scholarly journals Importance of Conjugation of the Bile Salt on the Mechanism of Lipolysis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 5764
Author(s):  
Natalia Łozińska ◽  
Christian Jungnickel
Keyword(s):  
Critical Micelle Concentration ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Mixed Micelles ◽  
Aggregation Number ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Literature Information ◽  
Solubilization Capacity ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
First Time

We aim to advance the discussion on the significance of the conjugation of bile salts (BS) in our organism. We hypothesize that conjugation influences the rate of lipolysis. Since the rate of lipolysis is a compound parameter, we compare the effect of conjugation on four surface parameters, which contribute to the rate. Since deconjugation is due to gut microbiota, we hypothesize that microbiota may affect the rate of lipolysis. A meta-analysis of literature data of critical micelle concentration, β, aggregation number, and molar solubilization ratio has been performed for the first time. In addition, critical micelle concentration (CMC), interfacial tension, and lipolysis rate measurements were performed. It was found that the unconjugated BS in mixed micelles increases the antagonism between the BS, therefore, increasing the CMC. This correlated with the effect of unconjugated BS on the solubilization capacity of mixed micelles. The collected literature information indicates that the role of the BS and its conjugation in our organism is a key factor influencing the functioning of our organism, where too high levels of unconjugated BS may lead to malabsorption of fat-soluble nutrients. The experimental lipolysis results irrevocably showed that conjugation is a significant factor influencing the rate.

scholarly journals The Behavioral Immune System Shapes Political Intuitions: Why and How Individual Differences in Disgust Sensitivity Underlie Opposition to Immigration

2017 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
LENE AARØE ◽  
MICHAEL BANG PETERSEN ◽  
KEVIN ARCENEAUX
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Behavioral Immune System ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
First Time ◽  
Representative Samples

We present, test, and extend a theoretical framework that connects disgust, a powerful basic human emotion, to political attitudes through psychological mechanisms designed to protect humans from disease. These mechanisms work outside of conscious awareness, and in modern environments, they can motivate individuals to avoid intergroup contact by opposing immigration. We report a meta-analysis of previous tests in the psychological sciences and conduct, for the first time, a series of tests in nationally representative samples collected in the United States and Denmark that integrate the role of disgust and the behavioral immune system into established models of emotional processing and political attitude formation. In doing so, we offer an explanation for why peaceful integration and interaction between ethnic majority and minorities is so hard to achieve.

scholarly journals Müllerian Inhibiting Substance in the Caudate Amphibian Pleurodeles waltl

Endocrinology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (10) ◽  
pp. 3931-3936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imane Al-Asaad ◽  
Dominique Chardard ◽  
Nathalie di Clemente ◽  
Jean-Yves Picard ◽  
Hélène Dumond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Müllerian Inhibiting Substance ◽  
Gonad Differentiation ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Mullerian Ducts ◽  
Pleurodeles Waltl ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mullerian Inhibiting Substance

Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS, also known as anti-Müllerian hormone), is a key factor of male sex differentiation in vertebrates. In amniotes, it is responsible for Müllerian duct regression in male embryos. In fish, despite the absence of Müllerian ducts, MIS is produced and controls germ cell proliferation during gonad differentiation. Here we show for the first time the presence of MIS in an amphibian species, Pleurodeles waltl. This is very astonishing because in caudate amphibians, Müllerian ducts do not regress in males. Phylogenetic analysis of MIS P. waltl ortholog revealed that the deduced protein segregates with MIS from other vertebrates and is clearly separated from other TGF-β family members. In larvae, MIS mRNA was expressed at higher levels in the developing testes than in the ovaries. In the testis, MIS mRNA expression was located within the lobules that contain Sertoli cells. Besides, expression of MIS was modified in the case of sex reversal: it increased after masculinizing heat treatment and decreased after estradiol feminizing exposure. In addition to the data obtained recently in the fish medaka, our results suggest that the role of MIS on Müllerian ducts occurred secondarily during the course of evolution.

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of Pandemic Escherichia coli ST131 Plasmidome Proves Restricted Plasmid-clade Associations

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kira Kondratyeva ◽  
Mali Salmon-Divon ◽  
Shiri Navon-Venezia
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Narrow Host Range ◽  
Plasmid Dissemination ◽  
First Time

AbstractExtraintestinal multidrug resistant Escherichia coli sequence type (ST) 131 is a worldwide pandemic pathogen and a major cause of urinary tract and bloodstream infections. The role of this pandemic lineage in multidrug resistance plasmid dissemination is still scarce. We herein performed a meta-analysis on E. coli ST131 whole-genome sequence (WGS) databases to unravel ST131 plasmidome and specifically to decipher CTX-M encoding plasmids-clade associations. We mined 880 ST131 WGS data and proved that CTX-M-27-encoding IncF[F1:A2:B20] (Group1) plasmids are strictly found in clade C1, whereas CTX-M-15-encoding IncF[F2:A1:B-] (Group2) plasmids exist only in clade C2 suggesting strong plasmid-clade adaptations. Specific Col-like replicons (Col156, Col(MG828), and Col8282) were also found to be clade C1-associated. BLAST-based search revealed that Group1 and Group2 plasmids are narrow-host-range and restricted to E.coli. Among a collection of 20 newly sequenced Israeli ST131 CTX-M-encoding plasmids (2003–2016), Group1 and Group2 plasmids were dominant and associated with the expected clades. We found, for the first time in ST131, a CTX-M-15-encoding phage-like plasmid group (Group3) and followed its spread in the WGS data. This study offers a comprehensive way to decipher plasmid-bacterium associations and demonstrates that the CTX-M-encoding ST131 Group1 and Group2 plasmids are clade-restricted and presumably less transmissible, potentially contributing to ST131 clonal superiority.

