scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds and Volatile Profiles of Five Transylvanian Wild Edible Mushrooms

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda Fogarasi ◽  
Sonia Socaci ◽  
Francisc Dulf ◽  
Zorița Diaconeasa ◽  
Anca Fărcaș ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Pattern ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Edible Mushrooms ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dodecanoic Acid ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Wild Edible Mushrooms ◽  
Boletus Edulis

This study aimed to determine the chemical composition, fatty acids, volatile profile and phenolic compounds profiles from five wild edible mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Cantharellus cibarius, Boletus edulis, Lactarius piperatus) from Romania. The results indicated that the dried fruiting bodies of selected mushrooms were rich in proteins (36.24 g/100 g dw-Boletus edulis) and carbohydrates (62.45 g/100 g dw-Lactarius piperatus). 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid and cinnamic acid, were the main phenolic compound present in all selected species. Additionally, the fatty acid pattern included polyunsaturated acids in more than 60% of all fatty acids followed by monounsaturated fatty acids (30%). For the studied mushroom samples, the main volatile compounds identified by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were hexanal, benzaldehyde and dodecanoic acid. According to the obtained results, the fruiting bodies of selected Romanian mushrooms are a rich source of bioactive molecules indicating that they may be further exploited as functional ingredients in the composition of innovative food products.

scholarly journals Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Growth Conditions Modify Biomolecole Production in the Microalga Galdieria sulphuraria (Cyanidiophyceae, Rhodophyta)

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Roberto Barone ◽  
Lorenzo De Napoli ◽  
Luciano Mayol ◽  
Marina Paolucci ◽  
Maria Grazia Volpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Galdieria Sulphuraria ◽  
Trophic Conditions ◽  
Carbon Mass

Algae have multiple similarities with fungi, with both belonging to the Thallophyte, a polyphyletic group of non-mobile organisms grouped together on the basis of similar characteristics, but not sharing a common ancestor. The main difference between algae and fungi is noted in their metabolism. In fact, although algae have chlorophyll-bearing thalloids and are autotrophic organisms, fungi lack chlorophyll and are heterotrophic, not able to synthesize their own nutrients. However, our studies have shown that the extremophilic microalga Galderia sulphuraria (GS) can also grow very well in heterotrophic conditions like fungi. This study was carried out using several approaches such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and infrared spectrophotometry (ATR-FTIR). Results showed that the GS, strain ACUF 064, cultured in autotrophic (AGS) and heterotrophic (HGS) conditions, produced different biomolecules. In particular, when grown in HGS, the algae (i) was 30% larger, with an increase in carbon mass that was 20% greater than AGS; (ii) produced higher quantities of stearic acid, oleic acid, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and ergosterol; (iii) produced lower quantities of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) such as methyl palmytate, and methyl linoleate, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and poyliunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). ATR-FTIR and principal component analysis (PCA) statistical analysis confirmed that the macromolecular content of HGS was significantly different from AGS. The ability to produce different macromolecules by changing the trophic conditions may represent an interesting strategy to induce microalgae to produce different biomolecules that can find applications in several fields such as food, feed, nutraceutical, or energy production.

scholarly journals In vitro Cultivation of Newly Reported Wild Edible Mushroom Volvariella bomybycina from Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Pradip Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Mitesh Shrestha ◽  
Bal Hari Poudel ◽  
Mahesh Kumar Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Edible Mushrooms ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Wild Edible Mushrooms ◽  
Tissue Culture Method ◽  
Wild Edible Mushroom

Wild edible mushrooms are becoming endangered all over the world. Very few wild edible mushrooms are found in natural habitat. Volvariella bombycina is an edible and medicinal mushroom. The mushroom was collected in natural habitat growing on Populus tree. Mycelium of the mushroom was developed in PDA slant tubes by tissue culture method, incubated at 25°C for 1-2 weeks. Spawn was developed in wheat grains after incubation at 25°C for 2-3 weeks. Substrates were formulated for the development of fruiting bodies by combination of paddy straw, saw dust and rice husk. Fruiting bodies of V. bombycina was cultivated in these substrates after incubation at 28 ± 2°C for 2-4 weeks. The work describes the optimized process for in vitro culture of wild edible mushroom Volvariella bomybycina.Nepal Journal of Biotechnology. Dec. 2017 Vol. 5, No. 1: 27-31

scholarly journals d-Alanylcardiolipin, a Major Component of the Unique Lipid Pattern of Vagococcus fluvialis

