scholarly journals Pandemic-Driven Development of a Medical-Grade, Economic and Decentralized Applicable Polyolefin Filament for Additive Fused Filament Fabrication

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 5929
Author(s):  
Felix Burkhardt ◽  
Carl G. Schirmeister ◽  
Christian Wesemann ◽  
Massimo Nutini ◽  
Stefano Pieralli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Medical Standards

A polyolefin with certified biocompatibility according to USP class VI was used by our group as feedstock for filament-based 3D printing to meet the highest medical standards in order to print personal protective equipment for our university hospital during the ongoing pandemic. Besides the chemical resistance and durability, as well as the ability to withstand steam sterilization, this polypropylene (PP) copolymer is characterized by its high purity, as achieved by highly efficient and selective catalytic polymerization. As the PP copolymer is suited to be printed with all common printers in fused filament fabrication (FFF), it offers an eco-friendly cost–benefit ratio, even for large-scale production. In addition, a digital workflow was established focusing on common desktop FFF printers in the medical sector. It comprises the simulation-based optimization of personalized print objects, considering the inherent material properties such as warping tendency, through to validation of the process chain by 3D scanning, sterilization, and biocompatibility analysis of the printed part. This combination of digital data processing and 3D printing with a sustainable and medically certified material showed great promise in establishing decentralized additive manufacturing in everyday hospital life to meet peaks in demand, supply bottlenecks, and enhanced personalized patient treatment.

scholarly journals Polyamide 12/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube and Carbon Black Nanocomposites Manufactured by 3D Printing Fused Filament Fabrication: A Comparison of the Electrical, Thermoelectric, and Mechanical Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Nectarios Vidakis ◽  
Markos Petousis ◽  
Lazaros Tzounis ◽  
Emmanuel Velidakis ◽  
Nikolaos Mountakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fracture Mechanisms ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Polyamide 12

In this study, nanocomposites with polyamide 12 (PA12) as the polymer matrix and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon black (CB) at different loadings (2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 wt.%) as fillers, were produced in 3D printing filament form by melt mixing extrusion process. The filament was then used to build specimens with the fused filament fabrication (FFF) three-dimensional (3D) printing process. The aim was to produce by FFF 3D printing, electrically conductive and thermoelectric functional specimens with enhanced mechanical properties. All nanocomposites’ samples were electrically conductive at filler loadings above the electrical percolation threshold. The highest thermoelectric performance was obtained for the PA12/CNT nanocomposite at 10.0 wt.%. The static tensile and flexural mechanical properties, as well as the Charpy’s impact and Vickers microhardness, were determined. The highest improvement in mechanical properties was observed for the PA12/CNT nanocomposites at 5.0 wt.% filler loading. The fracture mechanisms were identified by fractographic analyses of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images acquired from fractured surfaces of tensile tested specimens. The nanocomposites produced could find a variety of applications such as; 3D-printed organic thermoelectric materials for plausible large-scale thermal energy harvesting applications, resistors for flexible circuitry, and piezoresistive sensors for strain sensing.

scholarly journals The Tailored Traveller: Exploring digital vehicle data and large-scale FDM 3D printing to produce a luxury sleeping space

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
William Rykers
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Research Through Design ◽  
Vehicle Data ◽  
3D Printed

<p>This research is focused towards the use of large-scale FDM 3D printing within the automotive industry, specifically to design a bespoke habitable sleeping environment attached to a Range Rover Sport. 3D printing has risen as a viable form of manufacturing in comparison with conventional methods. Allowing the designer to capitalise on digital data, enabling specific tailored designs to any vehicle model. This thesis asks the question “Can design use the properties of digital vehicle data in conjunction with large-scale FDM 3D printing to sustainably produce bespoke habitable sleeping environments for an automotive context?” Further to this, FDM 3D printing at a large-scale has so far not been explored extensively within the automotive industry.  FDM 3D printing is an emerging technology that possesses the ability to revolutionise the automotive industry, through expansion of functionality, customisation and aesthetic that is currently limited by traditional manufacturing methods. Presently, vehicle models are digitally mapped, creating an opportunity for customisation and automatic adaption through computer aided drawing (CAD). This thesis takes advantage of the digitisation of the automotive industry through 3D modelling and renders as a design and development tool.   This project explored a variety of methods to demonstrate a vision of a 3D printed habitable sleeping environment. The primary methodologies employed in this research project are Research for Design (RfD) and Research through Design (RtD). These methodologies work in conjunction to combine design theory and practice as a genuine method of inquiry. The combination of theory and design practice has ensued in the concepts being analysed, reflected and discussed according to a reflective analysis design approach. The design solution resulted in an innovative and luxury bespoke habitable sleeping space to be FDM 3D printed. Through the use of digitisation, the sleeping capsule was cohesively tailored to the unique design language of the Range Rover Sport. This thesis resulted in various final outputs including a 1:1 digital model, high quality renders, accompanied by small scale prototypes, photographs and sketch models.</p>

scholarly journals Thrombolytic Enzymes of Microbial Origin: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10468
Author(s):  
Deepti Diwan ◽  
Zeba Usmani ◽  
Minaxi Sharma ◽  
James W. Nelson ◽  
Vijay Kumar Thakur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Thrombotic Complications

