scholarly journals Design of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Containing Cymbopogon martinii (Palmarosa) Essential Oil against Aspergillus nomius

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4825
Author(s):  
Denise Tiemi Uchida ◽  
Gabriella Ferreira Siqueira ◽  
Edson Marques dos Reis ◽  
Fábio Luis Hegeto ◽  
Antonio Medina Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers ◽  
In Situ Test ◽  
Ζ Potential ◽  
Brazil Nuts ◽  
Aspergillus Nomius

Palmarosa essential oil (PEO) is an alternative to synthetic fungicides to control the contamination by food-deteriorating fungi, such as Aspergillus nomius. Nonetheless, the low long-term stability and volatility hamper its utilization. Thus, this study aimed to develop nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) containing PEO to improve its stability and consequently prolong the activity against A. nomius. A mixture design was applied to find the best preparation conditions for antifungal activity. The characterization analyses included size measurements, zeta potential (ζ-potential), entrapment efficiency (EE), and antifungal activity (by inhibition of mycelial growth (IMG) and/or in situ test (pre-contaminated Brazil nuts) tests). The nanocarriers presented particle sizes smaller than 300 nm, homogeneous size distribution, ζ-potential of −25.19 to −41.81 mV, and EE between 73.6 and 100%. The formulations F5 and F10 showed the highest IMG value (98.75%). Based on the regression model, three optimized formulations (OFs) were tested for antifungal activity (IMG and in situ test), which showed 100% of inhibition and prevented the deterioration of Brazil nuts by A. nomius. The preliminary stability test showed the maintenance of antifungal activity and physicochemical characteristics for 90 days. These results suggest a promising system as a biofungicide against A. nomius.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cinnamon Essential Oil as a Preservative Agent in the Postharvest Stage of Strawberries (Fragaria Sp.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. González ◽  
D. Loroña ◽  
L. Condolo ◽  
M. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Cinnamic Aldehyde ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Cinnamon Essential Oil ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Anti Fungal

This study proposes the use of cinnamon as an antimicrobial agent with the presence of cinnamic aldehyde, which has antibacterial and antifungal activity and inhibits the production of mycotoxins. Initially, microorganisms were isolated in damaged post-harvest strawberries, isolating colonies of Botritys sp. as the main causal agent of the deterioration of these fruits. The anti-fungal ability of the cinnamon essential oil (Cinnamomum zeynalicum) was evaluated ‘in vitro’ on the development of the isolated fungus, and ‘in vivo’ on fresh fruit at different storage temperatures, times and concentrations of AE. The results obtained showed that the most effective treatments ‘in vivo’ were 250 and 500 ppm of cinnamon essential oil. On-site analyses showed fruit stability in terms of color, texture, flavor, smell, pH and acidity, especially when there is a concentration of 500 ppm of cinnamon essential oil combined with the storage of the fruit at refrigeration temperature (5ºC), this being the most effective treatment to reduce fungal rot and loss of fruit quality. Keywords: cinnamon essential oil, postharvest, strawberry, antifungal activity, preservative. Resumen Está investigación plantea el uso de la canela como un agente antimicrobiano con la presencia de aldehído cinámico el mismo que posee actividad antibacterial, antifúngica e inhibe la producción de micotoxinas. De manera inicial se asilaron microorganismos en fresa postcosecha deteriorada, aislando colonias de Botritys sp. como el principal agente causal del deterioro de estas frutas. La capacidad antifúngica del aceite esencial de canela (Cinnamomum zeynalicum) fue evaluada ‘in vitro’ sobre el desarrollo del hongo aislado e ‘in vivo’ sobre fruta fresca a diferentes temperaturas de almacenamiento, tiempos y concentraciones de AE. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que los tratamientos más efectivos ‘in vivo’ fueron 250 y 500 ppm de aceite esencial de canela. Los análisis in situ mostraron estabilidad de los frutos en cuanto a color, textura, sabor, olor, pH y acidez sobre todo cuando se tiene una concentración de 500 ppm de aceite esencial de canela combinado con el almacenamiento de la fruta a temperatura de refrigeración (5ºC) siendo el tratamiento más efectivo para reducir la pudrición fúngica y la pérdida de la calidad de los frutos. Palabras clave: aceite esencial de canela, post cosecha, fresa, actividad antifúngica, conservante.

scholarly journals Study the Antifungal and Ocular Permeation of Ketoconazole from Ophthalmic Formulations Containing Trans-Ethosomes Nanoparticles

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Tarek A. Ahmed ◽  
Maram M. Alzahrani ◽  
Alaa Sirwi ◽  
Nabil A. Alhakamy
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Corneal Permeation

