A Membrane-Based Process for the Recovery of Glycyrrhizin and Phenolic Compounds from Licorice Wastewaters

In this work, the use of polymeric ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes was investigated in order to recover glycyrrhizin and phenolic compounds from licorice wastewaters. Filtration experiments were performed on a laboratory scale using four polyamide thin-film composite membranes (GK, GH, GE, and DK, from GE Osmonics) with different molecular weight cut-offs (from 150 to 3500 Da). The permeate flux and retention values of glycyrrhizin, the total polyphenols, the caffeic acid, the total carbohydrate, and the total antioxidant activity as a function of the transmembrane pressure (TMP) and weight reduction factor (WRF) were evaluated. In selected operating conditions, the membrane productivity decreased in the order of GK > DK > GH > GE, with a similar trend to that of water permeability. Glycyrrhizin was totally rejected by selected membranes, independently of TMP and WRF. For the other antioxidant compounds, the retention values increased by increasing both of the parameters. According to the experimental results, a combination of membranes in a sequential design was proposed as a viable approach to produce concentrated fractions enriched in bioactive compounds and purified water from licorice wastewater.

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Coupling Ultrafiltration-Based Processes to Concentrate Phenolic Compounds from Aqueous Goji Berry Extracts

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25163761 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (16) ◽

pp. 3761

Author(s):

Carmela Conidi ◽

Enrico Drioli ◽

Alfredo Cassano

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Transmembrane Pressure ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Cleaning Efficiency ◽

Lycium Barbarum ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Total Carbohydrates ◽

Uf Membranes ◽

Berry Extracts

In this work, a membrane-based process for the purification and concentration of antioxidant compounds from aqueous Goji (Lycium barbarum L.) berry extracts was investigated. The aqueous extract was previously clarified with hollow fiber ultrafiltration (UF) membranes in order to remove suspended solids and β-carotene and to produce a clarified extract enriched in phenolic compounds. Then, three UF flat sheet polyamide membranes with a molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) in the range 1000–3500 Da were tested to purify and concentrate phenolic compounds from the clarified extract. The effect of MWCO and transmembrane pressure (TMP) on the performance of selected membranes in terms of productivity and selectivity towards total dissolved solids (TDS), total phenolic compounds (TPC), total carbohydrates (TC) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) was evaluated. Experimental results indicated that the 2500 Da membrane exhibited a lower fouling index, higher cleaning efficiency, lower rejection towards carbohydrates (lower than 30%) and higher rejection towards phenolic compounds (higher than 50%) in comparison to the other investigated membranes. The inclusion of a diafiltration process in the treatment of the clarified extract with this membrane in a spiral-wound configuration improved the concentration of sugar compounds in the permeate stream and increased the purification of phenolic compounds in the retentate fraction.

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Investigation of ciprofloxacin removal from aqueous solution by nanofiltration process

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.001895 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 291-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Ph Value ◽

Applied Pressure ◽

Reduction Factor ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Transmembrane Pressure ◽

Permeate Flux ◽

Dead End ◽

Filtration System ◽

Membrane Type ◽

Stirred Cell

<div> 10 mg l-1 and the permeate flux behavior during dead-end stirred-cell filtration system using six type of commercially available loose and tight NF membranes (NP010, NP030, NF90, NF270, CK3001 and DS-5DK). The rejection of CIPRO and permeate flux value were evaluated according to the effects of different parameters such as volume reduction factor (VRF), membrane type, transmembrane pressure (TMP) and pH. Contact angle and SEM measurements were also performed for the analysis of the pollution occurring in the pores and on the surfaces of the membranes. Filtration experiments for all membranes used indicated that the flux reached the steady state at VRF 3. CIPRO rejection was found to vary especially with both pH and membrane tightness. Despite the fact that, the loose NF membranes showed poor and variable CIPRO removal, the highest rejection was obtained with NF90 tight membrane at the original pH value (pH 5.65) and 10 bar of applied pressure. NF90 membrane achieved 98.3% TOC, 98.9% COD, 96.9% TDS and 95.7% Ec rejections at 24.39 L m-2 h-1 permeate flux at the predefined operating conditions.  </div>