Enzyme therapies are attracting significant attention as thrombolytic drugs during the current scenario owing to their great affinity, specificity, catalytic activity, and stability. Among various sources, the application of microbial-derived thrombolytic and fibrinolytic enzymes to prevent and treat vascular occlusion is promising due to their advantageous cost–benefit ratio and large-scale production. Thrombotic complications such as stroke, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, and peripheral occlusive diseases resulting from blood vessel blockage are the major cause of poor prognosis and mortality. Given the ability of microbial thrombolytic enzymes to dissolve blood clots and prevent any adverse effects, their use as a potential thrombolytic therapy has attracted great interest. A better understanding of the hemostasis and fibrinolytic system may aid in improving the efficacy and safety of this treatment approach over classical thrombolytic agents. Here, we concisely discuss the physiological mechanism of thrombus formation, thrombo-, and fibrinolysis, thrombolytic and fibrinolytic agents isolated from bacteria, fungi, and algae along with their mode of action and the potential application of microbial enzymes in thrombosis therapy.

scholarly journals Study of Additive Manufacturing for the Aircraft Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Aircraft Industry ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
Step Over

This is a review paper on 3D printing, its significance, and future scope in the aircraft industry.In this article, additive manufacturing is compared with traditional manufacturing in the context of the aircraft industry that gives more accurate knowledge about how additive manufacturing is more effective in terms of cost-cutting, waste prevention, customization, and large-scale production. We will go into the need for 3D printing technology, how it has taken in step over other manufacturing process and are being used for a host of different applications. The paper gives sufficient information about various types of material used in additive manufacturing with the applications, examples, requirements, and process moreover some overview of limitations as well. How Rapid tooling is used with a different process to reduce time and get more productive and efficient parts for the aircraft industries. The use of 3D printing technology in the aircraft industry plays a major role and gained immense applications. It has greatly affected the production line due to its flexibility and ease of production. It is capable of producing intricate parts, a more resilient and lightweight structure that achievesa weight reduction of 40-60%, subsequently result in a leaner cost structure, material saving, and lower fuel consumption.The last section deals with the future scope of additive manufacturing in the aircraft industry with various parameters design aircraft wings, complex design parts, additive manufacturing in space. More companies and the aerospace industry continue to see the value of 3D printing and begin developing on-site 3D printing operations and investing in the technology

scholarly journals Surpassing the 10% efficiency milestone for 1-cm2 all-polymer solar cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baobing Fan ◽  
Wenkai Zhong ◽  
Lei Ying ◽  
Difei Zhang ◽  
Meijing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Thick Film ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Polymer Solar Cells ◽  
Charge Recombination ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Scale Production

Abstract Naphthalenediimide-based n-type polymeric semiconductors are extensively used for constructing high-performance all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs). For such all-polymer systems, charge recombination can be reduced by using thinner active layers, yet suffering insufficient near-infrared light harvesting from the polymeric acceptor. Conversely, increasing the layer thickness overcomes the light harvesting issue, but at the cost of severe charge recombination effects. Here we demonstrate that to manage light propagation within all-PSCs, a thick bulk-heterojunction film of approximately 350 nm is needed to effectively enhance photo-harvesting in the near-infrared region. To overcome the severe charge recombination in such a thick film, a non-halogenic additive is used to induce a well-ordered micro-structure that inherently suppresses recombination loss. The combined strategies of light management and delicate morphology optimization lead to a promising efficiency over 10% for thick-film all-PSCs with active area of 1 cm2, showing great promise for future large-scale production and application of all-PSCs.

scholarly journals Thermal energy in Brazil, production and use

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Andriele Egídio ◽  
Giulia Dalmolin Vieira ◽  
Paulo Henrique Santos ◽  
Francini Binotto Missuiura ◽  
Lethicia Mann Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Thermoelectric Energy ◽  
Starting Point

The human being has become mechanical and unable to supply his or her individual and collective needs through subsistent processes; one would need mechanized means for a large-scale production. The energy production enabled the success and dynamics of the process in the industrial revolution, between the 18th and 19th centuries. With the various options for energy production (coal, water, wind, etc), comes the challenge of environmental awareness in measuring the demand for natural raw materials. The main objective of the article is to analyse information about the operation of thermoelectric plants and the use of products and by-products, such as waste and other important aspects. These aspects include the understanding of thermoelectric energy production processes and its advantages and disadvantages, evaluation of the applications of residues and analysis of the cost-benefit of its acquisition, along with the examination of demand for the types of energy used in Brazil. As a regional reference point in Santa Catarina -Brazil – the Jorge Lacerda Complex was the starting point for this study. The data collected and gauged from this work came exclusively from bibliographical research of students and guidance from third-year teachers, from São José School, city of Itajaí -SC. Here they concluded that biomass, as a renewable source in energy generation is already part of the Brazilian electric matrix representing 8.2%. This value is more than twice the amount used worldwide, but it still symbolizes only a complementary source, which concretely results in less harmful waste production. Thermoelectric energy, although not clean, is a less polluting option - compared to other non-renewable ones - and contains technologies that reduce environmental impacts. Examples include the reuse of water, filters at the top of the chimneys to reduce the emission of pollutants, and the use of ashes for cement production. Thus, this article sought to cohesively structure the production of thermoelectric energy, making it clear how the process and impacts on the social environment occur. Information can transform realities, through research, the future can be transformed.

