scholarly journals Selective Extraction of ω-3 Fatty Acids from Nannochloropsis sp. Using Supercritical CO2 Extraction

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 2406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Paolo Leone ◽  
Roberto Balducchi ◽  
Sanjeet Mehariya ◽  
Maria Martino ◽  
Vincenzo Larocca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Co2 Flow ◽  
Supercritical Fluid Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Treatment Step

In this article, microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. was used for fatty acid (FA) extraction, using a supercritical fluid-carbon dioxide (SF-CO2) extraction method. This study investigated the influence of different pre-treatment conditions by varying the grinding speed (200–600 rpm), pre-treatment time (2.5–10 min), and mixing ratio of diatomaceous earth (DE) and Nannochloropsis sp. biomass (0.5–2.0 DE/biomass) on FAs extraction. In addition, the effect of different operating conditions, such as pressure (100–550 bar), temperature (50–75 °C), and CO2 flow rate (7.24 and 14.48 g/min) on eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) recovery, was analyzed. Experimental data evidenced that, keeping constant the extraction conditions, the pre-treatment step enhanced the FAs extraction yield up to 3.4 fold, thereby the maximum extracted amount of FAs (61.19 mg/g) was attained with the pre-treatment with a ratio of DE/biomass of 1 at 600 rpm for 5 min. Moreover, by increasing both SF-CO2 pressure and temperature, the selectivity towards EPA was enhanced, while intermediate pressure and lower pressure promoted DHA recovery. The highest amount of extracted EPA, i.e., 5.69 mg/g, corresponding to 15.59%, was obtained at 75 °C and 550 bar with a CO2 flow rate of 14.48 g/min, while the maximum amount of extracted DHA, i.e., ~0.12 mg/g, equal to 79.63%, was registered at 50 °C and 400 bar with a CO2 flow rate of 14.48 g/min. Moreover, the increased CO2 flow rate from 7.24 to 14.48 g/min enhanced both EPA and DHA recovery.

scholarly journals Extraction of Bioactive Compounds Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Molino ◽  
Vincenzo Larocca ◽  
Giuseppe Di Sanzo ◽  
Maria Martino ◽  
Patrizia Casella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Extraction Cycle ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Co2 Flow ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Microalgae Dunaliella salina contains useful molecules such as β-carotene and fatty acids (FAs), which are considered high value-added compounds. To extract these molecules, supercritical carbon dioxide was used at different operative conditions. The effects of mechanical pre-treatment (grinding speed at 0–600 rpm; pre-treatment time of 2.5–7.5 min) and operating parameters for extraction, such as biomass loading (2.45 and 7.53 g), pressure (100–550 bars), temperature (50–75 °C) and CO2 flow rate (7.24 and 14.48 g/min) by varying the extraction times (30–110 min) were evaluated. Results showed that the maximum cumulative recovery (25.48%) of β-carotene was achieved at 400 bars and 65 °C with a CO2 flow rate of 14.48 g/min, while the highest purity for stage (55.40%) was attained at 550 bars and 65 °C with a CO2 flow rate of 14.48 g/min. The maximum recovery of FAs, equal to 8.47 mg/g, was achieved at 550 bars and 75 °C with a CO2 flow rate of 14.48 g/min. Moreover, the lowest biomass loading (2.45 g) and the first extraction cycle (30 min) allowed the maximum extraction of β-carotene and FAs.

scholarly journals Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Lutein from Scenedesmus almeriensis

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeet Mehariya ◽  
Angela Iovine ◽  
Giuseppe Di Sanzo ◽  
Vincenzo Larocca ◽  
Maria Martino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Co2 Flow ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Scenedesmus Almeriensis