Ketoconazole (KET), a synthetic imidazole broad-spectrum antifungal agent, is characterized by its poor aqueous solubility and high molecular weight, which might hamper its corneal permeation. The aim was to develop an ophthalmic formulation loaded with optimized trans-ethosomal vesicles to enhance KET ocular permeation, antifungal activity, rapid drug drainage, and short elimination half-life. Four formulation factors affecting the vesicles’ size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and flexibility of the trans-ethosomes formulations were optimized. The optimum formulation was characterized, and their morphological and antifungal activity were studied. Different ophthalmic formulations loaded with the optimized vesicles were prepared and characterized. The ocular irritation and in vivo corneal permeation were investigated. Results revealed that the drug-to-phospholipid-molar ratio, the percentage of edge activator, the percentage of ethanol, and the percentage of stearyl amine significantly affect the characteristics of the vesicles. The optimized vesicles were spherical and showed an average size of 151.34 ± 8.73 nm, a zeta potential value of +34.82 ± 2.64 mV, an entrapment efficiency of 94.97 ± 5.41%, and flexibility of 95.44 ± 4.33%. The antifungal activity of KET was significantly improved following treatment with the optimized vesicles. The developed in situ gel formulations were found to be nonirritating to the cornea. The trans-ethosomes vesicles were able to penetrate deeper into the posterior eye segment without any toxic effects. Accordingly, the in situ developed gel formulation loaded with KET trans-ethosomes vesicles represents a promising ocular delivery system for the treatment of deep fungal eye infections.

Biological Activities of Carlina Oxide Isolated from the Roots of Carthamus caeruleus

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imane Rihab Mami ◽  
Rania Belabbes ◽  
Mohammed El Amine Dib ◽  
Boufeldja Tabti ◽  
Jean Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Antioxidant Power

Background: Carthamus caeruleus belongs to the Asteraceae family. The roots are traditionally used as healing agents. They help to heal burns and treat skin diseases. They are also used against joint inflammation and are very effective against diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome for cancer patients. Objectives: The purpose of this work was i) to study the chemical composition of i) the essential oil and hydrosol extract of Carthamus caeruleus, ii) to isolate the major component of both extracts and iii) to evaluate their antioxidant, antifungal and insecticidal activities. Methods: The essential oil and hydrosol extract obtained from the roots were studied by GC and GC/MS. The antioxidant activities were performed using two different methods i) Radical scavenging activity (DPPH) and ii) the Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), using BHT as a positive control. Whereas, the antifungal activity of the essential oil and Carlina oxide was investigated against plant fungi. The fumigation toxicity of C. caeruleus essential oil besides Carlina oxide was evaluated against adults of Bactrocera oleae better known as the olive fly. Results: The essential oil and hydrosol extract were mainly represented by acetylenic compounds such as carline oxide and 13-methoxy carline oxide. Carlina oxide was isolated and identified by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic means. The results showed that Carlina oxide presented interesting antioxidant and antifungal properties, while C. caeruleus root essential oil had better insecticidal activity. Furthermore, Carlina oxide has demonstrated promising in vivo antifungal activity to control infection of apples by Penicillium expansum. Conclusion: Carlina oxide can be used as a natural food preservative and alternative to chemical fungicides to protect stored apple against Penicillium expansum.

scholarly journals Nanoencapsulated Essential Oils with Enhanced Antifungal Activity for Potential Application on Agri-Food, Material and Environmental Fields

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Magdaléna Kapustová ◽  
Giuseppe Granata ◽  
Edoardo Napoli ◽  
Andrea Puškárová ◽  
Mária Bučková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Winning Strategy ◽  
Colloidal Suspensions ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Food Material ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Fungal Strains

Nanotechnology is a new frontier of this century that finds applications in various fields of science with important effects on our life and on the environment. Nanoencapsulation of bioactive compounds is a promising topic of nanotechnology. The excessive use of synthetic compounds with antifungal activity has led to the selection of resistant fungal species. In this context, the use of plant essential oils (EOs) with antifungal activity encapsulated in ecofriendly nanosystems could be a new and winning strategy to overcome the problem. We prepared nanoencapsules containing the essential oils of Origanum vulgare (OV) and Thymus capitatus (TC) by the nanoprecipitation method. The colloidal suspensions were characterized for size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, efficiency of encapsulation (EE) and loading capacity (LC). Finally, the essential oil nanosuspensions were assayed against a panel of fourteen fungal strains belonging to the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota phyla. Our results show that the nanosystems containing thyme and oregano essential oils were active against various fungal strains from natural environments and materials. In particular, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values were two to four times lower than the pure essential oils. The aqueous, ecofriendly essential oil nanosuspensions with broad-spectrum antifungal activity could be a valid alternative to synthetic products, finding interesting applications in the agri-food and environmental fields.

