scholarly journals Silver Nanoparticles Formation by Jatropha integerrima and LC/MS-QTOF-Based Metabolite Profiling

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2400
Author(s):  
Afrah E. Mohammed ◽  
Lamya Ahmed Al-Keridis ◽  
Ishrat Rahman ◽  
Modhi O. Alotaibi ◽  
Rasha Saad Suliman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Average Size

The broad application of metal nanoparticles in different fields encourages scientists to find alternatives to conventional synthesis methods to reduce negative environmental impacts. Herein, we described a safe method for preparing silver nanoparticles (J-AgNPs) using Jatropha integerrima leaves extract as a reducing agent and further characterize its physiochemical and pharmacological properties to identify its therapeutic potential as a cytotoxic and antimicrobial agent. The biogenic synthesized J-AgNPs were physiochemically characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. HPLC-DAD, followed by LC/MS and the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), was applied to detect the biomolecules of J. integerrima involved in the fabrication of NPs. Furthermore, J-AgNPs and the ampicillin-nanocomposite conjugate were investigated for their potential antibacterial effects against four clinical isolates. Finally, cytotoxic effects were also investigated against cancer and normal cell lines, and their mechanism was assessed using TEM analysis and confocal laser scanning microscopy (LSM). Ag ions were reduced to spherical J-AgNPs, with a zeta potential of −34.7 mV as well as an average size of 91.2 and 22.8 nm as detected by DLS and TEM, respectively. HPLC GC/MC analysis identified five biomolecules, and FTIR suggested the presence of proteins besides polyphenolic molecules; together, these molecules could be responsible for the reduction and capping processes during NP formation. Additionally, J-AgNPs displayed a strong antibacterial effect, although the ampicillin conjugated form had a very weak antibacterial effect. Furthermore, the NPs caused a reduction in cell viability of all the treated cells by initiating ultrastructural changes and apoptosis, as identified by TEM and LSM analysis. Therefore, J-AgNPs can be formed using the leaf extract from the J. integerrima plant. Furthermore, J-AgNPs may serve as a candidate for further biochemical and pharmacological testing to identify its therapeutic value.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Bactericidal Activity of a Hyaluronic Acid-Vehicled Clarithromycin Antibiotic Mixture by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 761
Author(s):  
Narcisa Mandras ◽  
Mario Alovisi ◽  
Janira Roana ◽  
Paola Crosasso ◽  
Anna Luganini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Dentinal Tubules ◽  
The Mean

Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to evaluate the antibacterial effect and depth of action of a novel clarithromycin-containing triple antibiotic mixture, which was proposed for root canal disinfection in dental pulp regeneration. A previous study reported that this mixture had no tooth discoloration effects in vitro. After infection with Enterococcus faecalis for 3 weeks, the dentinal tubules in the cylindrical root specimens were exposed to different antibiotic mixtures: ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and minocycline (3-MIX); ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and clarithromycin (3-MIXC) and ciprofloxacin and metronidazole (2-MIX). Each antibiotic formulation was mixed with macrogol (MG) or hyaluronic acid (HA) vehicles. CLSM and viability staining were used to quantitatively analyze the mean depth of the antibacterial effect and the proportions of dead and live bacteria inside the dentinal tubules. The 3-MIX and 3-MIXC demonstrated a similar depth of action. The mean proportion of dead bacteria was similar in the 3-MIX and 3-MIXC groups, and both were statistically higher than that of 2-MIX (p = 0.014). Each antibiotic mixture showed a higher bactericidal efficacy if conveyed with HA, compared to MG (3-MIX, p = 0.019; 3-MIXC, p = 0.013 and 2-MIX, p = 0.0125). The depth of action and the antibacterial efficacy of 3-MIXC seemed comparable with 3-MIX.

scholarly journals Quantitative Assessment of Root Canal Roughness with Calcium-Based Hypochlorite Irrigants by 3D CLSM

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Santos Oliveira ◽  
Walter Raucci Neto ◽  
Natália Spadine de Faria ◽  
Fernanda Silva Fernandes ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Saraiva Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Calcium Hypochlorite ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation ◽  
Root Canal Dentin