Research of 3D Printing Modes of Feedstock for Metal Injection Molding

2020 ◽  
Vol 992 ◽  
pp. 461-466
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Korotchenko ◽  
D.E. Khilkov ◽  
M.V. Tverskoy ◽  
A.A. Khilkova
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Metal Injection Molding ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Cost

In this work, to reduce the cost of production of parts using injection molding metal technology (MIM technology), it is proposed to use additive technologies (AT) for the manufacture of green parts. The use of AT allows us to abandon expensive molds and expand the field of use of the MIM of technology in single and small-scale production. For manufacture of green parts, the technology of manufacturing fused filament (Fused Filament Fabrication – FFF) is offered. The original composition of the metal powder mix (feedstock) and the filament manufacturing modes for 3D printing have been developed for the FFF technology. The cost of filament is much lower than its analogs. The factors affecting the print quality of green part are considered. All factors are divided into two groups depending on the possibility of their change during printing. The research of the influence of the coefficient filament supply on the geometry of green parts during 3D printing is presented.

scholarly journals Neural progenitor cell-derived nanovesicles promote hair follicle growth via miR-100

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Cao ◽  
Tian Tian ◽  
Yuanbo Huang ◽  
Shiqin Tao ◽  
Xiaohong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dermal Papilla ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cell ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Scale Production

Abstract Background: Accumulating evidence shows that mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great promise to promote hair growth. However, large-scale production of EVs is still a challenge. Recently, exosome-mimetic nanovesicles (NV) prepared by extruding cells have emerged as an alternative strategy for clinical-scale production. Here, ReNcell VM (ReN) cells, a neural progenitor cell line was serially extruded to produce NV. Results: The ReN-NV were found to promote dermal papilla cell (DPC) proliferation. In addition, in a mouse model of depilation-induced hair regeneration, ReN-NV were injected subcutaneously, resulting in an acceleration of hair follicle (HF) cycling transition at the site. The underlying mechanism was indicated to be the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, miR-100 was revealed to be abundant in ReN-NV and significantly up-regulated in DPCs receiving ReN-NV treatment. miR-100 inhibition verified its important role in ReN-NV-induced β-catenin signaling activation. Conclusion: These results provide an alternative agent to EVs and suggest a strategy for hair growth therapy.

scholarly journals Aligning single-cell developmental and reprogramming trajectories identifies molecular determinants of reprogramming outcome

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Cacchiarelli ◽  
Xiaojie Qiu ◽  
Sanjay Srivatsan ◽  
Michael Ziller ◽  
Eliah Overbey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cellular Reprogramming ◽  
Bmp Signaling ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Branch Points ◽  
Molecular Determinants

AbstractCellular reprogramming through manipulation of defined factors holds great promise for large-scale production of cell types needed for use in therapy, as well as for expanding our understanding of the general principles of gene regulation. MYOD-mediated myogenic reprogramming, which converts many cell types into contractile myotubes, remains one of the best characterized model system for direct conversion by defined factors. However, why MYOD can efficiently convert some cell types into myotubes but not others remains poorly understood. Here, we analyze MYOD-mediated reprogramming of human fibroblasts at pseudotemporal resolution using single-cell RNA-Seq. Successfully reprogrammed cells navigate a trajectory with two branches that correspond to two barriers to reprogramming, with cells that select incorrect branches terminating at aberrant or incomplete reprogramming outcomes. Differential analysis of the major branch points alongside alignment of the successful reprogramming path to a primary myoblast trajectory revealed Insulin and BMP signaling as crucial molecular determinants of an individual cell’s reprogramming outcome, that when appropriately modulated, increased efficiency more than five-fold. Our single-cell analysis reveals that MYOD is sufficient to reprogram cells only when the extracellular milieu is favorable, supporting MYOD with upstream signaling pathways that drive normal myogenesis in development.

scholarly journals DoE Analysis of Approaches for Hydrogel Microbeads’ Preparation by Millifluidic Methods

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1007
Author(s):  
Anna Nastruzzi ◽  
Gabriele Pitingolo ◽  
Giovanni Luca ◽  
Claudio Nastruzzi
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cell Transplants

Hydrogel microbeads hold great promise for immune-protective cell transplants and in vitro studies. Millifluidic generation of hydrogel microbeads is a highly efficient and reproducible approach enabling a mass production. This paper illustrates the preparation and characterization of highly controlled and reproducible microbeads made by different types of hydrogel using millifluidic approaches. The optimization of the process was made by a design of experiments (DoE) approach. The microbeads’ large-scale production can be potentially used for single cells or clusters encapsulation.

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