Solvent Mixture Optimization in the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activities from Garlic (Allium sativum L.)

Garlic is a health promoter that has important bioactive compounds. The bioactive extraction is an important step in the analysis of constituents present in plant preparations. The purpose of this study is to optimize the extraction with the best proportion of solvents to obtain total phenolic compounds (TPC) and thiosulfinates (TS) from dried garlic powder, and evaluate the antioxidant activities of the optimized extracts. A statistical mixture simplex axial design was used to evaluate the effect of solvents (water, ethanol, and acetone), as well as mixtures of these solvents, after two ultrasound extraction cycles of 15 min. Results showed that solvent mixtures with a high portion of water and pure water were efficient for TPC and TS recovery through this extraction procedure. According to the regression model computed, the most significant solvent mixtures to obtain high TPC and TS recovery from dried garlic powder are, respectively, the binary mixture with 75% water and 25% acetone and pure water. These optimized extracts presented oxygen radical absorbance capacity. Pure water was better for total antioxidant capacity, and the binary mixture of water–acetone (75:25) was better for DPPH scavenging activity. These optimized extracts can be used for industrial and research applications.

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Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Activity and Growth Behavior in Lettuce Cultivars Grown under Field and Greenhouse Conditions

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/foods_2020-07709 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 52

Author(s):

Melisa Lanza Volpe ◽

Verónica C. Soto Vargas ◽

Anabel Morón ◽

Roxana E. González

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Growth Behavior ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Spectrophotometric Methods ◽

Leafy Greens ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Field Production

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is one of the most important leafy greens worldwide. The nutritional value of its edible leaf depends on different factors including type and growing conditions. The aim was to determine the bioactive compounds content, antioxidant activity and growth behavior of twenty-two lettuce genotypes, cultivated under field and greenhouse conditions. Total phenolic compound, chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyanin contents and antioxidant activities were analyzed by spectrophotometric methods. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significant differences between bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and growth behavior were found among cultivars and morphological types, for both growth conditions. Carotenoid and chlorophyll content was higher in greenhouse conditions for all genotypes. In field production, butterhead and iceberg lettuces showed lower content of these bioactive compounds. The red-pigmented Falbala cultivar from field production showed the highest level of polyphenols and anthocyanin. Meanwhile, in greenhouse conditions, the oak leaf cultivar Grenadine displayed the highest concentration of these phenolic compounds. The iceberg type lettuce showed the lowest percentages of antioxidant activity in both environments. The results showed the effect of growing conditions and the high variability in lettuce bioactive compounds content and antioxidant activity among the different types.

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ANTIOXIDANT EVALUATION AND PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENT OF VARIOUS RICE BRAN EXTRACTS OF THREE VARIETIES RICE FROM SEMARANG-CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i6.16565 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 377 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sukrasno Sukrasno ◽

Slamet Tuty ◽

Irda Fidrianny

Keyword(s):

Rice Bran ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Carotenoid Content ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Red Rice ◽

Black Rice ◽

Dpph Assay ◽

Rice Bran Extract ◽

Dpph Scavenging

Objectives: The objectives of this research were to evaluate antioxidant activity from different polarities rice bran extract of three varieties of rice using two methods of antioxidant testing which were FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and correlation of total phenolic, flavonoid and carotenoid content with their EC50 of FRAP and IC50 of DPPH antioxidant activities. Methods: Extraction was conducted by reflux using different polarity solvents. The extracts were evaporated using rotary evaporator. Determination of total phenolic, flavonoid and carotenoid content, antioxidant activities using FRAP and DPPH assays were performed by UV-visible spectrophotometry and its correlation with EC50 of FRAP capacities and IC50 of DPPH scavenging activities were analyzed by Pearson’s method. Results: Ethanolic rice bran extract of black rice showed the lowest EC50 of FRAP capacity 64.35 µg/ml and IC50 of DPPH scavenging activity 23.92 µg/ml. The highest phenolic content, flavonoid content and carotenoid content were also given by ethanolic rice bran extract of black rice. There were significantly negative correlation between total phenolic content and carotenoid content in rice bran extract of red rice and black rice with their IC50 of DPPH. Conclusions: All of rice bran extracts (except n-hexane rice bran extract of black rice and ethanolic rice bran extract of white rice) were very strong antioxidant, by DPPH assay. Phenolic and carotenoid compounds in rice bran extracts of red rice and black rice were the major contributor in antioxidant activity by DPPH assay. Rice bran extracts of black rice had linear results by FRAP and DPPH assays.