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A Combination of Aqueous Extraction and Polymeric Membranes as a Sustainable Process for the Recovery of Polyphenols from Olive Mill Solid Wastes

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11111868 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1868 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Conidi ◽

Egea-Corbacho ◽

Cassano

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Food Additives ◽

Practical Interest ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Transmembrane Pressure ◽

Permeate Flux ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Uf Membranes ◽

Olive Mill

Polyamide commercial membranes in flat-sheet configuration and with molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) in the range of ultrafiltration (UF) to nanofiltration (NF) were tested for the recovery of phenolic compounds from clarified olive mill solid waste (OMSW) aqueous extracts. The performance of selected membranes was evaluated in terms of productivity (permeate flux) and selectivity towards biologically active compounds (such as phenolic compounds, flavanols, and hydroxycinnamic acids derivatives) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) as a function of transmembrane pressure (TMP). NF membranes produced higher permeate fluxes and a lower fouling index in comparison with UF membranes. Retention of bioactive compounds was also significantly higher for NF membranes than for UF membranes. In particular, membranes with MWCO in the range 150–500 Da showed rejection towards flavanols and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives of about 100%. On the other hand, the rejection towards TAA and total polyphenols was of about 90% and 72%, respectively. Therefore, NF retentate fractions appear of practical interest for the production of food additives and food supplements due to their high antioxidant activity.

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Data-driven Modelling of Microfiltration Process with Embedded Static Mixer for Steepwater from Corn Starch Industry

Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering ◽

10.3311/ppch.10400 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Laslo Šereš ◽

Ljubica Dokić ◽

Bojana Ikonić ◽

Dragana Šoronja-Simović ◽

Miljana Djordjević ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Corn Starch ◽

Desirability Function ◽

Specific Energy Consumption ◽

Cross Flow ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Transmembrane Pressure ◽

Static Mixer ◽

Permeate Flux ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Starch Industry

Cross-flow microfiltration using ceramic tubular membrane was applied for treatment of steepwater from corn starch industry. Experiments are conducted according to the faced centered central composite design at three different transmembrane pressures (1, 2 and 3 bar) and cross-flow velocities (100, 150 and 200 L/h) with and without the usage of Kenics static mixer. For examination of the influence of the selected operating conditions at which usage of the static mixer is justified, a response surface methodology and desirability function approach were used. Obtained results showed improvement in the average permeate flux by using Kenics static mixer for 211 % to 269 % depending on experimental conditions when compared to the system without the static mixer. As a result of optimization, the best results considering flux improvement as well as reduction of specific energy consumption were obtained at low transmembrane pressure and lower feed cross-flow rates.

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KNT-artificial neural network model for flux prediction of ultrafiltration membrane producing drinking water

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2004.0499 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 50 (8) ◽

pp. 103-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H.K. Oh ◽

M.J. Yu ◽

E.M. Gwon ◽

J.Y. Koo ◽

S.G. Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Experimental Data ◽

Artificial Neural Network ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Network Model ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Transmembrane Pressure ◽

Feed Water ◽

Permeate Flux ◽

Artificial Neural

This paper describes the prediction of flux behavior in an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane system using a Kalman neuro training (KNT) network model. The experimental data was obtained from operating a pilot plant of hollow fiber UF membrane with groundwater for 7 months. The network was trained using operating conditions such as inlet pressure, filtration duration, and feed water quality parameters including turbidity, temperature and UV254. Pre-processing of raw data allowed the normalized input data to be used in sigmoid activation functions. A neural network architecture was structured by modifying the number of hidden layers, neurons and learning iterations. The structure of KNT-neural network with 3 layers and 5 neurons allowed a good prediction of permeate flux by 0.997 of correlation coefficient during the learning phase. Also the validity of the designed model was evaluated with other experimental data not used during the training phase and nonlinear flux behavior was accurately estimated with 0.999 of correlation coefficient and a lower error of prediction in the testing phase. This good flux prediction can provide preliminary criteria in membrane design and set up the proper cleaning cycle in membrane operation. The KNT-artificial neural network is also expected to predict the variation of transmembrane pressure during filtration cycles and can be applied to automation and control of full scale treatment plants.

