Glycosides for Peripheral Neuropathic Pain: A Potential Medicinal Components

Neuropathic pain is a refractory disease that occurs across the world and pharmacotherapy has limited efficacy and/or safety. This disease imposes a significant burden on both the somatic and mental health of patients; indeed, some patients have referred to neuropathic pain as being ‘worse than death’. The pharmacological agents that are used to treat neuropathic pain at present can produce mild effects in certain patients, and induce many adverse reactions, such as sedation, dizziness, vomiting, and peripheral oedema. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover novel drugs that are safer and more effective. Natural compounds from medical plants have become potential sources of analgesics, and evidence has shown that glycosides alleviated neuropathic pain via regulating oxidative stress, transcriptional regulation, ion channels, membrane receptors and so on. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology of neuropathic pain and the existing therapeutic drugs used for disease prevention and treatment. We also demonstrate how glycosides exhibit an antinociceptive effect on neuropathic pain in laboratory research and describe the antinociceptive mechanisms involved to facilitate the discovery of new drugs to improve the quality of life of patients experiencing neuropathic pain.

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Effects of alkaloids on peripheral neuropathic pain: a review

Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1186/s13020-020-00387-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chunhao Zhu ◽

Ning Liu ◽

Miaomiao Tian ◽

Lin Ma ◽

Jiamei Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

New Drugs ◽

Intractable Pain ◽

Chinese Herbal Medicines ◽

Peripheral Neuropathic Pain ◽

Chinese Herbal ◽

Toxicological Studies ◽

Novel Drugs

Abstract Neuropathic pain is a debilitating pathological pain condition with a great therapeutic challenge in clinical practice. Currently used analgesics produce deleterious side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate alternative medicines for neuropathic pain. Chinese herbal medicines have been widely used in treating intractable pain. Compelling evidence revealed that the bioactive alkaloids of Chinese herbal medicines stand out in developing novel drugs for neuropathic pain due to multiple targets and satisfactory efficacy. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the research of analgesic effects of 20 alkaloids components for peripheral neuropathic pain and highlight the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. We also point out the opportunities and challenges of the current studies and shed light on further in-depth pharmacological and toxicological studies of these bioactive alkaloids. In conclusion, the alkaloids hold broad prospects and have the potentials to be novel drugs for treating neuropathic pain. This review provides a theoretical basis for further applying some alkaloids in clinical trials and developing new drugs of neuropathic pain.

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Novel Drugs and Biologics of 2016: A Boom for Neurodrugs in the Pipelin

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology ◽

10.37285/ijpsn.2017.10.5.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 3809-3814

Author(s):

D Samba Reddy

Keyword(s):

Muscular Atrophy ◽

Clinical Care ◽

New Drugs ◽

Essential Medicines ◽

High Demand ◽

The Past ◽

Novel Drugs ◽

Innovative Products ◽

Cns Drugs ◽

The U.S

This article provides a brief overview of novel drugs approved by the U.S. FDA in 2016. It also focuses on the emerging boom in the development of neurodrugs for central nervous system (CNS) disorders. These new drugs are innovative products that often help advance clinical care worldwide, and in 2016, twenty-two such drugs were approved by the FDA. The list includes the first new drug for disorders such as spinal muscular atrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy or hallucinations and delusions of Parkinson’s disease, among several others. Notably, nine of twenty-two (40%) were novel CNS drugs, indicating the industry shifting to neurodrugs. Neurodrugs are the top selling pharmaceuticals worldwide, especially in America and Europe. Therapeutic neurodrugs have proven their significance many times in the past few decades, and the CNS drug portfolio represents some of the most valuable agents in the current pipeline. Many neuroproducts are vital or essential medicines in the current therapeutic armamentarium, including dozens of “blockbuster drugs” (drugs with $1 billion sales potential). These drugs include antidepressants, antimigraine medications, and anti-epilepsy medications. The rise in neurodrugs’ sales is predominantly due to increased diagnoses of CNS conditions. The boom for neuromedicines is evident from the recent rise in investment, production, and introduction of new CNS drugs. There are many promising neurodrugs still in the pipeline, which are developed based on the validated “mechanism-based” strategy. Overall, disease-modifying neurodrugs that can prevent or cure serious diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and Alzheimer’s disease, are in high demand.

