scholarly journals Co-Application of Milk Tea Waste and NPK Fertilizers to Improve Sandy Soil Biochemical Properties and Wheat Growth

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanveer Sial ◽  
Jiao Liu ◽  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Muhammad Khan ◽  
Zhilong Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Tea Waste

Desert soil is one of the most severe conditions which negatively affect the environment and crop growth production in arid land. The application of organic amendments with inorganic fertilizers is an economically viable and environmentally comprehensive method to develop sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to assess whether milk tea waste (TW) amendment combined with chemical fertilizer (F) application can be used to improve the biochemical properties of sandy soil and wheat growth. The treatments included control without amendment (T1), chemical fertilizers (T2), TW 2.5% + F (T3), TW 5% + F (T4) and TW 10% + F (T5). The results showed that the highest chlorophyll (a and b) and carotenoids, shoot and root dry biomass, and leaf area index (LAI) were significantly (p < 0.05) improved with all amendment treatments. However, the highest root total length, root surface area, root volume and diameter were recorded for T4 among all treatments. The greater uptake of N, P, and K contents for T4 increased for the shoot by 68.9, 58.3, and 57.1%, and for the root by 65.7, 34.3, and 47.4% compared to the control, respectively. Compared with the control, T5 treatment decreased the soil pH significantly (p < 0.05) and increased soil enzyme activities such as urease (95.2%), β-glucosidase (81.6%) and dehydrogenase (97.2%), followed by T4, T3, and T2. Our findings suggested that the integrated use of milk tea waste and chemical fertilizers is a suitable amendment method for improving the growth and soil fertility status of sandy soils.

scholarly journals Direct Seeding and Transplanting Influence Root Dynamics, Morpho-Physiology, Yield, and Head Quality of Globe Artichoke

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 899
Author(s):  
Daniel I. Leskovar ◽  
Yahia A. Othman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Globe Artichoke ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Direct Seeded

The objective of this two-year field study was to assess the influence of stand establishment methods (direct seeding or transplanting) on root growth dynamics, shoot morphology, leaf physiology, yield, and quality of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus). Three artichoke cultivars were evaluated, ‘Green Globe Improved’ (GGI), ‘Imperial Star’ (IS), and ‘Romolo’ (ROM). Plants established with the transplanting method had higher mean root length intensity (La), root length, and root surface area as compared to plants established by direct seeding. The topsoil (0–20 cm) had on average higher La, root length, and root surface area than deeper soil profiles. Transplanted plants had higher plant shoot width and leaf area index (LAI) chlorophyll content index (SPAD) than direct seeded plants at the vegetative stage in 2015. The improvement of root and shoot growth in transplants (compared to direct seeding) also resulted in higher (p < 0.05) marketable yield (21.1 vs. 19.9 ton ha−1 in 2015 and 18.3 vs. 13.7 ton ha−1 in 2016). Additionally, 46–50% of the total yield occurred during the first 30 days of harvest in the transplanting method compared to 13–38% for direct seeding. No significant differences were found between planting methods or cultivars in leaf-level gas exchange (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration) and cynarin concentration in the marketable heads. Although chlorogenic acid was similar in both establishment methods in 2015, direct seeding had higher concentration in 2016. Comparing cultivars, GGI had higher root length, surface area, root volume, and earlier and higher marketable yield than ROM. However, ROM had higher mean root length intensity (La; total root length per specific area in soil profile) than GGI in both growing seasons. This study showed significant and consistent improvements in root and shoot traits, and yield for transplants as compared to direct seeded plants.

scholarly journals Effects of Organic Amendments Produced from Agro-Wastes on Sandy Soil Properties and Black Pepper Morpho-Physiology and Yield

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1738
Author(s):  
Kevin Muyang Tawie Sulok ◽  
Osumanu Haruna Ahmed ◽  
Choy Yuen Khew ◽  
Jarroop Augustine Mercer Zehnder ◽  
Pei Sing Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Better Than