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Removal of Monoethanolamine from Wastewater by Composite Reverse Osmosis Membrane

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v68.3031 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 68 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Azry Borhan ◽

Muhammad Muhibbudin Mat Johari

Keyword(s):

Reverse Osmosis ◽

Operating Parameter ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Optimum Operating ◽

Transmembrane Pressure ◽

Processing Plant ◽

Permeate Flux ◽

Feed Concentration ◽

Desorption Process ◽

Ro Membrane

Monoethanolamine (MEA) has been vastly used for the removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) in natural gas processing plant. However, during the absorption-desorption process and maintenance activities, a small amount of amine get carries over and discharged into the effluent wastewater stream. Due to its high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and require large volume of water for dilution, therefore treatment of MEA contaminated wastewater is a major concern in most amine sweetening plants. In this research, MEA wastewater generated from PETRONAS Fertilizer Kedah Sdn. Bhd (PFK) was treated via AFC99 tubular thin film composite polyamide Reverse Osmosis (RO) membrane. The effect of operating parameter (transmembrane pressure (TMP), feed concentration and pH) towards permeate flux and MEA rejection were studied to obtain the optimum operating conditions. Experimental results showed that AFC99 membrane is able to reject MEA up to 98% when operated at TMP of 20 bars, feed concentration of 300 ppm and pH of 4. This work shows that the RO membrane was feasible and desirable to be used for removal of MEA contaminants from wastewater. Besides, the treated water fulfills the watering standards.

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Performance Evaluation of Tight Ultrafiltration Membrane Systems at Pilot Scale for Agave Fructans Fractionation and Purification

Membranes ◽

10.3390/membranes10100261 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 261

Author(s):

Noe Luiz-Santos ◽

Rogelio Prado-Ramírez ◽

Enrique Arriola-Guevara ◽

Rosa-María Camacho-Ruiz ◽

Lorena Moreno-Vilet

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Ceramic Membranes ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Polymeric Membrane ◽

Transmembrane Pressure ◽

Hydraulic Permeability ◽

Distribution Analysis ◽

Permeate Flux ◽

Membrane Systems

Ceramic and polymeric membrane systems were compared at the pilot scale for separating agave fructans into different molecular weight fractions that help to diversify them into more specific industrial applications. The effect of the transmembrane pressure of ultrafiltration performance was evaluated through hydraulic permeability, permeate flux and rejection coefficients, using the same operating conditions such as temperature, feed concentration and the molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of membranes. The fouling phenomenon and the global yield of the process were evaluated in concentration mode. A size distribution analysis of agave fructans is presented and grouped by molecular weight in different fractions. Great differences were found between both systems, since rejection coefficients of 68.6% and 100% for fructans with degrees of polymerization (DP) > 10, 36.3% and 99.3% for fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and 21.4% and 34.2% for mono-disaccharides were obtained for ceramic and polymeric membrane systems, respectively. Thus, ceramic membranes are better for use in the fractionation process since they reached a purity of 42.2% of FOS with a yield of 40.1% in the permeate and 78.23% for fructans with DP > 10 and a yield of 70% in the retentate. Polymeric membranes make for an efficient fructan purification process, eliminating only mono-disaccharides, and reaching a 97.7% purity (considering both fructan fractions) with a yield of 64.3% in the retentate.

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Recovery of Aromatics from Orange Juice Evaporator Condensate Streams by Reverse Osmosis

Membranes ◽

10.3390/membranes10050092 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 92

Author(s):

Fitim Destani ◽

Attilio Naccarato ◽

Antonio Tagarelli ◽

Alfredo Cassano

Keyword(s):

Reverse Osmosis ◽

Orange Juice ◽

Volume Concentration ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Aromatic Polyamide ◽

Aroma Compounds ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Transmembrane Pressure ◽

