scholarly journals Tailoring the Properties of Thermo-Compressed Polylactide Films for Food Packaging Applications by Individual and Combined Additions of Lactic Acid Oligomer and Halloysite Nanotubes

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Rojas-Lema ◽  
Luis Quiles-Carrillo ◽  
Daniel Garcia-Garcia ◽  
Beatriz Melendez-Rodriguez ◽  
Rafael Balart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Blend Films ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

In this work, films of polylactide (PLA) prepared by extrusion and thermo-compression were plasticized with oligomer of lactic acid (OLA) at contents of 5, 10, and 20 wt%. The PLA sample containing 20 wt% of OLA was also reinforced with 3, 6, and 9 parts per hundred resin (phr) of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) to increase the mechanical strength and thermal stability of the films. Prior to melt mixing, ultrasound-assisted dispersion of the nanoclays in OLA was carried out at 100 °C to promote the HNTs dispersion in PLA and the resultant films were characterized with the aim to ascertain their potential in food packaging. It was observed that either the individual addition of OLA or combined with 3 phr of HNTs did not significantly affect the optical properties of the PLA films, whereas higher nanoclay contents reduced lightness and induced certain green and blue tonalities. The addition of 20 wt% of OLA increased ductility of the PLA film by nearly 75% and also decreased the glass transition temperature (Tg) by over 18 °C. The incorporation of 3 phr of HNTs into the OLA-containing PLA films delayed thermal degradation by 7 °C and additionally reduced the permeabilities to water and limonene vapors by approximately 8% and 47%, respectively. Interestingly, the highest barrier performance was attained for the unfilled PLA film plasticized with 10 wt% of OLA, which was attributed to a crystallinity increase and an effect of “antiplasticization”. However, loadings of 6 and 9 phr of HNTs resulted in the formation of small aggregates that impaired the performance of the blend films. The here-attained results demonstrates that the properties of ternary systems of PLA/OLA/HNTs can be tuned when the plasticizer and nanofiller contents are carefully chosen and the resultant nanocomposite films can be proposed as a bio-sourced alternative for compostable packaging applications.

A New Application of Hollow Nanosilica Added to Modified Polypropylene to Prepare Nanocomposite Films

NANO ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 2150117
Author(s):  
Xu Li ◽  
Ying-Jun Zhang ◽  
Chi-Hui Tsou ◽  
Yi-Hua Wen ◽  
Chin-San Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hollow Silica ◽  
Barrier Materials ◽  
Water Vapor Barrier ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Food Packaging Films ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Since the inception of research on hollow silica, the use of hollow nanosilica (HNS) as additives in barrier materials has not been reported. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of HNS as an additive in modified polypropylene (MPP). According to X-ray diffraction (XRD), the crystallinity, tensile strength, and thermal stability of MPP/HNS nanocomposite containing 0.1[Formula: see text]phr HNS approached maximum values. Moreover, the nanocomposite had the best performance in terms of water vapor barrier and oxygen resistance. The reasons for the improvement in barrier performance were discussed. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that HNS at a low content dispersed well in MPP. In conclusion, the synthesized HNS can be used as an additive in barrier materials, and it would have potential applications in the fields of food packaging films and storage containers or materials.

scholarly journals Release of Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes from Biodegradable Poly(Lactic Acid) Films during Degradation and Combustion: Risk Associated with the End-of-Life of Nanocomposite Food Packaging Materials

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Kotsilkov ◽  
Evgeni Ivanov ◽  
Nikolay Vitanov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Qualitative Risk Assessment ◽  
The Matrix

Nanoparticles of graphene and carbon nanotubes are attractive materials for the improvement of mechanical and barrier properties and for the functionality of biodegradable polymers for packaging applications. However, the increase of the manufacture and consumption increases the probability of exposure of humans and the environment to such nanomaterials; this brings up questions about the risks of nanomaterials, since they can be toxic. For a risk assessment, it is crucial to know whether airborne nanoparticles of graphene and carbon nanotubes can be released from nanocomposites into the environment at their end-life, or whether they remain embedded in the matrix. In this work, the release of graphene and carbon nanotubes from the poly(lactic) acid nanocomposite films were studied for the scenarios of: (i) biodegradation of the matrix polymer at the disposal of wastes; and (ii) combustion and fire of nanocomposite wastes. Thermogravimetric analysis in air atmosphere, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to verify the release of nanoparticles from nanocomposite films. The three factors model was applied for the quantitative and qualitative risk assessment of the release of graphene and carbon nanotubes from nanocomposite wastes for these scenarios. Safety concern is discussed in respect to the existing regulations for nanowaste stream.

