrup ◽  
Rafael Cantón ◽  
Julio García-Rodríguez ◽  
Ana Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Hospital Environments ◽  
Marked Variability ◽  
Inert Surfaces ◽  
Biofilm Development

Abstract The capacity of Candida spp. to form biofilms allows them to attach either to living or inert surfaces, promoting their persistence in hospital environments. In a previous study, we reported strain-to-strain variations in Candida spp. biofilm development, suggesting that some genotypes may be greater biofilm formers than others. In this study, we hypothesize that isolates pertaining to clusters may be found more frequently in the environment due to their ability to form biofilms compared to singleton genotypes. Two hundred and thirty-nine Candida spp. isolates (78 clusters) from candidemia patients admitted to 16 hospitals located in different cities and countries—and the same number of singleton genotypes used as controls—were tested in terms of biofilm formation using the crystal violet and the XTT reduction assays. Candida albicans clusters showed higher biofilm formation in comparison to singleton genotypes (P &lt; .01). The biofilms formed by intra-hospital C. albicans clusters showed higher metabolic activity (P &lt; .05). Furthermore, marked variability was found among species and type of cluster. We observed that the higher the number of isolates, the higher the variability of biofilm production by isolates within the cluster, suggesting that the production of biofilm by isolates of the same genotype is quite diverse and does not depend on the type of cluster studied. In conclusion, candidemia Candida spp. clusters—particularly in the case of C. albicans—show significantly more biomass production and metabolic activity than singleton genotypes.

scholarly journals Effects of extracellular DNA from Candida albicans and pneumonia-related pathogens on Candida biofilm formation and hyphal transformation

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 1531-1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sapaar ◽  
A. Nur ◽  
K. Hirota ◽  
H. Yumoto ◽  
K. Murakami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Candida Biofilm

scholarly journals Cajuputs candy impairs Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans mixed biofilm formation in vitro

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1923
Author(s):  
Siska Septiana ◽  
Boy Muchlis Bachtiar ◽  
Nancy Dewi Yuliana ◽  
Christofora Hanny Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Microscopy Imaging ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Yeast Form ◽  
Melaleuca Cajuputi ◽  
Scanning Electron

Background: Cajuputs candy (CC), an Indonesian functional food, utilizes the bioactivity of Melaleuca cajuputi essential oil (MCEO) to maintain oral cavity health. Synergistic interaction between Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of early childhood caries. Our recent study revealed several alternative MCEOs as the main flavors in CC. The capacity of CC to interfere with the fungus-bacterium relationship remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate CC efficacy to impair biofilm formation by these dual cariogenic microbes. Methods: The inhibition capacity of CC against mixed-biofilm comprising C. albicans and S. mutans was assessed by quantitative (crystal violet assay, tetrazolium salt [MTT] assay, colony forming unit/mL counting, biofilm-related gene expression) and qualitative analysis (light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy). Result: Both biofilm-biomass and viable cells were significantly reduced in the presence of CC. Scanning electron microscopy imaging confirmed this inhibition capacity, demonstrating morphology alteration of C. albicans, along with reduced microcolonies of S. mutans in the biofilm mass. This finding was related to the transcription level of selected biofilm-associated genes, expressed either by C. albicans or S. mutans. Based on qPCR results, CC could interfere with the transition of C. albicans yeast form to the hyphal form, while it suppressed insoluble glucan production by S. mutans. G2 derived from Mojokerto MCEO showed the greatest inhibition activity on the relationship between these cross-kingdom oral microorganisms (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In general, all CC formulas showed biofilm inhibition capacity. Candy derived from Mojokerto MCEO showed the greatest capacity to maintain the yeast form of C. albicans and to inhibit extracellular polysaccharide production by S. mutans. Therefore, the development of dual-species biofilms can be impaired effectively by the CC tested.

