Effectiveness assessment of TiO2-Al2O3 nano-mixture as a filler material for improvement of packaging performance of PLA nanocomposite films

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 848-858
Author(s):  
Fatima Zohra Yakdoumi ◽  
Assia Siham Hadj-Hamou
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Nanocomposite Film ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of TiO2-Al2O3 nano-mixture used as filler in improving packaging films performance. Polylactic acid/titanium dioxide (PLA/TiO2), polylactic acid/alumina (PLA/Al2O3) and polylactic acid/TiO2-Al2O3 (PLA/TiO2-Al2O3) nanocomposite films were successfully prepared via melt mixing process and thoroughly characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The properties such as heat resistant, barrier, mechanical and antimicrobial properties, required for food packaging have also been investigated. As compared to the neat PLA film, the developed PLA nanocomposites have displayed superior properties particularly the PLA/ TiO2-Al2O3 nanocomposite film. This resulted material has showed a 22 °C increase in its thermal stability versus 14 and 2 °C in the cases of PLA/TiO2 and PLA/Al2O3 respectively, and a 54% reduction of its water vapor permeability in comparison with 47% for PLA/TiO2 and 39% for PLA/Al2O3. In addition, the PLA/TiO2-Al2O3 had a significant enhancement of its mechanical properties. Its Young modulus increased by 102% unlike 23.60% for the PLA/TiO2 and 44.66% for the PLA/Al2O3. It was also noticed that this nanocomposite film demonstrated stronger antibacterial activity than the two others. The bacterial growth inhibition effect of TiO2-Al2O3 nano-mixture against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli bacteria was more effective than that of its two constituents.

Starch–PVA Nanocomposite Film Incorporated with Cellulose Nanocrystals and MMT: A Comparative Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nooshin Noshirvani ◽  
Babak Ghanbarzadeh ◽  
Hadi Fasihi ◽  
Hadi Almasi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Moisture Sorption ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Nanocrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

Abstract The goal of this work was to compare the barrier, mechanical, and thermal properties of two types of starch–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposites. Sodium montmorillonite (MMT) and nanocrystalline cellulose were chosen as nanoreinforcements. X-ray diffraction (XRD) test showed well-distributed MMT in the starch–PVA matrix, possibly implying that the clay nanolayers formed an exfoliated structure. The moisture sorption, solubility and water vapor permeability (WVP) studies revealed that the addition of MMT and nanocrystalline cellulose reduced the moisture affinity of starch–PVA biocomposite. At the level of 7 % MMT, the nanocomposite films showed the highest ultimate tensile strength (UTS) (4.93 MPa) and the lowest strain to break (SB) (57.65 %). The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed an improvement in thermal properties for the starch–PVA–MMT nanocomposites, but not for the starch–PVA–NCC nanocomposites. Results of this study demonstrated that the use of MMT in the fabrication of starch–PVA nanocomposites is more favorable than that of nanocrystalline cellulose to produce a desirable biodegradable film for food packaging applications.

scholarly journals Corn Starch-Chitosan Nanocomposite Film Containing Nettle Essential Oil Nanoemulsions and Starch Nanocrystals: Optimization and Characterization

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2113
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Kalateh-Seifari ◽  
Shima Yousefi ◽  
Hamed Ahari ◽  
Seyed Hedayat Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Nanocomposite Film ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Desirability Function ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Function Technique ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Starch Nanocrystals

In the current study, nanocomposite films were produced based on corn starch:chitosan (CS:CH) biopolymers and the films were reinforced with nettle essential oil nanoemulsions (NEONEs) and starch nanocrystals (SNCs) to improve their physicochemical and mechanical properties. CS: CH at 70:30, 50:50, and 30:70 (w/w) ratios; SNCs at 2, 4, and 6% (w/w), and NEONEs at 0.5, 1, and 1.5% (w/w) were selected as variables. Then the various physical and mechanical attributes of chitosan-starch blended film containing SNCs and NEONEs were optimized using response surface methodology. The desirability function technique for the second-order polynomial models revealed that the following results could be achieved as the optimized treatment: water solubility of 51.56%; water absorption capacity of 128.75%; surface color of L (89.60), a (0.96), and b (1.90); water vapor permeability of 0.335 g/s Pa m, oxygen permeability of 2.60 cm3 μm/m2 d kPa; thickness of 154.41 µm, elongation at break of 53.54%; and tensile strength of 0.20 MPa at CS:CH of 38:62, SNC of 6.0%, and NEONEs of 0.41%. The nanocomposite film obtained can be employed as a novel biofunctional film with boosted physical mechanical and physical characteristics for food packaging applications.