Lutein has several benefits for human health, playing an important role in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataracts, amelioration of the first stages of atherosclerosis, and some types of cancer. In this work, the Scenedesmus almeriensis microalga was used as a natural source for the supercritical fluid (SF) extraction of lutein. For this purpose, the optimization of the main parameters affecting the extraction, such as biomass pre-treatment, temperature, pressure, and carbon dioxide (CO2) flow rate, was performed. In the first stage, the effect of mechanical pre-treatment (diatomaceous earth (DE) and biomass mixing in the range 0.25–1 DE/biomass; grinding speed varying between 0 and 600 rpm, and pre-treatment time changing from 2.5 to 10 min), was evaluated on lutein extraction efficiency. In the second stage, the influence of SF-CO2 extraction parameters such as pressure (25–55 MPa), temperature (50 and 65 °C), and CO2 flow rate (7.24 and 14.48 g/min) on lutein recovery and purity was investigated. The results demonstrated that by increasing temperature, pressure, and CO2 flow rate lutein recovery and purity were improved. The maximum lutein recovery (~98%) with purity of ~34% was achieved operating at 65 °C and 55 MPa with a CO2 flow rate of 14.48 g/min. Therefore, optimum conditions could be useful in food industries for lutein supplementation in food products.

scholarly journals Eicosapentaenoic Acid Extraction from Nannochloropsis gaditana using Carbon Dioxide at Supercritical Conditions

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Molino ◽  
Maria Martino ◽  
Vincenzo Larocca ◽  
Giuseppe Di Sanzo ◽  
Anna Spagnoletta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Nannochloropsis Gaditana ◽  
Extraction Cycle ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Co2 Flow ◽  
Total Extraction

This research shows that carbon dioxide supercritical fluid (CO2-SF) is an emerging technology for the extraction of high interest compounds for applications in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics from microalgae. The purpose of this study is to recover fatty acids (FAs) and, more precisely, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from Nannochloropsis gaditana biomass by CO2-SF extraction. In the paper, the effect of mechanical pre-treatment was evaluated with the aim of increasing FAs recovery. Extraction was performed at a pressure range of 250–550 bars and a CO2 flow rate of 7.24 and 14.48 g/min, while temperature was fixed at 50 or 65 °C. The effect of these parameters on the extraction yield was assessed at each extraction cycle, 20 min each, for a total extraction time of 100 min. Furthermore, the effect of biomass loading on EPA recovery was evaluated. The highest EPA extraction yield, i.e., 11.50 mg/g, corresponding to 27.4% EPA recovery, was obtained at 65 °C and 250 bars with a CO2 flow rate of 7.24 g/min and 1.0 g biomass loading. The increased CO2 flow rate from 7.24 to 14.48 g/min enhanced the cumulative EPA recovery at 250 bars. The purity of EPA could be improved by biomass loading of 2.01 g, even if recovery was reduced.

scholarly journals Hemodialysis biocompatibility mathematical models to predict the inflammatory biomarkers released in dialysis patients based on hemodialysis membrane characteristics and clinical practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Abdelrasoul ◽  
Heloisa Westphalen ◽  
Shaghayegh Saadati ◽  
Ahmed Shoker
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Membrane Materials

AbstractChronic kidney disease affects millions of people around the globe and many patients rely on hemodialysis (HD) to survive. HD is associated with undesired life-threatening side effects that are linked to membrane biocompatibility and clinical operating conditions. The present study develops a mathematical model to predict the inflammatory biomarkers released in HD patients based on membrane morphology, chemistry, and interaction affinity. Based on the morphological characteristics of two clinical-grade HD membrane modules (CTA and PAES-PVP) commonly used in Canadian hospitals, a molecular docking study, and the release of inflammatory cytokines during HD and in vitro incubation experiments, we develop five sets of equations that describe the concentration of eight biomarkers (serpin/antithrombin-III, properdin, C5a, 1L-1α, 1L-1β, C5b-9, IL6, vWF). The equations developed are functions of membrane properties (pore size, roughness, chemical composition, affinity to fibrinogen, and surface charge) and HD operating conditions (blood flow rate, Qb, and treatment time, t). We expand our model based on available clinical data and increase its range of applicability in terms of flow rate and treatment time. We also modify the original equations to expand their range of applicability in terms of membrane materials, allowing the prediction and validation of the inflammatory response of several clinical and synthesized membrane materials. Our affinity-based model solely relies on theoretical values of molecular docking, which can significantly reduce the experimental load related to the development of more biocompatible materials. Our model predictions agree with experimental clinical data and can guide the development of novel materials and support evidence-based membrane synthesis of HD membranes, reducing the need for trial-and-error approaches.