Sandy-textured soil infertility poses a problem for sustainable crop cultivation. This problem is usually dealt with by the addition of chemical fertilizers, which are expensive and can cause serious environmental issues if not managed well. A better alternative to improve and manage sandy soil infertility is the use of organic amendments produced from agro-wastes. This two (2)-year field study was conducted in a sandy-textured soil grown with black pepper to evaluate mainly the effects of chemical fertilizer, fermented plant and fruit juices, compost, and biochar on soil properties and morpho-physiological characteristics and yield of black pepper. Generally, the results indicated that the combination of fermented fruit juice, compost, and biochar was comparable to and in some cases better than chemical fertilizer in terms of soil physical, chemical, and biological properties as well as crop performance. These findings were even more pronounced in the second year of measurements. There were strong positive relationships between soil N and pepper leaf chlorophyll content and between soil microbes and soil respiration. The findings showed that these soil amendments produced from agro-wastes are a good alternative to the use of chemical fertilizers on sandy soils to improve soil fertility and productivity and the yield of black pepper sustainably.

scholarly journals Application of manures reduces inorganic fertilizers requirement for maize grown in a sandy soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 913 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
G A A P Kreshnadhi ◽  
I K D Jaya ◽  
B B Santoso ◽  
W Wangiyana ◽  
H Suheri
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Total N ◽  
Maize Plants

Abstract The use of inorganic fertilizers with high doses is not recommended in the sustainable maize production program. The present study aimed to evaluate soil chemical properties and growth of maize plants treated with several types of manure to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers in sandy soil. An experiment was conducted in dryland with pumped deep-well water in Gumantar Village, North Lombok Regency, from May to July 2021. There were three types of manure tested: cow, poultry, and goat manures (20 ton/ha) treated with and without BeKa decomposer. All the manure treatments received 75% of chemical fertilizers applied in the control treatment (500 kg of urea and 380 kg/ha of NPK Phonska). The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with three replicates. The results showed that the poultry manure treatments, with and without decomposer, increased soil pH significantly. This increase improved soil chemical properties, such as available P and K. Plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index at silking, and total N in leaf tissue, were not significantly different among the treatments. These results showed that the application of manures, with or without decomposer, could substitute 25% of the inorganic fertilizers needed by maize plants grown in sandy soil.

scholarly journals Impact of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the yield and quality of silage corn intercropped with soybean

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Baghdadi ◽  
Ridzwan A. Halim ◽  
Ali Ghasemzadeh ◽  
Mohd Fauzi Ramlan ◽  
Siti Zaharah Sakimin
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Area Index

Background Corn silage is an important feed for intense ruminant production, but the growth of corn relies heavily on the use of chemical fertilizers. Sustainable crop production requires careful management of all nutrient sources available on a farm, particularly in corn-based cropping systems. Methods Experiments were conducted to determine the appropriate technique of corn-legume intercropping in conjunction with the supplemental use of chemical fertilizers, organic manure, and biofertilizers (BFs). Acetylene reduction assays (ARAs) were also performed on corn and soybean roots. Results Combining chemical fertilizers with chicken manure (CM) in a 50:50 ratio and applying 50% NPK+50% CM+BF produced fresh forage and dry matter (DM) yields that were similar to those produced in the 100% nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) treatment. Among the lone fertilizer treatments, the inorganic fertilizer (100% NPK) treatment produced the highest DM yield (13.86 t/ha) of forage and outyielded the 100% CM (9.74 t/ha) treatment. However, when CM was combined with NPK, the resulting DM yield of forage (13.86 t/ha) was the same as that resulting from 100% NPK (13.68 t/ha). Compared with CM applications alone, combinations of NPK and CM applications resulted in increased plant height, crop growth rates (CGRs) and leaf area index (LAI), but the values of these parameters were similar to those resulting from 100% NPK application. Fertilizers in which the ratio was 50% CM+50% NPK or 50% CM+50% NPK+BF resulted in protein yields that were similar to those resulting from conventional fertilizers. Similarly, the CP content did not significantly differ between applications of the 100% NPK and 50% CM+50% NPK fertilizers. The use of BFs had no significant impact on improving either the yield or quality of forage fertilized with inorganic or organic fertilizer. Lactic acid responded differently to different fertilizer applications and was significantly higher in the fertilized plots than in the unfertilized plots. Compared with treatments of lone chemical and lone organic manure fertilizers, treatments involving applications of BF and a combination of BF and NPK or CM resulted in higher ARA values. Discussion There is no simple and easy approach to increase biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in grain legumes grown as part of a cropping system under realistic farm field conditions. Overall, evidence recorded from this study proves that, compared with corn monocrops combined with CM and chemical fertilizers, corn-soybean intercrops could increase forage yields and quality, produce higher total protein yields, and reduce the need for protein supplements and chemical fertilizers.

scholarly journals Effects of Ridge Tillage and Straw Mulching on Cultivation the Fresh Faba Beans