scholarly journals Release of Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes from Biodegradable Poly(Lactic Acid) Films during Degradation and Combustion: Risk Associated with the End-of-Life of Nanocomposite Food Packaging Materials

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Kotsilkov ◽  
Evgeni Ivanov ◽  
Nikolay Vitanov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Qualitative Risk Assessment

Nanoparticles of graphene and carbon nanotubes are attractive materials for improvement of mechanical and barrier properties and functionality of biodegradable polymers for food packaging applications. However, the increase of the manufacture and consumption increases the probability of exposure of human and environment to such nanomaterials, this rising questions about the risks of nanomaterials since they can be toxic. For a risk assessment, it is crucial to know whether airborne nanoparticles of graphene and carbon nanotubes can be released from nanocomposites into the environment at their end-life, or they remain embedded in the matrix. In this work the release of graphene and carbon nanotubes from the poly(lactic) acid nanocomposite films were studied for the scenarios of: (i) biodegradation of matrix polymer at the disposal of wastes; and (ii) combustion and fire of nanocomposite wastes. Thermogravimetric analysis in air atmosphere, TEM, AFM and SEM were used to verify the release of nanoparticles from nanocomposite films. The three factors model was applied for the quantitative and qualitative risk assessment to the release of graphene and carbon nanotubes from nanocomposite wastes for these scenarios. Safety concern is discussed in respect to the existing regulations for nanowastes stream.

scholarly journals Barrier Properties and Characterizations of Poly(lactic Acid)/ZnO Nanocomposites

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenya Tang ◽  
Fangling Fan ◽  
Zhuangzhuang Chu ◽  
Chunli Fan ◽  
Yuyue Qin
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Nano Zno

This study aimed to reinforce the barrier performance (i.e., oxygen–gas and water–vapor permeability) of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based films. Acetyltributylcitrate and zinc oxide nanoparticle (nano-ZnO), serving as plasticizer and nanofiller, respectively, were blended into a PLA matrix through a solvent-volatilizing method. The structural, morphological, thermal, and mechanical performances were then studied. Scanning electron microscopic images showed a significant dispersion of nano-ZnO in PLA ternary systems with low nano-ZnO content. The interaction between PLA matrix and ZnO nanoparticles was further analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Wide-angle X-ray scattering spectroscopy demonstrated high compatibility between PLA matrix and ZnO nanoparticles. Mechanical property studies revealed good tensile strength and low flexibility. Differential scanning calorimetry curves proved that an amorphous structure mostly existed in PLA ternary systems. The improvements in barrier property and tensile strength indicated that the PLA/nano-ZnO composite films could be used for food packaging application.

scholarly journals Biocompatible Materials Based on Plasticized Poly(lactic acid), Chitosan and Rosemary Ethanolic Extract I. Effect of Chitosan on the Properties of Plasticized Poly(lactic acid) Materials

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Vasile ◽  
Elena Stoleru ◽  
Raluca Nicoleta Darie-Niţa ◽  
Raluca Petronela Dumitriu ◽  
Daniela Pamfil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Rosemary Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Innovative Drug ◽  
Melt Mixing