1998 ◽  
Vol 180 (11) ◽  
pp. 2950-2957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Fischer ◽  
Doris Arneth-Seifert
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Fatty Acid Pattern ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Straight Chain ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Lipid Pattern ◽  
Animal Feces

Motile group N streptococci, classified as Vagococcus fluvialis, have been isolated from cows’ udders, human and animal feces, river water, and seawater. They possess an unusual membrane lipid and fatty acid pattern. We isolated and characterized 13 polar lipids, 8 of them also found in other gram-positive bacteria: mono- and dihexosyldiacylglycerol, an acylated and a glycerophosphate-substituted derivative of the latter, cardiolipin, phosphatidylglycerol, d-alanylphosphatidylglycerol, andl-lysylphosphatidylglycerol. Besides them, we characterized two rare compounds, bis(acylglycero)phosphate and α-d-glucopyranosylcardiolipin, and two compounds so far not detected in nature, d-alanylbis(acylglycero)phosphate and d-alanylcardiolipin. The concomitant occurrence of four aminoacyl phospholipids in one organism is another unique finding. Substituted cardiolipins represent a novel lipid class: in vagococci,d-alanylcardiolipin is a major membrane lipid component, contributing 11 and 26 mol% of total lipids in the exponential and stationary phases of growth, respectively. The vagococcal lipids contain even-numbered straight-chain saturated andcis-monounsaturated fatty acids, but thecis-monoenic acids belong to the ω-9 series and not the ω-7 series, found in enterococci, lactococci, and streptococci.

Fecal metabolome and microflora differences between colorectal cancer patients and healthy adults.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11050-11050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Weir ◽  
Robert Frederick Marschke ◽  
Regina J. Brown ◽  
Joanne O'Malia ◽  
Erica Dickson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
454 Pyrosequencing ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients

11050 Background: High throughput genomic technologies such as 454 pyrosequencing and metabolomics platforms are now available to explore the relationships between gastrointestinal microflora, metabolism and colorectal cancer (CRC). Recent efforts to characterize the colorectal cancer microbiome have led to the identification of numerous bacteria whose presence or absence is associated with diseased tissue. Methods: Stool samples were collected from 10 healthy adults and 11 colorectal cancer patients prior to surgery at the University of Colorado Health-Poudre Valley Hospital in Fort Collins, CO. Fecal samples were processed for isolation of microbial DNA and sequenced using the 454 pyrosequencing platform. Metabolites were extracted using acidified water for short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and 3:2:2 isopropanol:acetonitrile:water to obtain global metabolite profiles utilizing Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: There were no significant differences in the overall microbial community structure associated with disease state, but several bacterial genera, particularly butyrate-producing species, were under-represented in the CRC samples, while a mucin-degrading species, Akkermansia muciniphila, was about 4-fold higher in CRC (p<0.01). Consequently, the chemoprotective SCFA, butyrate, was significantly lower in CRC samples than in those from healthy adults (p<0.0001) and GC-MS profiling revealed that there were higher levels of amino acids in stool samples from CRC patients and higher poly and monounsaturated fatty acids in stool from healthy adults (p<0.01). Conclusions: This systems biology approach may allow us to identify functional groups of gastrointestinal bacteria and their associated metabolites as novel therapeutic and chemopreventive targets. The Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station, Shipley Foundation and the NIH R03CA150070 supported this work.

scholarly journals A Data Mining Approach to Improve Inorganic Characterization of Amanita ponderosa Mushrooms

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cátia Salvador ◽  
M. Rosário Martins ◽  
Henrique Vicente ◽  
A. Teresa Caldeira
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Edible Mushrooms ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Wild Edible Mushrooms ◽  
Data Mining Approach ◽  
Inorganic Composition ◽  
Soil Substrates