Operating Pressure ◽

Permeate Flux

The aim of this work was to analyze the potential of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes in the recovery and concentration of aroma compounds from orange juice evaporator condensate (EC) streams. Concentration experiments were performed by using three RO spiral-wound aromatic polyamide membranes (SG1812C-34D, SC1812C-34D and SE1812) with different NaCl rejections. The effect of transmembrane pressure, axial feed flowrate and volume concentration ratio (VCR) on permeate flux was studied. Rejections of the investigated membranes towards specific aroma compounds (octanol, α-terpineol, terpinen-4-ol, cis-carveol, karvon, linalool) in selected operating conditions were also evaluated. The concentrations of the aroma compounds were determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) as a sample preparation approach. For all selected membranes, the permeate flux increased linearly by increasing the operating pressure from 5 to 25 bar; on the other hand, the feed flowrate did not have any significant effect on the permeate flux. High retention values towards aroma compounds (>80%) were measured for all selected membranes. However, the SC membrane showed the highest rejection values (>96%) and the best correlation between concentration factor of aroma compounds and VCR.

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Assessing Reverse Osmosis for Water Recycling in Alcoholic Fermentation Processes

International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering ◽

10.2202/1542-6580.2104 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marjorie Gavach ◽

Camille Sagne ◽

Claire Fargues ◽

Marielle Bouix ◽

Martine Decloux ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reverse Osmosis ◽

Alcoholic Fermentation ◽

Tap Water ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Reduction Factor ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Transmembrane Pressure ◽

Inhibitory Compounds ◽

Fermentation Stage ◽

Rejection Rates

Recycling the stillage condensates to dilute worts in the fermentation stage would be an effective way to decrease wastewater production and ground water consumption. However, condensates contain fermentation inhibiting solutes, such as volatile acids, alcohols and aromatic compounds that should be removed. Reverse osmosis was investigated as a clean process for such a purpose. Pilot scale experiments were carried out with industrial condensates and using Hydranautics ESPA2 membrane. The influence of transmembrane pressure (TMP), volume reduction factor (VRF) and pH on permeate flow rate and rejection rates of inhibitory compounds were investigated. The optimal operating conditions were TMP=10 bar to get the maximal admissible permeate flow, a low VRF to produce the less concentrated permeate and a pH ? 6 to obtain the highest rejection rates of the acids. Results were confirmed by trials at pre-industrial scale in a distillery. However, the permeate produced at pH 6 proved to be less fermentable than the permeate produced at natural pH because of an increase in the osmotic pressure. Natural pH permeate displayed a fermentation activity almost equivalent to tap water chosen as the blank. The remaining inhibitory acids did not seem to significantly hinder yeast growth nor yeast physiology.

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The use of nanofiltration membranes for the fractionation of polyphenols from grape pomace extracts

OENO One ◽

10.20870/oeno-one.2019.53.1.2342 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 11-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sami Yammine ◽

Robin Rabagliato ◽

Xavier Vitrac ◽

Martine Mietton Peuchot ◽

Rémy Ghidossi

Keyword(s):

Tangential Velocity ◽

Reduction Factor ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Grape Pomace ◽

Transmembrane Pressure ◽

Nanofiltration Membranes ◽

Operating Variables ◽

Filtration Membrane ◽

Approximate Molecular Weight ◽

Phenolic Acid Derivatives

Filtration experiments in batch concentration mode (with recycling of the retentate stream) of grape pomace extract were performed in laboratory filtration membrane equipment by using nine commercial nanofiltration (NF) membranes with an approximate molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of 1000‒150 Da. The filtration experiments of the selected pomace extract were performed by modifying the most important operating variables: transmembrane pressure, tangential velocity, temperature, and the nature and MWCO of the membranes. The evolution of the cumulative permeate volumes and permeate fluxes with processing time was analyzed till a volume reduction factor (VRF) of 10 was reached. The effect of the mentioned operating conditions was discussed. The effectiveness of the filtration treatments was determined by the evaluation of the rejection coefficients for several families of polyphenols. Membranes possessing MWCO between 1000 and 500 Da were able to quantitatively recover polymeric proanthocyanidins in the concentrate stream and separate them from phenols that passed through the membrane into the permeate stream. On the other hand, the 600 to 300 Da membranes could also be used for the fractionation of monomeric phenolic families. The membranes were able to partially remove the anthocyanin fragments of phenolic acid derivatives and flavonols in the concentrate stream and at the same time.

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