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Herbal Medicine: Clinical Perspective & Regulatory Status

Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening ◽

10.2174/1386207323999201110192942 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

Author(s):

Md Abul Barkat ◽

Anjali Goyal ◽

Harshita Abul Barkat ◽

Mohammad Salauddin ◽

Faheem Hyder Pottoo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Herbal Medicine ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

New Drugs ◽

Herbal Drugs ◽

Clinical Perspective ◽

Regulatory Status ◽

Novel Drugs ◽

History Of ◽

Pros And Cons ◽

Health Complications

Abstract:: Herbal medicines pays an important in treating the vaious diseases mainly due to the their potentially high therapeutic values and also due to the better acceptance of vaioruspatient under different health complications. The herbal medicine practice involves use of part of plant, entire plant or the selectctive isolated phytomedicineand the use and practices based on these has its pros and cons and has been greatly affected during the dawn. The search of new drugs during scientific era revives the interest in discovery of herbal drugs from different natural resources during 20th century. The present modern healthcare system invovlves utilization drugs and 50% of them are of ofnaural origin. Herbal drug disocovery found to be highly costly affair with low success rate and it hinders the further progress in utilizting the phytomedicine in treating the various deseases. But in recent years there is an increase in the search interest of herbal drugs mainly by the pharmaceutical industry and those invoves in the search of novel drugs from the herbs. Discovery of such new novel phytomedicines has to overcomes various challenges in indentification of active extracts and their toxicity, advereffects, herb drug interaction and importantly their regulatory requirments. The present review mainly focused on the history of herbal medicine, current clinical perspective, pharmaceutical, and regulatory challenges as well as its clinical presentation. Moreover, problems encountered in drug discovery from herbal resources and its possible solutions are delineated.

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Phytosterols and Triterpenoids for Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic-related Liver Diseases and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201020666190219122357 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 197-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Isabel Sánchez-Crisóstomo ◽

Eduardo Fernández-Martínez ◽

Raquel Cariño-Cortés ◽

Gabriel Betanzos-Cabrera ◽

Rosa A. Bobadilla-Lugo

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Anticancer Agents ◽

Liver Diseases ◽

Membrane Receptors ◽

New Drugs ◽

Sexual Hormones ◽

Steroid Nucleus ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Prevention And Treatment

Background: Liver ailments are among the leading causes of death; they originate from viral infections, chronic alcoholism, and autoimmune illnesses, which may chronically be precursors of cirrhosis; furthermore, metabolic syndrome may worsen those hepatopathies or cause Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) that may advance to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Cirrhosis is the late-stage liver disease and can proceed to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Pharmacological treatment options for liver diseases, cirrhosis, and HCC, are limited, expensive, and not wholly effective. The use of medicinal herbs and functional foods is growing around the world as natural resources of bioactive compounds that would set the basis for the development of new drugs. Review and Conclusion: Plant and food-derived sterols and triterpenoids (TTP) possess antioxidant, metabolic-regulating, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as they are recognized as anticancer agents, suggesting their application strongly as an alternative therapy in some chronic diseases. Thus, it is interesting to review current reports about them as hepatoprotective agents, but also because they structurally resemble cholesterol, sexual hormones, corticosteroids and bile acids due to the presence of the steroid nucleus, so they all can share pharmacological properties through activating nuclear and membrane receptors. Therefore, sterols and TTP appear as a feasible option for the prevention and treatment of chronic metabolic-related liver diseases, cirrhosis, and HCC.