scholarly journals Mathematical modeling of supercritical CO2 extraction of valuable compounds from Eucheuma Cottonii and Gracilaria Sp

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 02013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwila Nur Rizkiyah ◽  
Nazla ◽  
Farah Nadhifah ◽  
Siti Machmudah ◽  
Sugeng Winardi
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Valuable Compounds ◽  
Eucheuma Cottonii

Extraction by using supercritical CO2 has been extensively developed to extract materials that are easily decomposed at high temperatures. Therefore, in this study extraction of valuable compounds (such as: carotenoids and fatty acids) from macroalgae of Eucheuma cottonii and Gracilaria sp was carried out experimentally with supercritical CO2 and mathematical model of Broken and Intact Cells (BIC) and Chrastil model. The result with BIC model is compared with the experimental result that has been done. Extraction was conducted at various pressures of 15, 20, and 25 MPa, temperature of 40, 60, and 80 ºC, CO2 flow rate of 6 mL/min, and ethanol concentrations for cosolvent of 5 %, 7.5%, and 10% CO2 flow rate. The content of extract was analyzed by using a Spectrophotometer UV - Vis and HPLC. The total yield of extract on Eucheuma cottonii was about 0.01623-0.03752 gr extract/gr sample at operating conditions 15 MPa pressure, temperature 60 ºC, and ethanol flow rate of 10%. The total yield of the extract on Gracilaria sp was 0.1982-0.4237 gr extract/gr samples, at operating conditions 15 MPa pressure, 60 ºC temperature, and ethanol flow rate 7.5% CO2 flow rate. The solubility of Eucheuma cottonii are greater than Gracilaria Sp with constant of Chrastil k, a, and b that are: 2,52; 0,911; and-27,66 at operating conditions. Broken and Intact Cells model could also describe well for extraction yield. The best fitting parameters in BIC model depends on condition at extraction process, such as : 0.45 – 0.46 for f, 0.5 - 0.75 for Xc, and 0.15 - 0.4 for K value..

scholarly journals Influence of Microwave Pre-Treatment on the Digestion and Higienisation of Waste Activated Sludge/Wpływ Dezintegracji Mikrofalowej Na Proces Fermentacji Oraz Higienizacji Nadmiernych Osadów Ściekowych

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Bohdziewicz ◽  
Mariusz Kuglarz ◽  
Klaudiusz Grűbel
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Treatment Step

Abstract The article presents the results of determining the most appropriate conditions of microwave sludge pre-treatment (500-1200 W), prior to its anaerobic digestion in a continuous mode. The assessment of the pre-treatment conditions (microwave power, sludge temperature after pre-treatment) was based on: the release of organic (COD, protein) and inorganic (NH4+, PO43-) substances into liquid, the quantity of methane produced, sludge higienisation and the susceptibility of the pre-treated sludge to dewatering. The power of the microwaves applied did not play significant role on the pre-treatment effectiveness. Taking into account the fact that sludge pre-treatment by microwave irradiation requires the delivery of energy, the pre-treatment by microwaves of higher power (1200 W) and resulting in sludge temperature of 70°C was recommended for further experiments. Sludge pre-treatment by means of microwave irradiation as a pre-treatment step influenced the effectiveness of the subsequent anaerobic digestion, conducted in continuous conditions, in a positive way. The largest amount of biogas was obtained for HRT in the range of 15-20 days. As compared to the sludge which did not undergo pre-treatment, daily biogas production and biogas yield increased by 18-41% and 13-35% respectively. The combination of microwave pre-treatment and mesophilic anaerobic digestion ensured the elimination of pathogens (Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli).