scholarly journals Development of green MMT-modified hemicelluloses based nanocomposite film with enhanced functional and barrier properties

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 8029-8047
Author(s):  
Kassim M. Haafiz ◽  
Owolabi F. A. Taiwo ◽  
Nadhilah Razak ◽  
Hashim Rokiah ◽  
Hussin M. Hazwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Nanocomposite Film ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

A biocomposite was successfully prepared by blending montmorillonite (MMT)/hemicellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) through solution casting. The composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results displayed good compatibility between the mixtures of the blended MMT/hemicellulose and CMC due to the hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction. There was an improvement in the thermal analysis through their thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), mechanical properties (tensile strength and tensile modulus),and water vapor permeability (WVP). The best values of tensile strength and tensile modulus of 47.5 MPa and 2.62 MPa, respectively, were obtained from 60H-40CMC-MMT nanocomposite films. The results showed that the mixture of the blended MMT/hemicelluloses and CMC produced a robust nanocomposite film with improved physical and mechanical properties, demonstrating that it is a promising candidate for green packaging applications.

scholarly journals Incorporation of Lipids into Wheat Bran Cellulose/Wheat Gluten Composite Film Improves Its Water Resistance Properties

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Guanghui Shen ◽  
Guoxian Yu ◽  
Hejun Wu ◽  
Shanshan Li ◽  
Xiaoyan Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Film ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional

This work evaluated the improvement effects of lipids incorporation on water resistance of composite biodegradable film prepared with wheat bran cellulose/wheat gluten (WBC/WG) using an alkaline–ethanol film forming system. Four types of lipids, paraffin wax (PW), beeswax (BW), paraffin oil (PO), and oleic acid (OA), were tested. We found that PW, BW, and PO incorporation at 5–20% improved water vapor permeability (WVP) and surface hydrophobicity of prepared films. Particularly, incorporation of 15% BW could best improve the water resistance properties of the film, with the lowest WVP of 0.76 × 10−12 g/cm·s·Pa and largest water contact angle (WCA) of 86.18°. Incorporation of OA led to the decline in moisture barrier properties. SEM images revealed that different lipids incorporation changed the morphology and of the composite film, and cross-sectional morphology indicated BW-incorporated film obtained more uniform and compact structures compared to other films. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated that the incorporation of PW or BW enhanced the molecular interactions between the film components, confirmed by the chemical shift of characteristic peaks at 3277 and 1026 cm−1. Differential scanning calorimetry results revealed that incorporation of PW, BW, and PO increased films’ melting point, decomposition temperatures, and enthalpy values. Furthermore, the presence of most lipids decreased tensile strength and elongation at the break of the film. Overall, the composite film containing 15% BW obtained the most promising water resistance performance and acceptable mechanical properties, and it thus most suitable as a hydrophobic biodegradable material for food packaging.

scholarly journals Development of Polylactic Acid Films with Selenium Microparticles and Its Application for Food Packaging

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Rui Lu ◽  
Dur E. Sameen ◽  
Wen Qin ◽  
Dingtao Wu ◽  
Jianwu Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Natural Element

Selenium is a natural element which exists in the human body and plays an important role in metabolism. Along with this, selenium also possesses antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Using selenium microparticles (SeMPs) in food packaging films is exceptional. In this experiment, a solution casting method was used to make film. For this purpose, we used polylactic acid (PLA) as a substrate for the formation of a film membrane while SeMPs were added with certain ratios to attain antibacterial and antioxidant properties. The effects of SeMPs on the PLA film and the value of SeMPs in food packaging film production were investigated. The effects of the SeMPs contents on the features of the film, such as its mechanical property, solubility, swelling capacity, water vapor permeability, antioxidant activity, and the antibacterial activity of the composite membrane against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) strains, were studied. The results manifest that the PLA/SeMPs films showed higher water resistance, UV resistance, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial activity than pure PLA film. When the concentration of SeMPs was 1.5 wt%, the composite membrane showed the best comprehensive performance. Although the tensile strength and elongation at break of the membrane were slightly reduced by the addition of SeMPs, the results show that PLA/SeMPs films are still suitable for food packaging and would be a very promising material for food packaging.