scholarly journals Analysis of the influence of PTPN22 gene polymorphisms in systemic sclerosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
LM Diaz-Gallo ◽  
P Gourh ◽  
J Broen ◽  
C Simeon ◽  
V Fonollosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Allelic Discrimination Assay ◽  
Allelic Discrimination ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Independent Replication ◽  
First Time

ObjectiveTwo functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the PTPN22 gene (rs24746601 and rs33996649) have been associated with autoimmunity. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the R263Q SNP for the first time and to re-evaluate the role of the R620W SNP in the genetic predisposition to systemic sclerosis (SSc) susceptibility and clinical phenotypes.Methods3422 SSc patients (2020 with limited cutaneous SSc and 1208 with diffuse cutaneous SSc) and 3638 healthy controls of Caucasian ancestry from an initial case--control set of Spain and seven additional independent replication cohorts were included in our study. Both rs33996649 and rs2476601 PTPN22 polymorphisms were genotyped by TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. A meta-analysis was performed to test the overall effect of these PTPN22 polymorphisms in SSc.ResultsThe meta-analysis revealed evidence of association of the rs2476601 T allele with SSc susceptibility (pFDRcorrected=0.03 pooled, OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.28). In addition, the rs2476601 T allele was significantly associated with anticentromere-positive status (pFDRcorrected=0.02 pooled, OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.42). Although the rs33996649 A allele was significantly associated with SSc in the Spanish population (pFDRcorrected=0.04, OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.92), this association was not confirmed in the meta-analysis (p=0.36 pooled, OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.1).ConclusionThe study suggests that the PTPN22 R620W polymorphism influences SSc genetic susceptibility but the novel R263Q genetic variant does not. These data strengthen evidence that the R620W mutation is a common risk factor in autoimmune diseases.

Attachment as a Core Feature of Resilience: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 1259-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pernille Darling Rasmussen ◽  
Ole Jakob Storebø ◽  
Trine Løkkeholt ◽  
Line Gaunø Voss ◽  
Yael Shmueli-Goetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Potential Core ◽  
Core Feature ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Random Variation

Background Research has pointed to secure attachment as a possible key factor of resilience in adulthood. Objective We aimed to investigate the role of secure attachment as a potential core feature in the properties of resilience. Methods We conducted a systematic review in accordance with PRISMA guidelines followed by a meta-analysis. Results Thirty-three studies were included in the review, and 10 of these, including 2305 subjects, were used for meta-analysis. The raw correlation coefficients ranged from .20 to .57, which indicated weak to moderate correlations between resilience and attachment. The synthesized correlation coefficients indicated that the correlations were significant and highly unlikely to be due to random variation. All studies are also reported on qualitatively. Conclusions In both of our meta-analyses and in the narratively reported studies, we found that secure attachment is associated with the presence of resilience.

Chronic Pain: Fundamental Scientific Considerations, Specifically for Legal Claims

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Problematic Relationship

Abstract Scientific findings have indicated that psychological and social factors are the driving forces behind most chronic benign pain presentations, especially in a claim context, and are relevant to at least three of the AMA Guides publications: AMA Guides to Evaluation of Disease and Injury Causation, AMA Guides to Work Ability and Return to Work, and AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment. The author reviews and summarizes studies that have identified the dominant role of financial, psychological, and other non–general medicine factors in patients who report low back pain. For example, one meta-analysis found that compensation results in an increase in pain perception and a reduction in the ability to benefit from medical and psychological treatment. Other studies have found a correlation between the level of compensation and health outcomes (greater compensation is associated with worse outcomes), and legal systems that discourage compensation for pain produce better health outcomes. One study found that, among persons with carpal tunnel syndrome, claimants had worse outcomes than nonclaimants despite receiving more treatment; another examined the problematic relationship between complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and compensation and found that cases of CRPS are dominated by legal claims, a disparity that highlights the dominant role of compensation. Workers’ compensation claimants are almost never evaluated for personality disorders or mental illness. The article concludes with recommendations that evaluators can consider in individual cases.

Psychological Resilience Provides No Independent Protection From Suicidal Risk

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica W. Y. Liu ◽  
A. Kate Fairweather-Schmidt ◽  
Richard Burns ◽  
Rachel M. Roberts ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Background: Little is known about the role of resilience in the likelihood of suicidal ideation (SI) over time. Aims: We examined the association between resilience and SI in a young-adult cohort over 4 years. Our objectives were to determine whether resilience was associated with SI at follow-up or, conversely, whether SI was associated with lowered resilience at follow-up. Method: Participants were selected from the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life Project from Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia, aged 28–32 years at the first time point and 32–36 at the second. Multinomial, linear, and binary regression analyses explored the association between resilience and SI over two time points. Models were adjusted for suicidality risk factors. Results: While unadjusted analyses identified associations between resilience and SI, these effects were fully explained by the inclusion of other suicidality risk factors. Conclusion: Despite strong cross-sectional associations, resilience and SI appear to be unrelated in a longitudinal context, once risk/resilience factors are controlled for. As independent indicators of psychological well-being, suicidality and resilience are essential if current status is to be captured. However, the addition of other factors (e.g., support, mastery) makes this association tenuous. Consequently, resilience per se may not be protective of SI.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document