scholarly journals Synthesis, Stability, and Antidiabetic Activity Evaluation of (−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) Palmitate Derived from Natural Tea Polyphenols

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Bingbing Liu ◽  
Zhengzhong Kang ◽  
Weidong Yan
Keyword(s):  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Docking Simulations ◽  
Palmitoyl Chloride ◽  
Novel Approach

This work describes a novel approach for the synthesis of (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) palmitate by a chemical-synthesis method, where the elevated stability of the EGCG derivative is achieved. Various parameters affecting the acylation process, such as the base, solvent, as well as the molar ratio of palmitoyl chloride, have been studied to optimize the acylation procedure. The optimized reaction condition was set as follows: EGCG/palmitoyl chloride/sodium acetate was under a molar ratio of 1:2:2, with acetone as the solvent, and the reaction temperature was 40 °C. Under the optimized condition, the yield reached 90.6%. The EGCG palmitate (PEGCG) was isolated and identified as 4′-O-palmitoyl EGCG. Moreover, the stability of PEGCG under different conditions was proved significantly superior to EGCG. Finally, PEGCG showed better inhibition towards α-amylase and α-glucosidase, which was 4.5 and 52 times of EGCG, respectively. Molecular docking simulations confirmed the in vitro assay results. This study set a novel and practical synthetic approach for the derivatization of EGCG, and suggest that PEGCG may act as an antidiabetic agent.

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Amoxicillin Loaded Hybrid Material Composite Spheres Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arfat Yameen ◽  
Amir Zeb ◽  
Raza E Mustafa ◽  
Sana Mushtaq ◽  
Nargis Aman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Hybrid Material ◽  
Ag Nanoparticles ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies ◽  
Material Composite

Background: Incoherent use of antibiotics has led toward resistance in MRSA, which is becoming multidrugresistant with high rate of virulence in the community and hospital settings. Objective: Synergistic anti-MRSA activity was investigated in this study for hybrid material composite spheres of amoxicillin, Ag nanoparticles and chitosan which were prepared by one-step synthesis method and various characterizations were performed. Methods: Antimicrobial-susceptibility assay on MRSA was achieved by disc diffusion and agar dilution techniques while agar well diffusion was used for hybrid composite spheres. The in vitro and cytotoxicity studies was done by skin abrasion mouse model and MTT assay on RD cell respectively. Results: All isolates were resistant with the tested antibiotics except vancomycin. MIC against MRSA showed high resistance with amoxicillin from 4 to 128 mg L-1. The mean diameter of chitosan spheres and Ag nanoparticles was 02 mm and 277 nm respectively. Morphology of spheres was uneven, varied, porous and irregular in SEM and Ag nanoparticles presence and formation was also seen in micrograph. No substantial interface among drug, nanoparticles and polymer was found in XRD and IR showed characteristic peaks of all compound in the formulation. The in vitro assay showed augmented anti-MRSA activity with amoxicillin loaded hybrid composite spheres (22-29 mm). A significant reduction in microbial burden (~6.5 log10 CFU ml-1) was seen in vivo with loaded hybrid composite spheres formulation. The MTT assay indicated no potential cytotoxicity with hybrid composite spheres. Conclusion: Synergistic effect, amoxicillin, new hybrid formulation, anti-MRSA activity, composite spheres. nanoparticles.

scholarly journals NANO-VESICLES OF SALBUTAMOL SULPHATE IN METERED DOSE INHALERS: FORMULATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona G. Arafa ◽  
Bassam M. Ayoub
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Pulmonary Delivery ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Metered Dose Inhalers ◽  
Salbutamol Sulphate ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Metered Dose

Objective: The present work was aimed to prepare niosomes entrapping salbutamol sulphate (SS) using reversed phase evaporation method (REV).Methods: Niosomes were prepared by mixing span 60 and cholesterol in 1:1 molar ratio in chloroform, SS in water was then added to organic phase to form niosomal SS. Formulations after evaporation of chloroform, freeze centrifuged then lyophilized, were evaluated for particles size, polydispersity index (Pdi), zeta-potential, morphology, entrapment efficiency (EE%) and in vitro release. For pulmonary delivery; metered dose inhalers (MDI) were prepared by suspending SS niosomes equivalent to 20 mg SS in hydrofluoroalkane (HFA). The metered valve was investigated for leakage rate, the total number of puffs/canister, weight/puff, dose uniformity and particle size.Results: The results showed spherical niosomes with 400-451 nm particles that entrapped 66.19% of SS. 76.54±0.132% SS release from niosomes that showed a controlled release profile for 8h. The leakage test was not exceeding 4 mg/3 d, the number of puffs were up to 200puffs/canister, the dose delivered/puff was 0.1 mg and 0.64-4.51μm niosomal aerosol.Conclusion: The results indicate an encouraging strategy to formulate a controlled drug delivery by entrapping (SS) in niosomes which could be packaged into (MDI) that met the requirements of (USP) aerosols guidelines which offering a novel approach to respiratory delivery.