Chemical solutions play important roles in endodontic treatment and promote ultrastructural changes in dentin surface. The aim of this study was to quantify root canal roughness at different concentrations of calcium hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)2) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Fifty-two human mandibular premolars were sectioned and randomly organized into thirteen groups (n=8): saline (control); 1%, 2.5% and 5% NaOCl; 1%, 2.5% and 5% Ca(OCl)2; the hypochlorite groups were further divided into with or without EDTA. The chlorine concentrations of the different solutions were measured by iodine titration (%). The superficial roughness (Sa) was quantified by CLSM. Ca(OCl)2 presented substantial decrease in chlorine concentration that differed from the package indication, but without compromising the dentin ultrastructure changes. There were no significant differences in dentin roughness between Ca(OCl)2 or NaOCl at all studied concentrations. The combination with EDTA provided similar roughness values among the solutions (p>0.05). The 5% Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl solutions significantly increased dentin roughness and did not differ from the EDTA association (p>0.05). Ca(OCl)2 promoted similar dentin roughness as the NaOCl at the same concentrations and combined with EDTA. It may be concluded that Ca(OCl)2 modified the root canal dentin roughness similarly to NaOCl, at the same concentrations and EDTA combinations used in this study. Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl, both at 5%, significantly altered dentin roughness, overcoming EDTA association, thus Ca(OCl)2 concentrations ranging from 1% to 2.5% may be suitable solutions for root canal irrigation protocols.

scholarly journals Two-Sided Antibacterial Cellulose Combining Probiotics and Silver Nanoparticles

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2848
Author(s):  
Laura Sabio ◽  
Andrea Sosa ◽  
José M. Delgado-López ◽  
José M. Dominguez-Vera
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Promising Strategy

The constant increase of antibiotic-resistant bacteria demands the design of novel antibiotic-free materials. The combination of antibacterials in a biocompatible biomaterial is a very promising strategy to treat infections caused by a broader spectrum of resistant pathogens. Here, we combined two antibacterials, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and living probiotics (Lactobacillus fermentum, Lf), using bacterial cellulose (BC) as scaffold. By controlling the loading of each antibacterial at opposite BC sides, we obtained a two-sided biomaterial (AgNP-BC-Lf) with a high density of alive and metabolically active probiotics on one surface and AgNPs on the opposite one, being probiotics well preserved from the killer effect of AgNPs. The resulting two-sided biomaterial was characterized by Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). The antibacterial capacity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), an opportunistic pathogen responsible for a broad range of skin infections, was also assessed by agar diffusion tests in pathogen-favorable media. Results showed an enhanced activity against PA when both antibacterials were combined into BC (AgNP-BC-Lf) with respect to BC containing only one of the antibacterials, BC-Lf or AgNP-BC. Therefore, AgNP-BC-Lf is an antibiotic-free biomaterial that can be useful for the therapy of topical bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Resveratrol-Encapsulated Mitochondria-Targeting Liposome Enhances Mitochondrial Respiratory Capacity in Myocardial Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Takao Tsujioka ◽  
Daisuke Sasaki ◽  
Atsuhito Takeda ◽  
Hideyoshi Harashima ◽  
Yuma Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
H9c2 Cells ◽  
Respiratory Capacity ◽  
Myocardial Mitochondria ◽  
Natural Polyphenol ◽  
Mitochondria Targeting

The development of drug delivery systems for use in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases is an area of great interest. We report herein on an evaluation of the therapeutic potential of a myocardial mitochondria-targeting liposome, a multifunctional envelope-type nano device for targeting pancreatic β cells (β-MEND) that was previously developed in our laboratory. Resveratrol (RES), a natural polyphenol compound that has a cardioprotective effect, was encapsulated in the β-MEND (β-MEND (RES)), and its efficacy was evaluated using rat myocardioblasts (H9c2 cells). The β-MEND (RES) was readily taken up by H9c2 cells, as verified by fluorescence-activated cell sorter data, and was observed to be colocalized with intracellular mitochondria by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Myocardial mitochondrial function was evaluated by a Seahorse XF Analyzer and the results showed that the β-MEND (RES) significantly activated cellular maximal respiratory capacity. In addition, the β-MEND (RES) showed no cellular toxicity for H9c2 cells as evidenced by Premix WST-1 assays. This is the first report of the use of a myocardial mitochondria-targeting liposome encapsulating RES for activating mitochondrial function, which was clearly confirmed based on analyses using a Seahorse XF Analyzer.