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ANTIOXIDANT PROFILE AND PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENT OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF SUPER RED DRAGON FRUIT (HYLOCEREUS COSTARICENSIS) COLLECTED FROM WEST JAVA-INDONESIA

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i12.21571 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 290 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Irda Fidrianny ◽

Nadia Ilham ◽

Rika Hartati

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Phytochemical Content ◽

Dragon Fruit ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Dpph Scavenging Activity ◽

Dpph Scavenging ◽

Different Parts

Objectives: The goals of this research were to observe antioxidant properties from different parts of super red dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis) using two antioxidant testing methods which were 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS).Methods: Antioxidant activities were determined using DPPH and ABTS assays, total phenolic content (TPC) using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, flavonoid content by Chang’s method.Results: Inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) of DPPH scavenging activity of all of the extracts in the range of 2.69 μg/ml was −94.17 μg/ml. The ethyl acetate peel extract of super red dragon fruit expressed the highest TPC (4.56 g GAE/100 g) and the highest total flavonoid content (12.63 g QE/100 g). TPC in flesh extract of super red dragon fruit had a negative and significant correlation with their IC50 of ABTS. The IC50 of DPPH and IC50 of ABTS of flesh extract of super red dragon fruit showed positive and significant correlation.Conclusion: All different parts extracts of super red dragon fruit (except n-hexane flesh extract) were categorized as a very strong antioxidant by DPPH method. Phenolic compounds in flesh extract of super red dragon fruit were the major contributor in antioxidant activities by ABTS method. DPPH and ABTS showed linear results in antioxidant activities of super red dragon fruit flesh extract.

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Assessment of in vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Capacities of Medlar (Mespilus germanica)

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha47111325 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 384-389

Author(s):

Sebnem Selen ISBILIR ◽

Sevilay Inal KABALA ◽

Hulya YAGAR

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Dpph Scavenging ◽

Β Carotene

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitory effect of different parts of medlar including fruit, leaf and flower bud by using various in vitro methods, and also determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content in the samples. Ethanol extracts of medlar parts were prepared and their antioxidant activities were determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH•) scavenging and β-carotene bleaching methods. The leaf extract showed the strongest antioxidant activity. DPPHradical scavenging activity was in the order of BHA > leaf > bud > fruit. This ordering was the same for β-carotene bleaching activity, tocopherol > leaf > bud > fruit. The highest total phenolic (60.3 ± 1.69 mg GAE g-1 extract) and flavonoid (14.77 ± 1.15 mg QE g-1 extract) content were determined in leaf extract. For possible antidiabetic effects of extracts, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were investigated, the bud extract showed the highest inhibition activities among the all extracts.

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In vitro antioxidant, 𝛼-amylase and 𝛼-glucosidase activities of methanol extracts from three Momordica species

International Journal of Phytomedicine ◽

10.5138/09750185.2303 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Olubunmi Adenike Akinwunmi

Keyword(s):

Metal Ion ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Limited Information ◽

Glucosidase Inhibitors ◽

Dpph Scavenging ◽

Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs ◽

Metal Ion Chelation

Antioxidant based drug preparations are used in the prevention and management of complex diseases which include atherosclerosis, stroke, diabetes, alzheimer’s disease and cancer. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of glucose metabolism. The management of blood glucose level is the hallmark in the treatment of this ailment, which may be achieved through the use of oral hypoglycemic drugs such as biguanides, insulin secretagogues, and 𝛼-amylase and glucosidase inhibitors. Although several biological activities had been reported for Momordica foetida and Momordica charantia; it appears there is limited information on the biological activity of Momordica cissoides. The purpose of this study is to compare the antioxidant, 𝛼-amylase and 𝛼-glucosidase inhibitory activities of Momordica charantia (M1), Momordica foetida (M2), and Momordica cissoides (M3) to establish a chemotaxonomic relationship between them. The antioxidant activities measured by DPPH scavenging properties, metal ion chelation, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and ABTS revealed that M. foetida had the highest inhibition potential, followed by M. charantia and the least being M. cissoides. In contrast, the antioxidant activities measured by FRAP, the total phenolic content , flavonoids and tannins revealed that M. cissoides had the best antioxidant potential, while M. foetida had the least activity. The comparative α-amylase and glucosidase inhibitory studies performed demonstrated that the extracts of M.cissoides had the highest inhibitory potentials. Thus, the plant can be used in the management of diabetes.

