scholarly journals The Role of Brassica Bioactives on Human Health: Are We Studying It the Right Way?

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarai Quirante-Moya ◽  
Paula García-Ibañez ◽  
Francisco Quirante-Moya ◽  
Débora Villaño ◽  
Diego A. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Critical Points ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Brassica Vegetables ◽  
The Right ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Time Of Intervention ◽  
Improve Health

Brassica vegetables and their components, the glucosinolates, have been suggested as good candidates as dietary coadjutants to improve health in non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Different preclinical and clinical studies have been performed in the last decade; however, some concerns have been posed on the lack of established and standardized protocols. The different concentration of bioactive compounds used, time of intervention or sample size, and the lack of blinding are some factors that may influence the studies’ outcomes. This review aims to analyze the critical points of the studies performed with Brassica-related biomolecules and propose some bases for future trials in order to avoid biases.

scholarly journals Natural Polyphenols Targeting Senescence: A Novel Prevention and Therapy Strategy for Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Bian ◽  
Juntong Wei ◽  
Changsheng Zhao ◽  
Guorong Li
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Natural Polyphenols ◽  
Therapy Strategy ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Prevention And Therapy

Cancer is one of the most serious diseases endangering human health. In view of the side effects caused by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, it is necessary to develop low-toxic anti-cancer compounds. Polyphenols are natural compounds with anti-cancer properties and their application is a considerable choice. Pro-senescence therapy is a recently proposed anti-cancer strategy and has been shown to effectively inhibit cancer. It is of great significance to clarify the mechanisms of polyphenols on tumor suppression by inducing senescence. In this review, we delineated the characteristics of senescent cells, and summarized the mechanisms of polyphenols targeting tumor microenvironment and inducing cancer cell senescence for cancer prevention and therapy. Although many studies have shown that polyphenols effectively inhibit cancer by targeting senescence, it warrants further investigation in preclinical and clinical studies.

The significance of collagen dressings in wound management: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 692-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Pallaske ◽  
Anett Pallaske ◽  
Kurt Herklotz ◽  
Joachim Boese-Landgraf
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Wound Management ◽  
Complex Field ◽  
The Right ◽  
New Applications

Clinical experience and research has improved our understanding of wound healing which, in turn, has enabled health professionals to aid wound healing and manufacturers to develop modern wound dressings. The significant role of collagen in wound healing has led to the development of numerous products on the basis of this biological material. The main focus of this review is to provide a critical appraisal of publications about collagen and acellular collagen dressings with a fleece-like or spongy structure. It is intended for clinicians and researchers, and aims to keep them up-to-date in the complex field of interactive, collagen-based wound dressings, including their manufacture, combination possibilities, mechanisms of action, performance in the promotion of wound healing and indications. Despite the small number of clinical studies, the importance of acellular collagen dressings with a fleece- or sponge-like structure is likely to increase in the future. As there is no ideal wound dressing, the knowledge attained is meant to support health professionals in selecting the right product, and pave the way for new applications and clinical studies.

THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL EXERCISES IN THE ORGANISM STABILITY INCREASING TO EMOTIONAL STRESS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Petrovich Nikolaev ◽  
◽  
Anastasiya Vladimirovna Timofeeva
Keyword(s):  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Right ◽  
Improve Health

The task of the article is to study the essence of stress on the basis of a theoretical analysis of psychological literature and substantiate the role of physical culture in its prevention. Analysis and synthesis of these literary sources indicate that in the modern world no one is protected from stresses that are the cause of many diseases, which is why there is a need for the formation of the right lifestyle and regular exercise in order to improve health and develop stress resistance

scholarly journals The role of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in nicotine addiction

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Funda Akkus ◽  
Sylvia Terbeck ◽  
Connor J. Haggarty ◽  
Valerie Treyer ◽  
Janan J. Dietrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Nicotine Addiction ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate ◽  
Nicotine Abuse ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Abstract This review summarizes the evidence for the potential involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in the development of nicotine addiction. Nicotine is consumed worldwide and is highly addictive. Previous research has extensively investigated the role of dopamine in association with reward learning and addiction, which has provided strong evidence for the involvement of dopaminergic neuronal circuitry in nicotine addiction. More recently, researchers focused on glutamatergic transmission after nicotine abuse, and its involvement in the reinforcing and rewarding effects of nicotine addiction. A number of robust preclinical and clinical studies have shown mGluR5 signaling as a facilitating mechanism of nicotine addiction and nicotine withdrawal. Specifically, clinical studies have illustrated lower cortical mGluR5 density in smokers compared to nonsmokers in the human brain. In addition, mGluR5 might selectively regulate craving and withdrawal. This suggests that mGluR5 could be a key receptor in the development of nicotine addiction and therefore clinical trials to examine the therapeutic potential of mGluR5 agents could help to contribute to reduce nicotine addiction in society.