Effect of Mg treatment on distribution of inclusions in Fe-O-Al-Mg melt

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Yutang Li ◽  
Linzhu Wang ◽  
Junqi Li ◽  
Shufeng Yang ◽  
Chaoyi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Force ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Area Density ◽  
Surface Distance ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Average Size ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to investigate the effect of Mg treatment on the homogenized distribution of inclusions. Deoxidized experiments with Al (0.05%Al) and Al-Mg (0.05%Al + 0.03%Mg) were carried out at 1873 K respectively and the degree of homogeneity in inclusion dispersion, area density, average size and inter-surface distance of inclusions were studied. The attractive capillary force acts on inclusions was analyzed by in-situ observation by confocal laser scanning microscopy and Kralchevsky-Paunov model. The results show that the proportion of inclusions with inter-surface distance at the range of 10–100 µm is up to 60% after Al-Mg deoxidized 1800 s. Compared with Al2O3 inclusion, the area density of MgAl2O4 inclusions is generally more homogeneous. The in-situ observed results indicate that the inclusions in the steel deoxidized by Al are easy to aggregate and small size Al2O3 inclusions tend to gather around large size Al2O3 inclusions, while the inclusions in the steel deoxidized by Al-Mg tend to distribute more homogeneously. Moreover, the calculated results suggest that the attractive capillary force is larger between inclusions with larger size. The attractive capillary force is larger when the value of smaller size inclusions R1 is gradually close to the value of larger size inclusions R2. The relationship between attractive capillary force and the degree of homogeneity in inclusion dispersion is discussed based on Kralchevsky-Paunov model.

scholarly journals Synergistic Therapy of Doxorubicin with Cationic Anticancer Peptide L-K6 Reverses Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Cells in vitro via P-glycoprotein Inhibition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Che Wang ◽  
Lili Huang ◽  
Ruojin Li ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Xiaoxue Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Intracellular Accumulation ◽  
Anticancer Peptide ◽  
P Glycoprotein ◽  
Mdr Reversal ◽  
Mcf 7

AbstractMultidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the major obstacles to efficient chemotherapy against cancers, resulting from the overexpression of drug efflux transporters such as P-glycoprotein (P-gP). In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the MDR reversal activity and synergistic therapeutic potential of cationic anticancer peptide L-K6 with doxorubicin (DOX) on P-gP-overexpressing and DOX-resistant MCF-7/Adr human breast cancer cells. Flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to determine the intracellular accumulation of DOX and another P-gP substrate, Rho123. P-gP-Glo assay, Western blot and Biacore analysis were further performed to evaluate the P-gP function and expression. The cytotoxicity in MCF-7 or MCF-7/Adr cells was measured by MTT assay. Flow cytometry assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy observation clearly revealed an increased intracellular accumulation of DOX and Rho123 in MCF-7/Adr cells treated with L-K6, suggesting a P-gP inhibiting potential. Biacore analysis, P-gP-Glo assay and Western blot further confirmed that L-K6 could directly interact with P-gP, inhibit P-gP function and decrease P-gP expression in MCF-7/Adr cells. In addition, as expected, the data from MTT assay indicated that L-K6 restored the sensitivity of MCF-7/Adr cells to DOX, indicating a MDR reversal potential and a promising synergistic anticancer activity. All these findings may provide experimental evidence to support the promising applications and synergistic therapeutic potential of peptidic P-gP inhibitors against MDR cancer.

scholarly journals Efficacy of diode laser and sonic agitation of Chlorhexidine and Silver-nanoparticles in infected root canals

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Latifa Mohamed Abdelgawad ◽  
Niven Asmail ◽  
Somia Abdel Latif ◽  
Ali Mohamed Safaan
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2