Effect of Pomegranate Peel Extract onCandida albicansGrowth and Biofilm Formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-128
Author(s):  
H. Merzouk ◽  
B. Bedja ◽  
B. Benmeziane ◽  
N. Touati ◽  
M. Chibane
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Pomegranate Peel ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽  
Peel Extract

In the present work, we studied the potential antioxidant capacity and antibiofilm of pomegranate peel extract of two cultivars againstCandida albicansstrains. First, both pomegranate peel extracts were evaluated to determine their total phenolic and tannin contents. Their antioxidant activity was investigated using hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay. Acid fruit peel extract showed the most significant levels of total polyphenols (513.78 ± 1.552 mg GAE/g DE) and possessed the strongest antioxidant ability (96.32%). Next, the possible effect of the extracts onCandida albicansstrains was studied using agar diffusion method and subjected to various extracts concentrations. The zone sizes of growth inhibition showed clearly that these extracts had a good antifungal activity againstCandida albicansspecies in the following order: CA1 > CA3 > CA2 with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the range 0.97–1.94 mg/ml. Images obtained by scanning electron microscopy allowed for a qualitative assessment of the biofilm reduction.

The Effect of Resin-Based Dental Sealant Containing Vanillin on Biofilm Formation of Candida albicans

2021 ◽  
Vol 904 ◽  
pp. 277-281
Author(s):  
Boonyanit Thaweboon ◽  
Sroisiri Thaweboon
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Dental Sealants ◽  
Dental Sealant ◽  
Candida Biofilm ◽  
Childhood Caries

Early childhood caries (ECC), or baby bottle tooth decay is one of the most common chronic diseases that affect young children at 6 years of age or younger. The disease is resulted from complex interactions between tooth structures and cariogenic microorganisms in dental biofilm after exposure to fermentable carbohydrates through improper feeding practices. This leads to a rapid development of demineralization of teeth shortly after they erupt in the oral cavity. Candida albicans have been reported recently to be associated with the pathogenesis of ECC. One of the general approaches currently used for the prevention of ECC is the application of dental sealant to occlusal (chewing surface) pits and fissures of caries-susceptible teeth. Many types of dental sealants have been extensively used and various antimicrobial agents were introduced to dental sealants to increase their caries preventive effect. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of vanillin incorporated resin-based dental sealant on C. albicans biofilm. Resin-based dental sealants (Clinpro; 3M ESPE, USA) containing different concentrations of vanillin (0%, 0.5%, 1% and 5% w/v) were prepared in 96-well plate. The suspension (107 colony forming unit/mL) of each strain of Candida albicans (ATCC 10231, ATCC 18804 and 2 clinical isolates) was added to saliva-coated sealant resin samples and incubated at 37°C in 5% CO2 atmosphere for 24 h to allow the Candida biofilm formation. The quantity of vital biofilm was determined by WST Microbial Cell Counting Kit (Dojindo Molecular Technologies, USA) at 460 nm. All tests were done in triplicate and repeated three times. Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s method were used to account for multiple comparisons. Statistical significance was set at p-value less than 0.05. The results showed that 0.5-5% vanillin-incorporated dental sealant resins showed a significant suppressive effect against all strains of Candida. No significant differences of anti-biofilm effects were found among Candida strains. Approximately 30-50% Candida biofilm reduction was noticed in sealant resins containing vanillin compared with controls without vanillin. In conclusion, the adding of vanillin (0.5-5% w/v) to dental sealant resins is effective in inhibiting biofilm formation of fungus related to early childhood caries, C. albicans. Therefore, the use of dental sealants containing vanillin has the potential to prevent this type of dental caries in young children and biofilm formation by oral Candida. Further clinical studies are required to investigate physical properties of this sealant and clinical evaluation in the patients.