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Bioprospecting Cryptogams as Potential Source of Unique Biodynamic Phytochemicals with Diverse Pharmaceutical Applications

Cryptogam Biodiversity and Assessment ◽

10.21756/cba.v1i1.10959 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Brahma N. Singh ◽

Garima Pandey ◽

Prateeksha ◽

J. Kumar

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Higher Plants ◽

New Drugs ◽

Terrestrial Plants ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Therapeutic Drugs ◽

Potential Source ◽

Therapeutic Value ◽

Wide Range ◽

Novel Structures

With the advent of green pharmaceuticals, the secondary metabolites derived from plants have provided numerous leads for the development of a wide range of therapeutic drugs; however the discovery of new drugs with novel structures has declined in the past few years. Cryptogams including lichens, bryophytes, and pteridophytes represent a group of small terrestrial plants that remain relatively untouched in the drug discovery process though some have been used as ethnomedicines by various tribes worldwide. Studies of their secondary metabolites are recent but reveal unique secondary metabolites which are not synthesized by higher plants. These compounds can have the potential to develop more potential herbal drugs for prevention and treatment of diseases The present article . deals with the secondary metabolites and pharmacological activities of cryptogams with an objective to bring them forth as potential source of biodynamic compounds of therapeutic value.

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The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Fungal Genus Periconia: A Review

Scientia Pharmaceutica ◽

10.3390/scipharm89030034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Azmi Azhari ◽

Unang Supratman

Keyword(s):

Aromatic Compounds ◽

New Drugs ◽

Cytotoxic Agents ◽

Spectroscopic Methods ◽

Pharmacological Agents ◽

Inflammatory Agent ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Future Drug ◽

Endolichenic Fungi ◽

Isolated Compound

Periconia is filamentous fungi belonging to the Periconiaceae family, and over the last 50 years, the genus has shown interest in natural product exploration for pharmacological purposes. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the different species of Periconia containing natural products such as terpenoids, polyketides, cytochalasan, macrosphelides, cyclopentenes, aromatic compounds, and carbohydrates carbasugar derivates. The isolated compound of this kind, which was reported in 1969, consisted of polyketide derivatives and their structures and was determined by chemical reaction and spectroscopic methods. After some years, 77 compounds isolated from endophytic fungus Periconia were associated with eight plant species, 28 compounds from sea hare Aplysia kurodai, and ten from endolichenic fungi Parmelia sp. The potent pharmacological agents from this genus are periconicin A, which acts as an antimicrobial, pericochlorosin B as an anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), peribysin D, and pericosine A as cytotoxic agents, and periconianone A as an anti-inflammatory agent. Furthermore, information about taxol and piperine from Periconia producing species was also provided. Therefore, this study supports discovering new drugs produced by the Periconia species and compares them for future drug development.

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The activation of galanin receptor 2 plays an antinociceptive effect in nucleus accumbens of rats with neuropathic pain

The Journal of Physiological Sciences ◽

10.1186/s12576-021-00790-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yan Dong ◽

Chong-Yang Li ◽

Xiao-Min Zhang ◽

Ya-Nan Liu ◽

Shuang Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Nucleus Accumbens ◽

Pain Threshold ◽

Antinociceptive Effect ◽

Galanin Receptor ◽

Pain Model ◽

Withdrawal Threshold ◽

Neuropathic Pain Model ◽

Galanin Receptors ◽

Intact Rats

AbstractOur previous research has shown that galanin plays an antinociceptive effect via binding to galanin receptors (GalRs) in nucleus accumbens (NAc). This study focused on the involvement of GalR2 in galanin-induced antinociceptive effect in NAc of neuropathic pain rats. The chronic constriction injury of sciatic nerve (CCI) was used to mimic neuropathic pain model. The hind paw withdrawal latency (HWL) to thermal stimulation and hind paw withdrawal threshold (HWT) to mechanical stimulation were measured as the indicators of pain threshold. The results showed that 14 and 28 days after CCI, the expression of GalR2 was up-regulated in bilateral NAc of rats, and intra-NAc injection of GalR2 antagonist M871 reversed galanin-induced increases in HWL and HWT of CCI rats. Furthermore, intra-NAc injection of GalR2 agonist M1145 induced increases in HWL and HWT at day 14 and day 28 after CCI, which could also be reversed by M871. Finally, we found that M1145-induced antinociceptive effect in NAc of CCI rats was stronger than that in intact rats. These results imply that the GalR2 is activated in the NAc from day 14 to day 28 after CCI and GalR2 is involved in the galanin-induced antinociceptive effect in NAc of CCI rats.

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