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Phytochemical Characterization of Five Edible Purple-Reddish Vegetables: Anthocyanins, Flavonoids, and Phenolic Acid Derivatives

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24081536 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (8) ◽

pp. 1536 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Alexandra D. Frond ◽

Cristian I. Iuhas ◽

Ioana Stirbu ◽

Loredana Leopold ◽

Sonia Socaci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Sweet Potato ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Black Carrot ◽

Statistical Correlations ◽

Purple Sweet Potato ◽

Dpph Scavenging

Vegetables comprise a significant portion of our daily diet with their high content in nutrients including fiber, vitamins, minerals, as well as phenolic compounds. Vegetable consumption has been shown to be positively associated with the prevention of several degenerative diseases thanks to their bioactive compounds. Accordingly, five selected vegetables, namely, red chicory, red onion, eggplant, purple sweet potato, and black carrot were thoroughly assessed for their phenolic content in this study. For this purpose, the total phenolic and flavonoid content of these five vegetables and their antioxidant activities that are based on three common methods ABTS radical cation decolorization assay (ABTS), Cupric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC), and DPPH scavenging activity assay were determined. Additionally, HPLC-PDA/Electrospray ionization coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA/-ESI+-MS)-based identification and quantification of the members belonging to polyphenols present in each vegetable were determined. Statistical correlations between antioxidant activities and the specific type of phenolic compounds, such as anthocyanins, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and phenolic acids were further elucidated. Phenolic acids (chlorogenic and syringic acids) were found to be the most abundant compounds that are present in all samples. Among the anthocyanins, cyaniding derivatives were present in all vegetables. In terms of their antioxidant activities, the analyzed vegetables were ranked as red chicory > purple sweet potato > black carrot > eggplant > red onion, in descending order. Superior antioxidant activities exhibited by red chicory and purple sweet potato were attributed to the high content of phenolic compounds, especially flavonols (quercetin-3,4-O-diglucoside) in red chicory and anthocyanins (peonidin-3-caffeoyl p-hydroxybenzoylsophoroside-5-glucoside) in purple sweet potato.

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Phenolic Content, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Moroccan propolis

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407214666180530100947 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 696-705

Author(s):

Omar Belmehdi ◽

Badia Douhri ◽

Abdelhakim Bouyahya ◽

Yousif Laghmouchi ◽

Nadia S. Senhaji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Scavenging Capacity ◽

Bleaching Test ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Dpph Scavenging

Background:Propolis contains compounds with antibacterial and antioxidant capacities, such as phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial and antioxidant effects of six propolis samples from northern Morocco and to determine their content of polyphenols and flavonoids.Methods:The total polyphenols and flavonoids of Ethanol Extracts (EEP) were evaluated by colorimetric assays. To test the antibacterial activity, the well diffusion and micro-dilution methods were adopted. The kinetic of bacterial growth in the presence of EEP was tested. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using three techniques: reducing power, β-carotene bleaching test, and DPPH scavenging capacity assay.Results:The EEPs were found to have high total phenolic content (65.09 - 122.00 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (41.95 - 50.44 mg QE/g). The screening of the antibacterial activity showed that all tested bacteria were sensitive to EEP except Escherichia coli. The inhibitory zones varied from 11.50 ± 0.70 to 32.00 ± 0.70 mm, and MIC and MBC ranged from 0.07 to 5 mg/mL and 0.07 to >5 mg/mL, respectively. The antioxidant activity was proportional to the phenolic content of propolis. The IC50 varied from 48.70 to 156.00 mg/mL and the RAA% ranged from 75.07 to 96.68 %.