Abstract T P99: Development of Liposomes Loaded With Computed Tomogratphy Contrast Agent for Thrombus Imaging

Stroke ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stepan Koudelka ◽  
Petra Cimflova ◽  
Jaroslav Turanek ◽  
Robert Mikulik
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Preparation Technology ◽  
Lipid Film ◽  
Thrombus Imaging ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Ct Contrast Agent

Introduction: Liposomes are the most established nanocarriers that can be loaded with contrast agents as well as tailored for targeting to the desired tissue. Targeted CT liposomes represent a novel approach for rapid thrombus imaging. They allow specific and selective accumulation in thrombus providing significant contrast enhancement (expressed as HU) over the surrounding tissue. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that preparation technology will produce homogenous liposomes with sufficient level of loaded CT contrast agent. Methods: Liposomes were composed of distearoyl phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine - polyethylene glycol 2000 (molar ratio, 55/45/5). CT liposomes were prepared by lipid film hydration with iohexol (Omnipaque 350, GE Healthcare) followed by freeze-thaw extrusion (100 nm). Subsequently, they were purified by dialysis (Slide-A-Lyzer, cut-off 10 kDa) to remove un-loaded ioxehol. After purification, liposome-associated iohexol was determined by UV/VIS spectrophotometry and CT. Size distribution of final CT liposomes was assessed by dynamic light scattering. Results: Preparation technology produced homogenous liposome population having appropriate size distribution (90-110 nm and PD index, 0.05-0.10). Iohexol that remains associated in final CT liposomes represented only 5% of its initial level entering the preparation process. Almost 95% of iohexol was released and its final content was found to be 5 mg iodine/ml. Conclusions: Liposomal CT formulation was prepared with satisfactory size distribution and homogenity. Although the significant portion of iohexol was released, these CT liposomes were still detectable in vitro by CT. This basic liposomal platform will be optimized to achieve higher iohexol loading and will be further developed for thrombus imaging such as targeted CT liposomes.

scholarly journals Identification of Ent-Kaurane Diterpenoid Compounds as Potential Inhibitors of the PI3K Pathway in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Through Molecular Docking Simulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2110332
Author(s):  
Pham T. Hong Minh ◽  
Tran T. Hoai Van ◽  
Tran Q. Toan ◽  
Le M. Bui ◽  
Nguyen H. Thuan Anh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Molecular Docking Study ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Docking Simulations

Annual mortality of 8.2 million could be attributable to cancer globally, posing a serious health issue; particularly, the high number of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) diagnosed cases in recent years highlight the need for development in anticancer agents. In NSCLC, a number of specific inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), Protein kinase B (AKT), and mammalian target of rapamycin are currently under development; however, the early evidence has yielded disappointing results. Ent-kaurane diterpenoid compounds from Cronton tonkinensis have been investigated for several bioactivities such as antibacterial, cytotoxic activity, and so on;; however, lung cancer is not yet studied. In this study, we conducted a molecular docking study of 7 ent-kaurane diterpenoids from C tonkinensis against PI3K targeted anticancer therapies; furthermore, their cytotoxicity effects against A549 lung cancer cells were also evaluated. Obtained results indicated that compounds 7, 6, 2, and 1 exhibited significant inhibitory results in comparison to the reference drug oxaliplatin which suggests further in vitro assay for drug development.

scholarly journals Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Extract of Oak Fruit Hull (Jaft): Synthesis and In Vitro Cytotoxic Effect on MCF-7 Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rouhollah Heydari ◽  
Marzieh Rashidipour
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Plant Sample ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
Mcf 7

