scholarly journals Methyl Salicylate Glycosides in Some Italian Varietal Wines

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (18) ◽  
pp. 3260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlin ◽  
Masuero ◽  
Guella ◽  
Vrhovsek ◽  
Mattivi
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Salicylate ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
1H And 13C Nmr ◽  
Vitis Riparia ◽  
13C Nmr Analysis ◽  
First Time ◽  
Gaultheria Procumbens ◽  
Very High

Glycosides are ubiquitous plant secondary metabolites consisting of a non-sugar component called an aglycone, attached to one or more sugars. One of the most interesting aglycones in grapes and wine is methyl salicylate (MeSA), an organic ester naturally produced by many plants, particularly wintergreens. To date, nine different MeSA glycosides from plants have been reported, mainly spread over the genera Gaultheria, Camellia, Polygala, Filipendula, and Passiflora. From a sensorial point of view, MeSA has a balsamic-sweet odor, known as Wintergreen. MeSA was found in Vitis riparia grapes, in Vitis vinifera sp. and in the Frontenac interspecific hybrid. We found that the MeSA glycosides content in Verdicchio wines and in some genetically related varieties (Trebbiano di Soave and Trebbiano di Lugana) was very high. In order to understand which glycosides were present in wine, the methanolic extract of Verdicchio wine was injected into a UPLC-Q-TOF-HDMS and compared to the extracts of different plants rich in such glycosides. Using pure standards, we confirmed the existence of two glycosides in wine: MeSA 2-O--d-glucoside and MeSA 2-O--d-xylopyranosyl (1-6) -d-glucopyranoside (gaultherin). For the first time, we also tentatively identified other diglycosides in wine: MeSA 2-O--l-arabinopyranosyl (1-6)--d-glucopyranoside (violutoside) and MeSA 2-O--d-apiofuranosyl (1-6)--d-glucopyranoside (canthoside A), MeSA 2-O--d-glucopyranosyl (1-6)-O--d-glucopyranoside (gentiobioside) and MeSA 2-O--l-rhamnopyranosyl (1-6)--d-glucopyranoside (rutinoside). Some of these glycosides have been isolated from Gaultheria procumbens leaves by preparative liquid chromatography and structurally annotated by 1H- and 13C-NMR analysis. Two of the peaks isolated from Gaultheria procumbens leaves, namely MeSA sambubioside and MeSA sophoroside, were herein observed for the first time. Six MeSA glycosides were quantified in 64 Italian white wines, highlighting the peculiar content and pattern in Verdicchio wines and related cultivars. The total concentration in bound and free MeSA in Verdicchio wines varied in the range of 456–9796 g/L and 5.5–143 g/L, respectively, while in the other wines the bound and free MeSA was below 363 g/L and 12 g/L, respectively. As this compound’s olfactory threshold is between 50 and 100 g/L, our data support the hypothesis that methyl salicylate can contribute to the balsamic scent, especially in old Verdicchio wines.

scholarly journals The Volatile Phytochemistry of Seven Native American Aromatic Medicinal Plants

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Sims K. Lawson ◽  
Prabodh Satyal ◽  
William N. Setzer
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Methyl Salicylate ◽  
Chromatographic Techniques ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
First Time ◽  
Gaultheria Procumbens

As part of our evaluation of essential oils derived from Native American medicinal plants, we have obtained the essential oils of Agastache foeniculum (Pursch) Kuntze (Lamiaceae), Gaultheria procumbens L. (Ericaceae), Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet (Asteraceae), Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. (Asteraceae), Pycnanthemum incanum (L.) Michx. (Lamiaceae), Smallanthus uvedalia (L.) Mack. ex Mack. (Asteraceae), and Verbena hastata L. (Verbenaceae) by hydrodistillation. The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatographic techniques. The essential oil of A. foeniculum was dominated by estragole (88–93%), while methyl salicylate (91%) dominated the G. procumbens essential oil. Germacrene D was the major component in H. helianthoides (42%) and L. spicata (24%). 1,8-Cineole (31%) and α-terpineol (17%) were the main compounds in P. incanum essential oil. The essential oil of S. uvedalia showed α-pinene (24%), perillene (15%), and β-caryophyllene (17%) as major components. Verbena hastata essential oil was rich in 1-octen-3-ol (up to 29%) and palmitic acid (up to 22%). Four of these essential oils, H. helianthoides, L. spicata, P. incanum, and V. hastata, are reported for the first time. Additionally, the enantiomeric distributions of several terpenoid components have been determined.