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Effect of grinding and extraction conditions on the determination of antioxidant activity and phenolic acids in barley

Journal of Food Measurement & Characterization ◽

10.1007/s11694-021-00964-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bing Zhou ◽

Zhao Jin ◽

Paul B. Schwarz ◽

Yin Li

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Acid ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Dpph Scavenging

AbstractIn the present study, the objective was to evaluate the effects of barley kernel size, grind level, and extract solvent on the antioxidant activities associated with total phenolic content and phenolic acid compositions. Three barley varieties (Kindred, Azure, and Tradition), were used and the results showed that with the exception of superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, thin kernel size fraction (2.0 mm) showed much higher antioxidant activities and total phenolic content than those in the 2.4 mm and 2.8 mm fractions when averaged across barley cultivar, grind level, and extract solvent. A similar trend was found for individual phenolic acid compositions among kernel sizes. Simple correlation analysis revealed that total phenolic content showed strong correlation with DPPH· scavenging activity, ABTS + scavenging activity, and reducing power. Generally, fine grind and 80% acetone extract showed averaged highest values in antioxidant activities, total phenolic content, and individual phenolic acid compositions. Stepwise linear regression showed that extract solvent was the most important factor for DPPH· scavenging activity, ABTS + scavenging activity, reducing power, and iron chelating activity. The sum of syringic acid and caffeic acid exhibited a dominant role in explaining the major variation in antioxidant activities except for superoxide anion radical scavenging activity.

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Optimizing Ultrasound-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Chinese Wild Rice

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24152718 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (15) ◽

pp. 2718 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jia Zeng ◽

Yuqing Dou ◽

Ning Yan ◽

Na Li ◽

Huaibao Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Wild Rice ◽

Choline Chloride ◽

Extraction Procedure ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Green Solvents ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

In this study, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were used for the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of valuable bioactive compounds from Chinese wild rice (Zizania spp.). To this end, 7 different choline chloride (CC)-based DESs were tested as green extraction solvents. Choline chloride/1,4-butanediol (DES-2) exhibited the best extraction efficiency in terms of parameters such as the total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), and free radical scavenging capacity (DPPH● and ABTS●+). Subsequently, the UAE procedure using 76.6% DES-2 was also optimized: An extraction temperature of 51.2 °C and a solid–liquid ratio of 37.0 mg/mL were considered optimal by a Box–Behnken experiment. The optimized extraction procedure proved efficient for the extraction of 9 phenolic and 3 flavonoid compounds from Chinese wild rice as determined by quantification based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ-MS). This work, thus, demonstrates the possibility of customizing green solvents that offer greater extraction capacity than that of organic solvents.

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Evaluation of Acidity Constants and Evolution of Electronic Features of Phenol Derivatives in Different Compositions of Methanol/Water Mixture

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2013/989362 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mahmood Sanchooli

Keyword(s):

Binary Mixture ◽

Solvent Mixture ◽

Solvent Mixtures ◽

Water Mixture ◽

Quantum Chemical Descriptors ◽

Acidity Constants ◽

Reaction Field ◽

Phenol Derivatives ◽

Orbital Energies ◽

Water Solvent

This work was devoted to evaluation of acidity constants of 28 phenol derivatives in 11 different compositions of methanol/water solvent mixtures. The Onsager reaction field model was applied to any molecule of phenol derivatives dissolved in binary mixture of methanol/water, and the quantum chemical descriptors of the solute were calculated. Multiple linear regression was used to perform the reliable QSPR models in order to predict the acidity constants of the solutes. It was explored that the solvation of phenol derivatives in solvent of binary mixture of methanol/water shows a different behavior as the composition of methanol varies. Four different mechanisms proposed for solvation in 0–100 volume percent of methanol solvent. It was seen that the dipole-dipole interactions increase as the amount of methanol increases in solvent mixture, which implies the contribution of highly negative oxygens of methanol on hydrogen bondings between solute and solvent cavity. The orbital energies are a major electronic descriptor on solvation processes. This proposes that the charge exchange between frontier orbital energies of anions and the solvent molecules is the major event occurring in solution in order to stabilize the produced anions.

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