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1054
Author(s):  
Bo Li ◽  
Xinyu Chen ◽  
Xiaoxu Shi ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Yafeng Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Straw Mulching ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Ridge Tillage

Ridge tillage is an effective agronomic practice and a miniature precision agriculture; however, its effects on the growth of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) are poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the effect of ridge tillage and straw mulching on the root growth, nutrient accumulation and yield of faba beans. Field experiments were conducted during 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons and comprised four treatments: ridge tillage without any mulching (RT), flat tillage without any mulch (FT), flat tillage with rice straw mulched on the ridge tillage (FTRSM) and ridge tillage with rice straw mulched on the ridge tillage (RTRSM). The RT and RTRSM increased soil temperature and decreased soil humidity and improved soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter. RT and RTRSM increased the root length density, root surface area, root diameter and root activity of faba beans at flowering and harvest periods. The RT and RTRSM also increased the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium absorption and the yield of faba beans. These results indicated that ridge tillage and straw mulching affect faba bean growth by improving soil moisture conditions and providing good air permeability and effective soil nutrition supply. This study provides a theoretical basis for the high yield cultivation improvement of faba beans.

Linking bacterial community to aggregate fractions with organic amendments in a sandy soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (15) ◽  
pp. 1828-1839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongcui Dai ◽  
Huadong Zang ◽  
Yingxing Zhao ◽  
Xin Qian ◽  
Kaichang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Aggregate Fractions

scholarly journals Individual and Interactive Temporal Implications of UV-B Radiation and Elevated CO2 on the Morphology of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
T. Casey Barickman ◽  
Skyler Brazel ◽  
Akanksha Sehgal ◽  
C. Hunt Walne ◽  
Wei Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Surface Wax ◽  
Radiation Treatments

Temporal and spatial variations in ozone levels and temporal changes in solar radiation greatly influence ultraviolet radiation incidence to crops throughout their growth, yet the interactive effects of CO2 and UV-B radiation on Basil production under sunlight environmental conditions has not been studied. Basil ‘Genovese’ plants grown under sunlit plant growth chambers were subjected to a combination of supplemental UV-B (0 and 10 kJ m−2d−1) and ambient (420 ppm) and elevated (720 ppm) CO2 treatments for 38 days after 14 days of germination. UV-B radiation treatments caused a decrease in basil stem branching, fresh mass, and stem dry mass under both CO2 treatments when harvested after 17 and 38 days of treatment. There was also an increase in basil leaf surface wax under UV-B (10 kJ m−2d−1) treatment compared to controls (0 kJ m−2d−1). Elevated CO2 treatments caused a decrease in morphological features, including specific leaf area and fresh mass. Interactive effects between UV-B and CO2 treatments existed for some morphological features, including plant height, root surface area, and average root diameter. Understanding the impacts that CO2 and UV-B radiation treatments have on basilcan improve existing varieties for increased tolerance while simultaneously improving yield, plant morphology, and physiology.

scholarly journals Effect of Aqueous Neem Leaf Extracts in Controlling Fusarium Wilt, Soil Physicochemical Properties and Growth Performance of Banana (Musa spp.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12335
Author(s):  
Ung Yi ◽  
Sakimin Siti Zaharah ◽  
Siti Izera Ismail ◽  
Mohamed Hanafi Musa
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

Neem leaf extracts (NLEs) have frequently been used to inhibit plant diseases and for the development of bio-fertilizer, leading to the commercial exploitation of this tree. However, previous studies have indicated contradictory outcomes when NLE was used as an antifungal disease treatment and bio-fertilizer applied through the soil on several crops, including banana. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to examine the physicochemical properties of soil, the growth performance of crops, and the severity of diseases caused by Fusarium oxysporum (Foc) on Cavendish bananas treated with aqueous NLE. Banana plants associated with the fungus were significantly affected by high disease severity and symptoms index (external leaves and internal rhizome), a high infection percentage of Fusarium wilt (%), dropping off of leaves as well as rotting of the root. Meanwhile, it was observed that the application of extract significantly improved the crop height, stem diameter, root size and distribution (root surface area, root diameter, and root volume), root–shoot ratio, as well as the soil physicochemical properties (CEC, N, p, K, Ca, and Mg), which enhanced resistance to Fusarium wilt diseases. We conclude that the application of NLE solution promotes better growth of Cavendish banana plants, soil physicochemical properties, and resistance to Fusarium wilt infection.

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