Impact of various finishing and polishing techniques and composite materials on Candida albicans biofilm formation

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 698-702
Author(s):  
Elif Aybala Oktay ◽  
Seyda Ersahan ◽  
Fidan Alakus Sabuncuoglu ◽  
Huseyin Tort ◽  
Serpil Karaoglanoglu
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Polishing Procedures ◽  
Candida Albicans Biofilms ◽  
Candida Biofilm

Abstract Candida albicans biofilms are commonly associated with severe oral infections. In dentistry, prosthetic and restorative materials are potential structures for the adhesion of C. albicans facilitating the formation of Candida biofilm and infection. Three composite resins (Charisma Classic, Sonic Fill, Estelite ∑ Quick) and two finishing-polishing systems (Biscover LV, Dental Finishing Disc) were evaluated for Candida biofilm formation. A Candida biofilm assay showed that both the resin and the finishing/polishing procedures affect Candida biofilm formation. Specifically, Candida biofilm formation was significantly lower in Sonic Fill resin than both Charisma Classic and Estelite ∑ Quick (P = .021). The type of finishing and polishing procedure also significantly affected the Candida biofilm formation to composite material (P &lt; .001). Candida biofilm formation was more advanced after Biscover LV procedure than Dental Finishing Disc procedure.

scholarly journals The Effect of Polyphenolics in Extracts from Natural Materials on Metabolic Activity of Metastatic Melanoma WM-266-4 Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taja Žitek ◽  
Barbara Dariš ◽  
Matjaž Finšgar ◽  
Željko Knez ◽  
Dragana Bjelić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Equisetum Arvense ◽  
Lycium Barbarum ◽  
Materials Used

The importance of natural crops in medicine and pharmacy is growing. Beside bioactive compounds used directly as therapeutic agents, there are also raw materials used for drug synthesis or as a basic model for new biologically active compounds. In this paper, the optimum conditions for material extraction of Curcuma longa, Lycium barbarum, Equisetum arvense, Vitis vinifera, and Rosmarinus officinalis were investigated to achieve high antioxidant levels. The main aim of this study was to verify the correlation between the content of antioxidants, proanthocyanidins and total phenolic substances for certain extracts from the raw materials (Curcuma longa, Lycium barbarum, Equisetum arvense, Vitis vinifera and Rosmarinus officinalis) and the reduction of the metabolic activity of skin cancer cells.

scholarly journals Modification of Surface Properties of Biomaterials Influences the Ability of Candida albicans To Form Biofilms

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 8795-8801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyotsna Chandra ◽  
Jasmine D. Patel ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Guangyin Zhou ◽  
Pranab K. Mukherjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Confocal Scanning ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser ◽  
Viable Approach

ABSTRACT Candida albicans biofilms form on indwelling medical devices (e.g., denture acrylic or intravenous catheters) and are associated with both oral and invasive candidiasis. Here, we determined whether surface modifications of polyetherurethane (Elasthane 80A [E80A]), polycarbonateurethane, and poly(ethyleneterephthalate) (PET) can influence fungal biofilm formation. Polyurethanes were modified by adding 6% polyethylene oxide (6PEO), 6% fluorocarbon, or silicone, while the PET surface was modified to generate hydrophilic, hydrophobic, cationic, or anionic surfaces. Formation of biofilm was quantified by determining metabolic activity and total biomass (dry weight), while its architecture was analyzed by confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). The metabolic activity of biofilm formed by C. albicans on 6PEO-E80A was significantly reduced (by 78%) compared to that of biofilm formed on the nonmodified E80A (optical densities of 0.054 ± 0.020 and 0.24 ± 0.10, respectively; P = 0.037). The total biomass of Candida biofilm formed on 6PEO-E80A was 74% lower than that on the nonmodified E80A surface (0.46 ± 0.15 versus 1.76 ± 0.32 mg, respectively; P = 0.003). Fungal cells were easily detached from the 6PEO-E80A surface, and we were unable to detect C. albicans biofilm on this surface by CSLM. All other surface modifications allowed formation of C. albicans biofilm, with some differences in thearchitecture. Correlation between contact angle and biofilm formation was observed for polyetherurethane substrates (r = 0.88) but not for PET biomaterials (r = −0.40). This study illustrates that surface modification is a viable approach for identifying surfaces that have antibiofilm characteristics. Investigations into the clinical utility of the identified surfaces are warranted.

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