scholarly journals Neurobiology of Impulsivity and Aggression as Substrates of Suicidal Behavior: A Narrative Focus on the Involvement of Serum Lipids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Gokcay ◽  
Yasin Hasan Balcioglu
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Neuronal Membrane ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Electronic Database Search ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Low Cholesterol

Previous incidental findings of an increase of suicidal risk among subjects with low cholesterol levels have drawn attention to the role of lipids in suicidal behavior. To date, multiple lines of evidence acquired from clinical studies have confirmed an association between low cholesterol levels and suicidal behavior, but the involvement of dimensional traits including impulsivity and aggression in this association remains elusive. In this narrative review, we aimed to address and synthesize the literature regarding the involvement of lipids in the neurobiology of suicidal behavior and its underlying psychological substrates, impulsivity and aggression. An electronic database search was performed using different combinations of relevant keywords. Both preclinical and clinical studies matching the scope of this article were reviewed and filtered through an inspection of the abstracts to recruit the most suitable articles that contributed essential and substantial findings to the literature. Although subject characteristics and study designs vary across studies, current research has demonstrated that impulsivity and aggression might have shared neurobiologic substrates involved in altered serotonergic neurotransmission. Despite the association between low serum lipid levels and suicidal behavior being well documented, the involvement of lipid subtypes in the pathophysiology of impulsive and aggressive traits remains elusive. Further work is warranted to recognize the roles of lipids in neuronal membrane functions and serotonin metabolism, promote a greater appreciation of identifying biomarkers that could be used to determine at-risk individuals, and develop potential interventions to disrupt the pathogenesis of behavioral phenotypes of suicide.

scholarly journals Preclinical and Clinical Evidence Supporting Use of Cannabidiol in Psychiatry

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gioacchino Calapai ◽  
Carmen Mannucci ◽  
Ioanna Chinou ◽  
Luigi Cardia ◽  
Fabrizio Calapai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Background. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a major chemical compound present in Cannabis sativa. CBD is a nonpsychotomimetic substance, and it is considered one of the most promising candidates for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Objective. The aim of this review is to illustrate the state of art about scientific research and the evidence of effectiveness of CBD in psychiatric patients. Methods. This review collects the main scientific findings on the potential role of CBD in the psychiatric field, and results of clinical trials carried out on psychiatric patients are commented. A research was conducted in the PUBMED, SCOPUS, and ScienceDirect databases using combinations of the words cannabidiol, psychiatry, and neuropsychiatric. Results. Preclinical and clinical studies on potential role of CBD in psychiatry were collected and further discussed. We found four clinical studies describing the effects of CBD in psychiatric patients: two studies about schizophrenic patients and the other two studies carried out on CBD effects in patients affected by generalized social anxiety disorder (SAD). Conclusion. Results from these studies are promising and suggest that CBD may have a role in the development of new therapeutic strategies in mental diseases, and they justify an in-depth commitment in this field. However, clinical evidence we show for CBD in psychiatric patients is instead still poor and limited to schizophrenia and anxiety, and it needs to be implemented with further studies carried out on psychiatric patients.

scholarly journals Metabolic Consequences of Supplemented Methionine in a Clinical Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 2538S-2547S
Author(s):  
Gerdien C Ligthart-Melis ◽  
Mariëlle P K J Engelen ◽  
Sunday Y Simbo ◽  
Gabrie A M Ten Have ◽  
John J Thaden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Effect Level ◽  
Excessive Intake ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Harmful Effects

ABSTRACT The central position of methionine (Met) in protein metabolism indicates the importance of this essential amino acid for growth and maintenance of lean body mass. Therefore, Met might be a tempting candidate for supplementation. However, because Met is also the precursor of homocysteine (Hcy), a deficient intake of B vitamins or excessive intake of Met may result in hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This review discusses the evidence generated in preclinical and clinical studies on the importance and potentially harmful effects of Met supplementation and elaborates on potential clinical applications of supplemental Met with reference to clinical studies performed over the past 20 y. Recently acquired knowledge about the NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) of 46.3 mg · kg-1 · d-1 and the LOAEL (lowest observed adverse effect level) of 91 mg · kg-1 · d-1 of supplemented Met will guide the design of future studies to further establish the role of Met as a potential (safe) candidate for nutritional supplementation in clinical applications.

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