Morphological and anatomical development in the Vitaceae. I. Vegetative development in Vitis riparia

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean M. Gerrath ◽  
Usher Posluszny
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Leaf Primordia ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Vitis Riparia ◽  
Bud Initiation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Very High

The vegetative development of natural populations of Vitis riparia is reported in detail for the first time, using a combination of three-dimensional and histological techniques. The initiation of both uncommitted primordia (which can develop into either inflorescences or tendrils) and leaf primordia is documented and correlated with their position in the primordium initiation cycle. There are four possible states: (i) a leaf at a lower tendril node, which arises on the flank of a dome-shaped apex directly above a leaf; (ii) a leaf at either an upper tendril node or a tendrilless node, which arises on the flank of a broad apex directly above a tendril; (iii) a lower uncommitted primordium, which arises very high on the apical flank, separated from the subjacent leaf by the initiation of one primordium on the opposite side of the apex; and (iv) an upper uncommitted primordium, which arises on the apical flank, separated from the subjacent leaf by the initiation of two primordia on the opposite side of the apex. This study shows that there is evidence to support the view that the uncommitted primordium is both terminal and lateral. We have extended the reports of the presence of tendril hydathodes in Vitis to this species. Axillary bud initiation and development are the same as has been reported for other species of Vitis, with each winter bud being initiated in the axil of the basal prophyll of the previous one.

scholarly journals Alkaloids from Mongolian species of Peganum multisectum (Maxim) Bobrov

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Javzan ◽  
D. Selenge ◽  
N. Amartuvshin ◽  
D. Nedelcheva ◽  
V Christov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
13C Nmr ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nmr Analysis ◽  
1H And 13C Nmr ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
13C Nmr Analysis ◽  
Pure Compounds ◽  
First Time

Alkaloids of the aerial parts of P. multisectum (Maxim) Bobrov (Zygophyllaceae) growing in Mongolia have been studied by capillary Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Column Chromatography (CC). Four compounds comprising of 2-methylquinoline (1), 9-amino-2, 3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta [b] quinoline (2), vasicinone (3) and harmine (4) have been determined by GC-MS, while harmine (4), peganine (5), deoxypeganine (6), deoxyvasicinone (7) and harmane (8) were isolated as pure compounds by the CC. The structures of the five alkaloids 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 were elucidated by the MS and 1H and 13C NMR analysis. The alkaloids 1, 2 and 8 were identified for the first time from this species.Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 16 (42), 2015, 48-53

Thanato-Laboratorien. Theorien von Tod und Sterben und Elias Canettis Buch gegen den Tod

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-86
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Heyne
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Death And Dying ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Elias Canetti ◽  
History Of ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
First Time ◽  
Textual Form ◽  
Or History

AbstractAlthough visual culture of the 21th century increasingly focuses on representation of death and dying, contemporary discourses still lack a language of death adequate to the event shown by pictures and visual images from an outside point of view. Following this observation, this article suggests a re-reading of 20th century author Elias Canetti. His lifelong notes have been edited and published posthumously for the first time in 2014. Thanks to this edition Canetti's short texts and aphorisms can be focused as a textual laboratory in which he tries to model a language of death on experimental practices of natural sciences. The miniature series of experiments address the problem of death, not representable in discourses of cultural studies, system theory or history of knowledge, and in doing so, Canetti creates liminal texts at the margins of western concepts of (human) life, science and established textual form.

A Nabatean port on the Red Sea: note on the pottery finds from al-Qusayr (al-Wajh, Saudi Arabia)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Durand
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Roman Egypt ◽  
Pottery Sherds ◽  
First Time

Al-Qusayr is located 40 km south of modern al-Wajh, roughly 7 km from the eastern Red Sea shore. This site is known since the mid-19th century, when the explorer R. Burton described it for the first time, in particular the remains of a monumental building so-called al-Qasr. In March 2016, a new survey of the site was undertaken by the al-‘Ula–al-Wajh Survey Project. This survey focused not only on al-Qasr but also on the surrounding site corresponding to the ancient settlement. A surface collection of pottery sherds revealed a striking combination of Mediterranean and Egyptian imports on one hand, and of Nabataean productions on the other hand. This material is particularly homogeneous on the chronological point of view, suggesting a rather limited occupation period for the site. Attesting contacts between Mediterranean merchants, Roman Egypt and the Nabataean kingdom, these new data allow a complete reassessment of the importance of this locality in the Red Sea trade routes during antiquity.

Der Sommer und Herbst 2003 aus phänologischer Sicht | Summer and autumn 2003 from a phenological point of view

2004 ◽  
Vol 155 (5) ◽  
pp. 142-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Defila
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
New Record ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Leaf Shedding ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High ◽  
Selection Of

The record-breaking heatwave of 2003 also had an impact on the vegetation in Switzerland. To examine its influences seven phenological late spring and summer phases were evaluated together with six phases in the autumn from a selection of stations. 30% of the 122 chosen phenological time series in late spring and summer phases set a new record (earliest arrival). The proportion of very early arrivals is very high and the mean deviation from the norm is between 10 and 20 days. The situation was less extreme in autumn, where 20% of the 103 time series chosen set a new record. The majority of the phenological arrivals were found in the class «normal» but the class«very early» is still well represented. The mean precocity lies between five and twenty days. As far as the leaf shedding of the beech is concerned, there was even a slight delay of around six days. The evaluation serves to show that the heatwave of 2003 strongly influenced the phenological events of summer and spring.