Objective: To assess the efficacy of agitation of chlorohexidine (CHX) and Silver nanoparticles “AgNps” with 810nm diode laser or sonic endoactivator compared to side –vented needle on infected root canals with Enterococcus “E” Faecalis biofilms. Material and Methods: Sixty-five extracted human premolars with single oval canals were instrumented by protaper system up to F3. Biofilms of E. faecalis were generated based on a previously established protocol. Two teeth were used to check the biofilm formation, then the remaining Teeth were randomly divided into three equal experimental groups according to agitation techniques used: group 1 (810 nm diode laser with 1 watt), group 2 (sonic endoactivator) and group 3 (Side vented needle). Each group was further divided into three equal subgroups according to the irrigant solution into; subgroup A: chlorohexidine, subgroup B: silver nanoparticles and subgroup C: distilled water: Confocal laser scanning microscopy “CLSM” was used to assess bacterial viability. Data were analyzed by appropriate statistical analyses with P = 0.05. Results: Regarding the activation method, all groups had a significantly high percentage of dead bacteria (P < 0.05). However, Laser was significantly the highest and Endoactivator the least (P < = 0.001). Diode laser agitation of AgNps irrigant showed the highest reduction percentage of bacteria (78.1%) with a significant difference with both CHX and water irrigation, Conclusion: Under the condition of the present study; results reinforced that laser activation is a useful adjunct, 810 nm diode laser agitation of AgNps or chlorhexidine was more effective in disinfection of oval root canals than endoactivator and side vented needle techniques.KeywordsDentinal infection; Silver-nanoparticles; chlorohexidine; agitation; Diode Laser; Sonic endoactivator. 

scholarly journals Confocal laser scanning and electron microscopical studies on osmoregulatory epithelia in the branchial cavity of the lobster homarus gammarus

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (11) ◽  
pp. 1817-1833 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Haond ◽  
G Flik ◽  
G Charmantier
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Homarus Gammarus ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Branchial Cavity ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Electron Microscopical

The adult lobster Homarus gammarus is a weak hyper-regulator at low salinity. The objective of this study was to locate the ion-transporting tissues in the branchial chamber of this species, using electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy with a fluorescent vital stain for mitochondria, DASPMI, which is widely used to locate mitochondria-rich cells in ion-transporting epithelia of fish. A thick mitochondria-rich epithelium is present on the inner side of the branchiostegite and over the entire surface of the epipodites. Ultrastructural observations confirm that this tissue has features typical of an ion-transporting epithelium. When the lobster is transferred to low salinity, these epithelia undergo marked ultrastructural changes, such as an increase in thickness related to the development of basolateral infoldings, the appearance of numerous vesicles and an increase in height of the apical microvilli. In the gills, the branchial filaments are lined by a thin and poorly differentiated epithelium, containing numerous mitochondria; no significant ultrastructural changes were observed in the gills of animals acclimated to low salinity. In summary, in H. gammarus, no evidence of osmoregulatory structures was found in the gills. Differentiated ion-transporting epithelia are present in the branchial cavity, on the inner side of the branchiostegite and on the epipodites; these organs are probably involved in osmoregulation.

scholarly journals Biogenic Gold Nanoparticles as Potent Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Nano-Antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Ghazanfar Ali ◽  
Mohammad Azam Ansari ◽  
Mohammad A. Alzohairy ◽  
Mohammad N. Alomary ◽  
Sami AlYahya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Size

Abstract: Plant-based synthesis of eco-friendly nanoparticles has widespread applications in many fields, including medicine. Biofilm—a shield for pathogenic microorganisms—once formed, is difficult to destroy with antibiotics, making the pathogen resistant. Here, we synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using the stem of an Ayurvedic medicinal plant, Tinospora cordifolia, and studied the action of AuNPs against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm. The synthesized AuNPs were characterized by techniques such as ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy. The AuNPs were spherically shaped with an average size of 16.1 nm. Further, the subminimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of AuNPs (50, 100, and 150 µg/mL) greatly affected the biofilm-forming ability of P. aeruginosa, as observed by crystal violet assay and SEM, which showed a decrease in the number of biofilm-forming cells with increasing AuNP concentration. This was further justified by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), which showed irregularities in the structure of the biofilm at the sub-MIC of AuNPs. Further, the interaction of AuNPs with PAO1 at the highest sub-MIC (150 µg/mL) showed the internalization of the nanoparticles, probably affecting the tendency of PAO1 to colonize on the surface of the nanoparticles. This study suggests that green-synthesized AuNPs can be used as effective nano-antibiotics against biofilm-related infections caused by P. aeruginosa.

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