scholarly journals Development of In Situ Self-Assembly Nanoparticles to Encapsulate Lopinavir and Ritonavir for Long-Acting Subcutaneous Injection

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 904
Author(s):  
Irin Tanaudommongkon ◽  
Asama Tanaudommongkon ◽  
Xiaowei Dong
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Release ◽  
Trough Concentration ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Long Acting

Most antiretroviral medications for human immunodeficiency virus treatment and prevention require high levels of patient adherence, such that medications need to be administered daily without missing doses. Here, a long-acting subcutaneous injection of lopinavir (LPV) in combination with ritonavir (RTV) using in situ self-assembly nanoparticles (ISNPs) was developed to potentially overcome adherence barriers. The ISNP approach can improve the pharmacokinetic profiles of the drugs. The ISNPs were characterized in terms of particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, drug loading, in vitro release study, and in vivo pharmacokinetic study. LPV/RTV ISNPs were 167.8 nm in size, with a polydispersity index of less than 0.35. The entrapment efficiency was over 98% for both LPV and RTV, with drug loadings of 25% LPV and 6.3% RTV. A slow release rate of LPV was observed at about 20% on day 5, followed by a sustained release beyond 14 days. RTV released faster than LPV in the first 5 days and slower than LPV thereafter. LPV trough concentration remained above 160 ng/mL and RTV trough concentration was above 50 ng/mL after 6 days with one subcutaneous injection. Overall, the ISNP-based LPV/RTV injection showed sustained release profiles in both in vitro and in vivo studies.

scholarly journals Development of Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Extract Emulsion Formulations in Controlling Gray Mold Disease on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Siti Fairuz Yusoff ◽  
Farah Farhanah Haron ◽  
Norhayu Asib ◽  
Mahmud Tengku Muda Mohamed ◽  
Siti Izera Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Emulsion Formulation

Postharvest fruits including tomatoes are commonly infected by gray mold disease resulting in significant economic losses in the fruit industry. Therefore, this study aimed to develop botanical fungicide derived from Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract to control gray mold on tomato. The emulsion formulation containing surfactant, oil carrier and water was optimized at different non-ionic alkyl polyglucoside surfactants through eleven combinations of oil to surfactant ratio (0:10, 1:9, 2:8, 3:7, 4:6, 5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2, 9:1 and 10:0 w/w). From eight selected formulations, two formulations, F5 and F7 showed stable in storage, remarkable thermodynamic stability, smaller particle size (66.44 and 139.63 nm), highly stable in zeta potential (−32.70 and −31.70 mV), low in polydispersity index (0.41 and 0.40 PdI), low in viscosity (4.20 and 4.37 cP) and low in surface tension (27.62 and 26.41 mN/m) as compared to other formulations. In situ antifungal activity on tomato fruits showed F5 formulation had a fungicidal activity against B. cinerea with zero disease incidence and severity, whereas F7 formulation reduced 62.5% disease incidence compared to a positive control with scale 1. Based on these findings, F5 formulation exhibited pronounced antifungal activity and may contribute to the development of new and safe antifungal product against gray mold on tomato.

scholarly journals Effect of Na- and Organo-Modified Montmorillonite/Essential Oil Nanohybrids on the Kinetics of the In Situ Radical Polymerization of Styrene

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
Ioannis S. Tsagkalias ◽  
Alexandra Loukidi ◽  
Stella Chatzimichailidou ◽  
Constantinos E. Salmas ◽  
Aris E. Giannakas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Monomer Conversion ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Modified Montmorillonite ◽  
Kinetics Of

The great concern about the use of hazardous additives in food packaging materials has shown the way to new bio-based materials, such as nanoclays incorporating bioactive essential oils (EO). One of the still unresolved issues is the proper incorporation of these materials into a polymeric matrix. The in situ polymerization seems to be a promising technique, not requiring high temperatures or toxic solvents. Therefore, in this study, the bulk radical polymerization of styrene was investigated in the presence of sodium montmorillonite (NaMMT) and organo-modified montmorillonite (orgMMT) including thyme (TO), oregano (OO), and basil (BO) essential oil. It was found that the hydroxyl groups present in the main ingredients of TO and OO may participate in side retardation reactions leading to lower polymerization rates (measured gravimetrically by the variation of monomer conversion with time) accompanied by higher polymer average molecular weight (measured via GPC). The use of BO did not seem to affect significantly the polymerization kinetics and polymer MWD. These results were verified from independent experiments using model compounds, thymol, carvacrol and estragol instead of the clays. Partially intercalated structures were revealed from XRD scans. The glass transition temperature (from DSC) and the thermal stability (from TGA) of the nanocomposites formed were slightly increased from 95 to 98 °C and from 435 to 445 °C, respectively. Finally, better dispersion was observed when orgMMT was added instead of NaMMT.

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