Amanita ponderosa are wild edible mushrooms that grow in some microclimates of Iberian Peninsula. Gastronomically this species is very relevant, due to not only the traditional consumption by the rural populations but also its commercial value in gourmet markets. Mineral characterisation of edible mushrooms is extremely important for certification and commercialization processes. In this study, we evaluate the inorganic composition of Amanita ponderosa fruiting bodies (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, Ag, Al, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) and their respective soil substrates from 24 different sampling sites of the southwest Iberian Peninsula (e.g., Alentejo, Andalusia, and Extremadura). Mineral composition revealed high content in macroelements, namely, potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium. Mushrooms showed presence of important trace elements and low contents of heavy metals within the limits of RDI. Bioconcentration was observed for some macro- and microelements, such as K, Cu, Zn, Mg, P, Ag, and Cd. A. ponderosa fruiting bodies showed different inorganic profiles according to their location and results pointed out that it is possible to generate an explanatory model of segmentation, performed with data based on the inorganic composition of mushrooms and soil mineral content, showing the possibility of relating these two types of data.

scholarly journals Valorization of Wild Apple (Malus spp.) By-Products as a Source of Essential Fatty Acids, Tocopherols and Phytosterols with Antimicrobial Activity

Plants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitalijs Radenkovs ◽  
Jorens Kviesis ◽  
Karina Juhnevica-Radenkova ◽  
Anda Valdovska ◽  
Tõnu Püssa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds ◽  
By Products

The amplified production of fruit as well as burgeoning demand for plant-made food products have resulted in a sharp increase of waste. Currently, millions of tons of by-products are either being discarded or utilized rather ineffectively. However, these by-products may be processed and further incorporated as functional ingredients in making high-value food products with many physiological and biochemical effects. The chemical analysis of pomace oils using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and reversed-phase-liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detector (RP-HPLC/FLD) systems led to the identification and quantification of 56 individual lipophilic compounds including unsaturated, polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids, as well as phytosterols and four homologs of tocopherol. The oils recovered from by-products of Malus spp. (particularly cv. “Ola”) are rich in fatty acids such as linolenic (57.8%), α-linolenic (54.3%), and oleic (25.5%). The concentration of total tocopherols varied among the Malus species and dessert apples investigated, representing the range of 16.8–30.9 mg mL−1. The highest content of total tocopherols was found in M. Bernu prieks, followed by M. cv. “Ola”, and M. × Soulardii pomace oils. A significantly higher amount of δ-tocopherol was established in the oil of M. Bernu prieks, indicating that this species could be utilized as a natural and cheap source of bioactive molecules. β-Sitosterol was the prevalent compound determined in all tested pomace oils with a percentage distribution of 10.3–94.5%. The main triterpene identified in the oils was lupeol, which varied in the range of 0.1–66.3%. A targeted utilization of apple pomace would facilitate management of tons of by-products and benefit the environment and industry.

scholarly journals PROFIL ASAM LEMAK MINYAK IKAN SELAR (Selaroides leptolesis) DENGAN BERBAGAI LEVEL PENAMBAHAN BUBUK KEMANGI (Ocimum bacilicum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Minarny Gobel ◽  
Anita Treisya Aristawati ◽  
Steven Yoputra
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

This study aimed to know the profile and composition of fatty acid consisting of polyunsaturated fatty acid content (PUFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and saturated fatty acid (SFA) in selar fish oil (selaroides leptolesis) with various levels of basil powder (Ocimum basilicum)². The research was conducted at the Animal Product Technology Laboratory, Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Fisheries of Tadulako University. The research using 4 treatments and 3 replications with treatment M0 = 10 ml fish oil + 0% Basil Powder, M1 = 10 ml fish oil + 2% Basil Powder, M2 = 10 ml fish oil + 4% Basil Powder, M3 = 10 ml fish oil + 6% Basil Powder, each treatment repeated 3 times so that there are 12 experimental units. Fatty acid profile analysis using GCMS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), conducted in Organic Chemistry Laboratory of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences UGM Jogjakarta. The results of this study showed that 10 ml fish oil with various levels of basil powder added 18 types of fatty acids belonging to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and saturated fatty acids (SFA). It can be concluded that the addition of 6% powder of basil can defend SFA and increase MUFA and PUFA.

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