A green synthetic approach by using oak fruit hull (Jaft) extract for preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was developed and optimized. Parameters affecting the synthesis of AgNPs, such as temperature, extract pH, and concentration of extract (ratio of plant sample to extraction solvent), were investigated and optimized. Optimum conditions for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles are as follows: Ag+concentration, 1 mM; extract concentration, 40 g/L (4% w/v); pH = 9 and temperature, 45°C. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). TEM and DLS analyses have shown the synthesized AgNPs were predominantly spherical in shape with an average size of 40 nm. The cytotoxic activity of the synthesized AgNPs and Jaft extract containing AgNPs against human breast cancer cell (MCF-7) was investigated and the half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were found to be 50 and 0.04 μg/mL at 24 h incubation, respectively. This eco-friendly and cost-effective synthesis method can be potentially used for large-scale production of silver nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Computational and In Vitro Investigation of (-)-Epicatechin and Proanthocyanidin B2 as Inhibitors of Human Matrix Metalloproteinase 1

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Eun Lee ◽  
Shiv Bharadwaj ◽  
Umesh Yadava ◽  
Sang Gu Kang
Keyword(s):  
Binding Free Energy ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Free Energy Calculations ◽  
Free Radical Scavengers ◽  
Strong Inhibitor ◽  
Docking Simulations ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ◽  
In Vitro Investigation

Matrix metalloproteinases 1 (MMP-1) energetically triggers the enzymatic proteolysis of extracellular matrix collagenase (ECM), resulting in progressive skin aging. Natural flavonoids are well known for their antioxidant properties and have been evaluated for inhibition of matrix metalloproteins in human. Recently, (-)-epicatechin and proanthocyanidin B2 were reported as essential flavanols from various natural reservoirs as potential anti-inflammatory and free radical scavengers. However, their molecular interactions and inhibitory potential against MMP-1 are not yet well studied. In this study, sequential absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) profiling, quantum mechanics calculations, and molecular docking simulations by extra precision Glide protocol predicted the drug-likeness of (-)-epicatechin (−7.862 kcal/mol) and proanthocyanidin B2 (−8.145 kcal/mol) with the least reactivity and substantial binding affinity in the catalytic pocket of human MMP-1 by comparison to reference bioactive compound epigallocatechin gallate (−6.488 kcal/mol). These flavanols in docked complexes with MMP-1 were further studied by 500 ns molecular dynamics simulations that revealed substantial stability and intermolecular interactions, viz. hydrogen and ionic interactions, with essential residues, i.e., His218, Glu219, His222, and His228, in the active pocket of MMP-1. In addition, binding free energy calculations using the Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA) method suggested the significant role of Coulomb interactions and van der Waals forces in the stability of respective docked MMP-1-flavonol complexes by comparison to MMP-1-epigallocatechin gallate; these observations were further supported by MMP-1 inhibition assay using zymography. Altogether with computational and MMP-1–zymography results, our findings support (-)-epicatechin as a comparatively strong inhibitor of human MMP-1 with considerable drug-likeness against proanthocyanidin B2 in reference to epigallocatechin gallate.

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitory Potential of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione Derivatives of Flurbiprofen, Ibuprofen and 4-tert-butylbenzoic Hydrazide: Design, Synthesis, Characterization, Biochemical Evaluation, Molecular Docking and Dynamic Simulation Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-310
Author(s):  
Saghir Abbas ◽  
Sumera Zaib ◽  
Shafiq Ur Rahman ◽  
Saqib Ali ◽  
Shahid Hameed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
13C Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Breast Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrases ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Inhibitory Potential

Background:The over-expression of the carbonic anhydrases results in some specific carcinomas including pancreatic, gastric and brain tumor. Tumors are distinguished under hypoxic conditions and various investigations are being carried out to target the known hypoxic areas of the tumors to increase the sensitivity towards standard therapeutic treatment.Objective:Herein, we have designed and synthesized some biologically important esters, hydrazides, thiocarbamates, 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones and Schiff bases. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the derivative against carbonic anhydrase and to assess the toxicity of the same compounds.Method:The structures of all the compounds were characterized by FT-IR, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The synthetic derivatives were screened for their inhibitory potential against carbonic anhydrase II by in vitro assay. Double reciprocal plots for inhibition kinetics of the potent compounds were constructed and mode of inhibition was determined. Furthermore, to check the cytotoxicity, these derivatives were tested against human breast adenocarcinoma by MTT method.Results:X-ray diffraction analysis of the compounds 10, 14 and 15 showed that they did not have any π-π or C-H…&π interactions. The experimental results were validated by molecular docking and dynamic simulations of the potent compounds in the active pocket of enzyme. Important binding interactions of potent compounds with the key residues in the active site of the carbonic anhydrase enzyme were revealed. Drug likeness profile of the derivatives was evaluated to determine the physicochemical properties.Conclusion:The proposed synthetic approach provides a suitable platform for the generation of a new library of compounds which could potentially be employed in the future testing and optimization of inhibitor potencies.