scholarly journals Structure and Properties of Polylactic Acid Biocomposite Films Reinforced with Cellulose Nanofibrils

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 3306
Author(s):  
Qianqian Wang ◽  
Chencheng Ji ◽  
Jianzhong Sun ◽  
Qianqian Zhu ◽  
Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Enzymatic Pretreatment ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analyzer ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Biocomposite Films ◽  
Renewable Feedstock ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most promising biodegradable and recyclable thermoplastic biopolymer derived from renewable feedstock. Nanocellulose reinforced PLA biocomposites have received increasing attention in academic and industrial communities. In the present study, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) was liberated by combined enzymatic pretreatment and high-pressure homogenization, and then subsequently incorporated into the PLA matrix to synthesize PLA/CNF biocomposite films via solution casting and melt compression. The prepared PLA/CNF biocomposite films were characterized in terms of transparency (UV-Vis spectroscopy), chemical structure (attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared, ATR-FTIR; X-ray powder diffraction, XRD), thermal (thermogravimetric analyzer, TGA; differential scanning calorimetry, DSC), and tensile properties. With 1.0–5.0 wt % additions of CNF to the PLA matrix, noticeable improvements in thermal and physical properties were observed for the resulting PLA/CNF biocomposites. The 2.5 wt % addition of CNF increased the tensile strength by 8.8%. The Tonset (initial degradation temperature) and Tmax (maximum degradation temperature) after adding 5.0 wt % CNF was increased by 20 °C, and 10 °C, respectively in the nitrogen atmosphere. These improvements were attributed to the good dispersibility and improved interfacial interaction of CNF in the PLA matrix.

Antimicrobial Activity of Allyl Isothiocyanate Used To Coat Biodegradable Composite Films as Affected by Storage and Handling Conditions†

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 2234-2237 ◽  
Author(s):  
WEILI LI ◽  
LINSHU LIU ◽  
TONY Z. JIN
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Microbial Reduction ◽  
Biodegradable Composite

We evaluated the effects of storage and handling conditions on the antimicrobial activity of biodegradable composite films (polylactic acid and sugar beet pulp) coated with allyl isothiocyanate (AIT). Polylactic acid and chitosan were incorporated with AIT and used to coat one side of the film. The films were subjected to different storage conditions (storage time, storage temperature, and packed or unpacked) and handling conditions (washing, abrasion, and air blowing), and the antimicrobial activity of the films against Salmonella Stanley in tryptic soy broth was determined. The films (8.16 μl of AIT per cm2 of surface area) significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited the growth of Salmonella during 24 h of incubation at 22°C, while the populations of Salmonella in controls increased from ca. 4 to over 8 log CFU/ml, indicating a minimum inactivation of 4 log CFU/ml on films in comparison to the growth on controls. Statistical analyses indicated that storage time, storage temperature, and surface abrasion affected the antimicrobial activity of the films significantly (P < 0.05). However, the differences in microbial reduction between those conditions were less than 0.5 log cycle. The results suggest that the films' antimicrobial properties are stable under practical storage and handling conditions and that these antimicrobial films have potential applications in food packaging.

scholarly journals Ionic Liquids as Delaminating Agents of Layered Double Hydroxide during In-Situ Synthesis of Poly (Butylene Adipate-co-Terephthalate) Nanocomposites

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hynek Beneš ◽  
Jana Kredatusová ◽  
Jakub Peter ◽  
Sébastien Livi ◽  
Sonia Bujok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Inorganic Particles ◽  
In Situ Preparation ◽  
End Use ◽  
Co Precipitation