Effects of Pre-Treatment Conditions on Black Tilapia Fish Scales for Gelatin Extraction

2015 ◽  
Vol 1125 ◽  
pp. 276-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
KANAGESWARY SOCKALINGAM ◽  
Maizlinda Izwana Idris ◽  
Hasan Zuhudi Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Fish Scales ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Inorganic Components

Black tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) fish scales are good sources of gelatin. Fish scales needs to undergo adequate demineralization (pre-treatment) process in order to be a suitable medium for gelatin extraction. The effect of hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentrations (1-5 %) and pre-treatment time (4-20 h) on the raw tilapia scales have been determined. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis was done on the raw scales before and after pre-treatment process. SEM images reveal the pattern of ridges on the scales that fades away at different treatment conditions. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) results indicate that 3% of HCl with 12 h of treatment time is adequate for demineralization of the fish scales. These were further proved by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, where no any inorganic components been detected in the pre-treated scales in comparison to raw scales.

Effect of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Flow Rate on Extraction Yield, Antioxidant Properties and Morphological Changes of Quercus infectoria Galls

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasmida Mohd Nasir ◽  
Liza Md Salleh ◽  
Mohd Azizi Che Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Co2 Flow ◽  
Quercus Infectoria ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

The extraction condition of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction was used to extract Quercus infectoria galls, a medicinal plant which rich with bioactive compound, in order to maintain the green environment as well as the quality of the product. The study was performed to investigate the effect of extraction parameter (CO2 flow rate) on Quercus infectoria galls extract using SC-CO2 extraction. Then, the extract was analysed to determine their antioxidant activity and morphological changes of the Quercus infectoria galls before and after the extraction. Hence, three different CO2 flow rate have been investigated which were 2, 3, and 4 mL/min while pressure (P) and temperature (T) were fixed at highest density (P: 30 MPa, T: 40oC). The results obtained from this study showed the solvent flow rate of 2 mL/min give the highest percentage of extraction yield which is 0.37% compared to others. The extracts were screened for possible antioxidant activity by antioxidant activity 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assays. In this study, the best result obtained was at flow rate of 3 mL/min with inhibition percentage of 96.97% but it showed insignificant difference with other CO2 flow rates. The change in morphology of the galls was significant when observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM).  These results indicated that SC-CO2 extraction could be an alternative method for extraction of antioxidative compound from Q.infectoria galls.  

Optimization of Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. Seed Oil by Orthogonal Test Methodology

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 2285-2288
Author(s):  
Qin Xia ◽  
Xue Yuan Jin
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Test Methodology ◽  
Co2 Flow ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Hovenia Dulcis

The objective of the work was to optimize the extraction of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. seed oil (HSO) by means of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Effects of pressure, temperature, time and CO2 flow rate on extract abilities of HSO were studied in this paper. Basis on the signal factor test, the orthogonal design was used to optimize the extraction conditions. Results showed that following conditions were optimal: pressure 40Mpa, temperature 40°C, time 120min, CO2 flow rate 9 kg/h. Extraction yield of HSO were 8.92%. Supercritical CO2 technology was a good extraction method for its higher yield and shorter time.

A Continuous Preparation Method of Spirulina platensis Phenolic Compounds and Polysaccharides Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Technology

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 2229-2237
Author(s):  
Yao Ching Hsueh ◽  
Zer Ran Yu ◽  
Be Jen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operation Temperature ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Co2 Flow

Spirulina platensis was mixed with ethanol at a ratio of 1:10 (w v-1) for 24 h to yield ethanol extract. An orthogonal design was performed at three different temperatures (40, 50 and 60oC), three different pressure levels (10, 20 and 30 MPa) and three different flow rate of Spirulina extract liquor (1, 2 and 3 ml min-1). The carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) flow rate was maintained at 6 ml min-1. The highest selectivity of phenols and polysaccharides occurred at the operation temperature 60oC and pressure 30 MPa. Extract was also fractionated using SC-CO2 under the following operating conditions: 60oC and a pressure of 30, 15, 10 or 5 MPa into residual (R), F1, F2, or F3 fractions, respectively. The highest concentration of phenolic compounds was obtained in F3 fraction and the highest concentration of total polysaccharides was retained in R. F3 fraction contained the highest levels of total phenol contents and thus exhibited the greatest antioxidant ability.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document