scholarly journals Polyphenols from Citrus Tacle® Extract Endowed with HMGCR Inhibitory Activity: An Antihypercholesterolemia Natural Remedy

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 5718
Author(s):  
Fedora Grande ◽  
Maria Antonietta Occhiuzzi ◽  
Maria Rosaria Perri ◽  
Giuseppina Ioele ◽  
Bruno Rizzuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Binding Modes ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Docking Simulations ◽  
Natural Remedy ◽  
Coa Reductase ◽  
Hydroxymethylglutaryl Coa Reductase

Tacle® is a citrus fruit obtained from the crossbreeding of Clementine and Tarocco cultivars. This fruit retains a promising nutraceutical potential most likely due to a high content in polyphenols, among which the main constituents are the two glycosides naringin and hesperidin. Herein, we evaluated, through an in vitro assay, the capability of Tacle extracts to inhibit the hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase enzyme, which plays a key role in cholesterol biosynthesis. The results obtained spurred us to investigate whether the anti-enzymatic activity observed may be due to a direct interaction of aglycones naringenin and hesperetin with the enzyme catalytic site. Molecular docking simulations indicated that these two compounds are able to anchor to the protein with binding modes and affinities similar to those found for statins, which represent mainstream medications against hypercholesterolemia. The overall results showed an interesting nutraceutical potential of Tacle, suggesting that its extract could be used for dietary supplementation in the treatment of moderate hypercholesterolemia.

scholarly journals STUDI IN VITRO POTENSI ANTIOKSIDAN DAN AKTIFITAS ANTIDIABETES FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT BUAH PARIJOTO (Medinilla speciosa B.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rissa Vifta ◽  
Wilantika Wilantika ◽  
Yustisia Dian Advistasari
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Antioxidants Activity ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Ic50 Values

ABSTRACT Parijoto fruit (Medinilla speciosa B) contains the flavonoid which is one of the phenolic groups compounnd. Flavonoids has biological activities as anti free radical and antionxidants. The aim of this research was to evaluate the potency of ethyl acetat fraction of M.speciosa B. Extract as an antioxidants and antidiabetic. Evaluation of antioxidants activity was carried out by in vitro assay using the ABTS method (2.2 azinobis (3-ethylbenzotiazolin) -6-sulfonic acid), while the antidiabetic assay was carried out using the Nelson-Somogyi method. Research begins with the process of determination, extraction, fravtionation and contiunued by examination of each variable. The parameters of antioxidants activity was determined by IC50 values, while antidiabetic activity was measured by percentage of decreasing of glucoce levels. The results of antioxidants activity showed that ethyl acetate fraction of M. Speciosa B. had antioxidants activity with an IC50 value of 4,246 ppm with a very strong category. In line with these results, ethyl acetate fraction of M. speciosa B. had reduced glucoce levels with an optimal decrease of 50.21% a concentration of 40 ppm.   ABSTRAK Buah Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa B.) mengandung senyawa aktif flavonoid yang merupakan salah satu golongan fenolik. Flavonoid memiliki aktifitas biologis sebagai antiradikal bebas dan antioksidan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan mengetahui kemampuan fraksi etil asetat M. speciosa B sebagai antioksidan dan antidiabetes. Pengujian aktifitas antioksidan dilakukan secara in vitro dengan metode ABTS (2,2 azinobis (3-etilbenzotiazolin)-6-asam sulfonat), sedangkan uji antidiabetes dilakukan menggunakan metode Nelson-Somogyi. Penelitian diawali dengan proses determinasi, ekstraksi, fraksinasi, dan dilanjutkan dengan pengujian pada masing-masing variabel. Parameter aktifitas antioksidan diwujudkan dengan nilai IC50, sedangkan aktiftas antidiabetes diukur dengan persen penurunan kadar glukosa. Hasil pengujian aktifitas antioksidan menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat memiliki aktifitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 4.14±0.08 ppm dengan kategori sangat kuat. Sejalan dengan hasil tersebut, fraksi etil asetat Buah Parijoto (M. speciosa B.) memilili kemampuan dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa dengan penurunan secara optimal sebesar 50.21±0.47% pada konsentrasi 40 ppm.    

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