Currently, highly demanded biodegradable or bio-sourced plastics exhibit inherent drawbacks due to their limited processability and end-use properties (barrier, mechanical, etc.). To overcome all of these shortcomings, the incorporation of lamellar inorganic particles, such as layered double hydroxides (LDH) seems to be appropriate. However, LDH delamination and homogenous dispersion in a polymer matrix without use of harmful solvents, remains a challenging issue, which explains why LDH-based polymer nanocomposites have not been scaled-up yet. In this work, LDH with intercalated ionic liquid (IL) anions were synthesized by a direct co-precipitation method in the presence of phosphonium IL and subsequently used as functional nanofillers for in-situ preparation of poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) nanocomposites. The intercalated IL-anions promoted LDH swelling in monomers and LDH delamination during the course of in-situ polycondensation, which led to the production of PBAT/LDH nanocomposites with intercalated and exfoliated morphology containing well-dispersed LDH nanoplatelets. The prepared nanocomposite films showed improved water vapor permeability and mechanical properties and slightly increased crystallization degree and therefore can be considered excellent candidates for food packaging applications.

Preparation and Characterization of Corn Starch-Nanodiamond Composite Films

2013 ◽  
Vol 469 ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Pan ◽  
Dan Xu ◽  
Qin Liu ◽  
Hui Qing Ren ◽  
Min Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Loading Amount ◽  
Physical Blending

Starch-based nanocomposite films were fabricated by the incorporation of different amounts of nanodiamond (ND) particles. These films were characterized by SEM, FT-IR, TGA, tensile testing and water vapor permeability measurement. It was observed that at low loadings, ND dispersed well in starch matrix. However, as the loading amount increased, aggregates as large as several micrometers appeared. The physical blending of ND with starch didnt change the thermal degradation mechanisms of starch films, only increased the char residues. As the ND loading increased, the tensile strength of composite films increased but the elongation at break decreased. However, the water vapor permeability increased as the loading of ND increased due to the increased microspores in films. With further modifications, ND may be considered as a novel of biocompatible nanofillers for reinforcement of biopolymers for food packaging applications.

scholarly journals Utilization Of Sugarcane Bagasse Cellulose-Clay Nanocomposite As A Biodegradable And Antibacterial Packaging Material To Extend The Food's Shelf Life

Khazanah ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadya Fitriani Pitaloka ◽  
◽  
Ardilla Sriwijayanti ◽  
Santi Anisa ◽  
Irne Dyah Ayu Wijayanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Nanocomposite Film ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Vapor Permeability

Food packaging materials derived from fossil fuels are single-use products that harm the health of living things when disposed of by releasing toxic byproducts. Many communities are starting to be more environmentally friendly by using biopolymers. However, some biopolymers do not have antibacterial properties, thus shortening the food’s shelf life and not applicable in food packaging. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to develop a biodegradable and antimicrobial food packaging from sugarcane bagasse and clay that degrades over time without compromising the food’s shelf life. Cellulose acetate butyrate (cab) was prepared in an amimcl ionic liquid system from sugarcane bagasse. Then the cab was plasticized using peg, resulting a film. Besides, montmorillonite (mmt) clay was modified with aryl ammonium cations using a cation exchange technique to form bmmt. The nanocomposite film was prepared by mixing the plasticized cab and bmmt, then heated at 50c to evaporate the solution. The nanocomposite film was obtained as a prototype of food packaging. Several tests were conducted including mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (wvp), antimicrobial and toxicity test. Based on research by saha et.al, 2008, the nanocomposite film with the cag, peg and bmmt 100:20:3 composition gave the best mechanical properties because of the agglomeration of bmmt. Also, the nanocomposite film had promising wvp properties as a plastic because the clay layers reduced the water vapor diffusion across the polymer matrix. The toxicity test showed that this nanocomposite film was compatible in human blood. Lastly, this nanocomposite film has antibacterial activity against b. Subtilis and p. Cepacia because of the bmmt presence. In conclusion, the nanocomposite film from sugarcane bagasse and clay containing cag, peg and bmmt 100:20:3 is a promising material for a biodegradable and antimicrobial food packaging, because it has sufficient mechanical properties, antibacterial activity, low wvp and is non-toxic.

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