The purpose of the present study is to develop new multifunctional environmentally friendly materials having applications both in medical and food packaging fields. New poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based multifunctional materials containing additives derived from natural resources like chitosan (CS) and rosemary extract (R) were obtained by melt mixing. Each of the selected components has its own specific properties such as: PLA is a biodegradable thermoplastic aliphatic polyester derived from renewable biomass, heat-resistant, with mechanical properties close to those of polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate, and CS offers good antimicrobial activity and biological functions, while R significantly improves antioxidative action necessary in all applications. A synergy of their combination, an optimum choice of their ratio, and processing parameters led to high performance antimicrobial/antioxidant/biocompatible/environmentally degradable materials. The polyethylene glycol (PEG)-plasticized PLA/chitosan/powdered rosemary extract biocomposites of various compositions were characterized in respect to their mechanical and rheological properties, structure by spectroscopy, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. Scanning electron microscopy images evidence the morphology features added by rosemary powder presence in polymeric materials. Incorporation of additives improved elongation at break, antibacterial and antioxidant activity and also biocompatibility. Migration of bioactive components into D1 simulant is slower for PEG-plasticized PLA containing 6 wt % chitosan and 0.5 wt % rosemary extract (PLA/PEG/6CS/0.5 R) biocomposite and it occurred by a diffusion-controlled mechanism. The biocomposites show high hydrophilicity and good in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. No hematological, biochemical and immunological modifications are induced by subcutaneous implantation of biocomposites. All characteristics of the PEG-plasticized PLA-based biocomposites recommend them as valuable materials for biomedical implants, and as well as for the design of innovative drug delivery systems. Also, the developed biocomposites could be a potential nature-derived active packaging with controlled release of antimicrobial/antioxidant compounds.

Effectiveness assessment of TiO2-Al2O3 nano-mixture as a filler material for improvement of packaging performance of PLA nanocomposite films

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 848-858
Author(s):  
Fatima Zohra Yakdoumi ◽  
Assia Siham Hadj-Hamou
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Nanocomposite Film ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of TiO2-Al2O3 nano-mixture used as filler in improving packaging films performance. Polylactic acid/titanium dioxide (PLA/TiO2), polylactic acid/alumina (PLA/Al2O3) and polylactic acid/TiO2-Al2O3 (PLA/TiO2-Al2O3) nanocomposite films were successfully prepared via melt mixing process and thoroughly characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The properties such as heat resistant, barrier, mechanical and antimicrobial properties, required for food packaging have also been investigated. As compared to the neat PLA film, the developed PLA nanocomposites have displayed superior properties particularly the PLA/ TiO2-Al2O3 nanocomposite film. This resulted material has showed a 22 °C increase in its thermal stability versus 14 and 2 °C in the cases of PLA/TiO2 and PLA/Al2O3 respectively, and a 54% reduction of its water vapor permeability in comparison with 47% for PLA/TiO2 and 39% for PLA/Al2O3. In addition, the PLA/TiO2-Al2O3 had a significant enhancement of its mechanical properties. Its Young modulus increased by 102% unlike 23.60% for the PLA/TiO2 and 44.66% for the PLA/Al2O3. It was also noticed that this nanocomposite film demonstrated stronger antibacterial activity than the two others. The bacterial growth inhibition effect of TiO2-Al2O3 nano-mixture against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli bacteria was more effective than that of its two constituents.

scholarly journals Viscoelastic Properties and Thermal Stability of Nanohydroxyapatite Reinforced Poly-Lactic Acid for Load Bearing Applications

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 5852
Author(s):  
Feven Mattews Michael ◽  
Mohammad Khalid ◽  
Gunasunderi Raju ◽  
Chantara Thevy Ratnam ◽  
Rashmi Walvekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Damping Parameter ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mixing Techniques ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

We studied the reinforcing effects of treated and untreated nanohydroxyapatite (NHA) on poly-lactic acid (PLA). The NHA surface was treated with three different types of chemicals; 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES), sodium n-dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and polyethylenimine (PEI). The nanocomposite samples were prepared using melt mixing techniques by blending 5 wt% untreated NHA and 5 wt% surface-treated NHA (mNHA). Based on the FESEM images, the interfacial adhesion between the mNHA filler and PLA matrix was improved upon surface treatment in the order of mNHA (APTES) > mNHA (SDS) > mNHA (PEI). As a result, the PLA-5wt%mNHA (APTES) nanocomposite showed increased viscoelastic properties such as storage modulus, damping parameter, and creep permanent deformation compared to pure PLA. Similarly, PLA-5wt%mNHA (APTES) thermal properties improved, attaining higher Tc and Tm than pure PLA, reflecting the enhanced nucleating effect of the mNHA (APTES) filler.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Thermal Properties and Nucleating Effect ofN, N, N, N'-Tetra(benzoyl) Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid Dihydrazide as Nucleating Agent of Poly(L-lactic acid)

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1575-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Hua Cai
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Ethylene Diamine ◽  
Tetraacetic Acid ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Benzoyl Hydrazine ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