Ground state molecular parameters of phosphine, PH3, from the simultaneous analysis of the high-resolution infrared, microwave and submillimeterwave spectra

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 2480-2492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soňa Přádná ◽  
Dušan Papoušek ◽  
Jyrki Kauppinen ◽  
Sergei P. Belov ◽  
Andrei F. Krupnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Unitary Transformation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Acoustic Detection ◽  
Molecular Parameters ◽  
Microwave Spectrometer ◽  
Fourier Transform Spectra ◽  
First Time

Fourier transform spectra of the ν2 band of PH3 have been remeasured with 0.0045 cm-1 resolution. Ground state combination differences from these data have been fitted simultaneously with the microwave and submillimeterwave data to determine the ground state spectroscopical parameters of PH3 including the parameters of the Δk = ± 3n interactions. The correlation between the latter parameters has been discussed from the point of view of the existence of two equivalent effective rotational operators which are related by a unitary transformation. The ΔJ = 0, +1, ΔK = 0 (A1 ↔ A2, E ↔ E) rotational transitions in the ν2 and ν4 states have been measured for the first time by using a microwave spectrometer and a radiofrequency spectrometer with acoustic detection.

scholarly journals Shell-crossing in a ΛCDM Universe

2020 ◽  
Vol 501 (1) ◽  
pp. L71-L75
Author(s):  
Cornelius Rampf ◽  
Oliver Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Perturbation Theory ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cold Dark Matter ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Random Initial Data ◽  
Recursion Relations ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
First Time ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACT Perturbation theory is an indispensable tool for studying the cosmic large-scale structure, and establishing its limits is therefore of utmost importance. One crucial limitation of perturbation theory is shell-crossing, which is the instance when cold-dark-matter trajectories intersect for the first time. We investigate Lagrangian perturbation theory (LPT) at very high orders in the vicinity of the first shell-crossing for random initial data in a realistic three-dimensional Universe. For this, we have numerically implemented the all-order recursion relations for the matter trajectories, from which the convergence of the LPT series at shell-crossing is established. Convergence studies performed at large orders reveal the nature of the convergence-limiting singularities. These singularities are not the well-known density singularities at shell-crossing but occur at later times when LPT already ceased to provide physically meaningful results.

scholarly journals An exceptionally preserved conulariid from Ordovician erratics of Northern European Lowlands

PalZ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Consuelo Sendino ◽  
Martin M. Bochmann
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Current Location ◽  
Transport Direction ◽  
First Time ◽  
Erratic Boulder

AbstractA conulariid preserved in three dimensions from Ordovician fluvioglacial erratics of the Northern European Lowlands (North German Plain) is described under open nomenclature. It is assigned to the genus Conularia with similarities to Baltoscandian conulariids. The lithology of the erratic boulder and fauna contained in it provide important information on the origin and transport direction of the sediment preserved in a kame from the Saalian glaciation. This paper deals with the site of origin of the boulder in Baltoscandia analysing the comprised palaeofauna, from a palaeostratigraphic and palaeogeographic point of view, from its deposition in Ordovician times until its arrival at its current location in the Late Pleistocene. It also reveals for the first time the internal structure of the conulariid aperture.

scholarly journals Fractional isospectral and non-isospectral AKNS hierarchies and their analytic methods for N-fractal solutions with Mittag-Leffler functions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Xu ◽  
Yufeng Zhang ◽  
Sheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Problem ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Adjoint Equations ◽  
Scattering Data ◽  
Bilinear Method ◽  
Soliton Equation ◽  
Scattering Transform ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hirota Bilinear

AbstractAblowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur (AKNS) linear spectral problem gives birth to many important nonlinear mathematical physics equations including nonlocal ones. This paper derives two fractional order AKNS hierarchies which have not been reported in the literature by equipping the AKNS spectral problem and its adjoint equations with local fractional order partial derivative for the first time. One is the space-time fractional order isospectral AKNS (stfisAKNS) hierarchy, three reductions of which generate the fractional order local and nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger (flnNLS) and modified Kortweg–de Vries (fmKdV) hierarchies as well as reverse-t NLS (frtNLS) hierarchy, and the other is the time-fractional order non-isospectral AKNS (tfnisAKNS) hierarchy. By transforming the stfisAKNS hierarchy into two fractional bilinear forms and reconstructing the potentials from fractional scattering data corresponding to the tfnisAKNS hierarchy, three pairs of uniform formulas of novel N-fractal solutions with Mittag-Leffler functions are obtained through the Hirota bilinear method (HBM) and the inverse scattering transform (IST). Restricted to the Cantor set, some obtained continuous everywhere but nondifferentiable one- and two-fractal solutions are shown by figures directly. More meaningfully, the problems worth exploring of constructing N-fractal solutions of soliton equation hierarchies by HBM and IST are solved, taking stfisAKNS and tfnisAKNS hierarchies as examples, from the point of view of local fractional order derivatives. Furthermore, this paper shows that HBM and IST can be used to construct some N-fractal solutions of other soliton equation hierarchies.

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