N, N, N, N'-Tetra(benzoyl) ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid dihydrazide as nucleating agent of Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) was synthesized from benzoyl hydrazine and tetraacetic acid by acylation and ammoniation. and the structure of this novel tetraamide compound had been characterized by FT-IR. The thermal stability ofN, N, N, N'-Tetra(benzoyl) ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid dihydrazide was investigated by TGA thermal analyzer. The result showed good thermal stability ofN, N, N, N'-Tetra(benzoyl) ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid dihydrazide under 170 °C.N, N, N, N'-Tetra(benzoyl) ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid dihydrazide modified PLLA sample was prepared by a melt-mixing technique. With incorporation of 0.5%N, N, N, N'-Tetra(benzoyl) ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid dihydrazide, Non-isothermal crystallization behavior at different cooling rate showed the crystallization peak of PLLA became sharper and shift to higher temperature, and indicated that the presence ofN, N, N, N'-Tetra(benzoyl) ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid dihydrazide accelerated the overall PLLA crystallization.

Synergistic effect of carbon nanoparticles on the mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid) as promising systems for packaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (27) ◽  
pp. 4133-4144
Author(s):  
Anne Caroline da Silva Rocha ◽  
Lívia Rodrigues Menezes ◽  
Emerson Oliveira da Silva ◽  
Maria Clara Guimarães Pedrosa
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Carbon Nanoparticles ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties

Due to the high demand of the use of food packaging in the present day, the waste from the material disposal has become a problem of high environmental impact. In this perspective, biodegradable polymers can represent a viable alternative as they degrade after their disposal, thus reducing their environmental impact. The poly(lactic acid) or polylactide is a biodegradable, biocompatible, and compostable polymer, being considered by many authors as one of the most promising biopolymers in industrial applications. However, its low thermal and mechanical properties make it an unfeasible option to replace synthetic polymers. Consequently, polymer nanocomposites containing carbon nanoparticles are products of relevant interest currently, mainly due to the thermal, mechanical, electrical, and optical properties these materials can present. Therefore, carbon nanoparticles (carbon nanotubes, graphene, and fullerene) modified with octadecylamine in their isolated state and in ternary systems in concentrations of 0.01%, 0.03%, and 0.09% were obtained from poly(lactic acid) polymer nanocomposites. After obtaining them, these systems were analyzed by TGA, DSC, FTIR, XRD, SEM, DMA, and NMR techniques. The presence of the octadecylamine modified carbon nanoparticles was able to increase the thermal and mechanical resistance of the poly(lactic acid) matrix. The systems with 0.03% of the nanostructures showed better results in both analyses. In the system with 0.09%, agglomeration occurred, and in ternary systems, the application of these particles results in a greater impact on the molecular mobility exhibiting a synergistic effect that may come from a better dispersion.

Physical and Barrier Properties of Polylactic Acid/Halloysite Nanotubes-Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposites

2021 ◽  
Vol 1021 ◽  
pp. 280-289
Author(s):  
Abdulkader M. Alakrach ◽  
Awad A. Al-Rashdi ◽  
Mohamed Khalid Al-Omar ◽  
Taha M. Jassam ◽  
Sam Sung Ting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Film Density

In this study, PLA/TiO2 and PLA/HNTs-TiO2 nanocomposites films were fabricated via solution casting method. By testing the film density, solubility, water contact angle and water vapor permeability, the PLA nanocomposite films, the comprehensive performances of the nanocomposites were analysed. The outcomes demonstrated that maximum film density of PLA/TiO2 and PLA/HNTs-TiO2 nanocomposites films increased gradually with the increasing of nanofiller loadings. Moreover, the incorporation of TiO2 and HNTs-TiO2 significantly decreased the water vapor transmittance rate of the nanocomposite films with a slight priority to the addition of HNTs-TiO2, the water solubility was significantly improved with the addition of both nanofillers. Furthermore, the barrier properties were developed with the addition of both TiO2 and HNTs-TiO2 especially after the addition of low nanofiller loadings. Overall, the performance of the PLA/HNTs-TiO2 nanocomposite films was better than that PLA/TiO2 film. Nevertheless, both of the PLA nanocomposite samples achieved the requests of food packaging applications.

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